牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:278 分詞的完成式(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
A 形式
having+ 過(guò)去分詞:
having done having seen
B 用法
分詞的完成式可代替現(xiàn)在分詞,如第276節(jié)B中所舉的例子所示(即同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著另一個(gè)動(dòng)作):
Tying one end of the rope to his bed,he threw the other end out of thewindow.相當(dāng)于:
Having tied one end of the rope to his bed,he threw the other end out ofthe window.
他把繩子的一頭系在床上,另一頭扔出窗外。
分詞的完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)動(dòng)作在第二個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始前就已經(jīng)完成,但除非使用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式可能使意思混淆不清外,一般不必要使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。下面是造成混淆的一個(gè)例子:Read-ing the instructions,he snatched up the fire extinguisher。這句話給人的印象好像是兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。因此在這里用分詞的完成式比較合適:
Having read the instructions,he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
看完了說(shuō)明書(shū)之后,他迅速拿起了滅火器。
如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間有一段間隔,則必須用分詞的完成式:
Having failed twice,he didnt want to try again.
已經(jīng)失敗了兩次,他不想再試了。
如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí),也必須用分詞的完成式:
Having been his own boss for such a long time,he found it hard to acceptorders from another.
自己當(dāng)老板已經(jīng)這么久了,他覺(jué)得難以聽(tīng)從別人的差遣。
A 形式
having+ 過(guò)去分詞:
having done having seen
B 用法
分詞的完成式可代替現(xiàn)在分詞,如第276節(jié)B中所舉的例子所示(即同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著另一個(gè)動(dòng)作):
Tying one end of the rope to his bed,he threw the other end out of thewindow.相當(dāng)于:
Having tied one end of the rope to his bed,he threw the other end out ofthe window.
他把繩子的一頭系在床上,另一頭扔出窗外。
分詞的完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)動(dòng)作在第二個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始前就已經(jīng)完成,但除非使用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式可能使意思混淆不清外,一般不必要使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。下面是造成混淆的一個(gè)例子:Read-ing the instructions,he snatched up the fire extinguisher。這句話給人的印象好像是兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。因此在這里用分詞的完成式比較合適:
Having read the instructions,he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
看完了說(shuō)明書(shū)之后,他迅速拿起了滅火器。
如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間有一段間隔,則必須用分詞的完成式:
Having failed twice,he didnt want to try again.
已經(jīng)失敗了兩次,他不想再試了。
如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí),也必須用分詞的完成式:
Having been his own boss for such a long time,he found it hard to acceptorders from another.
自己當(dāng)老板已經(jīng)這么久了,他覺(jué)得難以聽(tīng)從別人的差遣。