2024高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯選練（3）

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　Scientists in UK have grown a living human "brain". The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.

　　They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, "We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. "The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (腫瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.

　　Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, "It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (癡呆)."

　　The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，"We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research."

　　1. UK scientists grow a living human "brain" in order to ______.

　　A. study the structure of human brain

　　B. make use of living human cell system

　　C. discover how human brain really works

　　D. separate cells from a cancer tumour

　　2. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells ______.

　　A. will get finished as early as possible

　　B. will make people discover dementia

　　C. will affect the brain growth in many ways

　　D. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system

　　3. From the last paragraph，we can know that ______

　　A. the technique provided by HRT is immature

　　B. animal tests are no longer allowed by law

　　C. a million people suffer from brain diseases

　　D. the research program lacks financial support

　　4. The text is intended to ______.

　　A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical research

　　B. introduce a research program in human's brain

　　C. introduce the progress of drugs for dementia

　　D. tell us about health problem in nerve system

　　【參考答案】1—4、CDDB

　　【科普知識型---閱讀理解】

　　Housed in Milan, one of Europe's dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.

　　In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通風) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milan's polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It's a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”

　　Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci's painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.

　　Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.

　　Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光澤) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.

　　The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.

　　1．What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

　　A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance.

　　B．Things dirtier than usual.

　　C．Certain types of gas.

　　D．Extremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.

　　2．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT

　　________．

　　A．fatty lipids from the skin

　　B．tiny particles of the wax

　　C．breath of the visitors

　　D．dust in the air

　　3．According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis?

　　A. The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.

　　B．The airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.

　　C．The airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.

　　D．The airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci's painting were decreased successfully.

　　4．What can be the best title of the text?

　　A．How to decrease levels of particulates effectively

　　B．The famous painting —da Vinci's The Last Supper

　　C．Keeping air pollution from damaging da Vinci's The Last Supper

　　D．How to protect artwork in households

　　【要點綜述】保存在意大利米蘭市一家教堂的達·芬奇名畫《最后的晚餐》受到空氣污染的影響。雖采取了措施使教堂空氣質量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隱患。

　　1．D　詞義猜測題。綜合分析文章及該詞所在句子，可推知該詞意為“顆粒(污染)物”。

　　2．C　細節理解題。根據文章信息可知，對名畫《最后的晚餐》帶來污染的因素主要有參觀者皮膚上的油脂、修復時產生的蠟顆粒及空氣中的灰塵等。

　　3．B　細節理解題。從文章第一、二段可知，雖然教堂室內環境大為改善，但這幅偉大的畫作仍受到各種污染物的威脅。

　　4．C　主旨大意題。綜合分析文章可知，本文主要介紹如何保護達·芬奇的名畫《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影響，故C項為標題最佳。

　　閱讀理解。

　　In the fall of 1985. I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.

　　My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.

　　Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic---and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.

　　You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 81. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant talking as few as one class each semester.

　　The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.

　　In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree！

　　I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.

　　(

　　) 1. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was tobe

　　A. a writer

　　B. a teacher

　　C. a judge

　　D. a doctor

　　(

　　) 2. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?

　　A. She wanted to study by herself.

　　B. She fell in love and got married.

　　C. She suffered from a serious illness.

　　D. She decided to look after her grandma.

　　(

　　) 3. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?

　　She was busy yet happy with her family life.

　　She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.

　　She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.

　　She was too confused to make a correct choice.

　　(

　　) 4. What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?

　　Failure is the mother of success.

　　B、Little by little, one goes far.

　　C. Every coin has two sides.

　　D、Well begun, half done.

　　(

　　) 5.Which of the following can best describe the author?

　　Caring and determine.

　　B、Honest and responsible.

　　C、Ambitious and sensitive.

　　D、Innocent and single-minded.

　　【文章大意】記敘文。文章介紹了作者取得本科學位的過程中做的事情。

　　1.C細節理解題。根據文章第一段的aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.，可知答案為C。

　　2.D細節理解題。根據文章I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.可知答案。

　　3.A 推理判斷題，由You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. 作者需要養育4個兒女，同時還要堅持學習的夢想， joyous可見作者在感到家庭是忙碌而幸福的。

　　4.B推理判斷題。根據Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.可以看出作者的學習是在循序漸進，千里之行始于足下，最終才取得學位的。Little by little ,one goes far.與之符合。

　　5.A推理判斷題。通過全文作者照顧祖母和照顧家庭，可以看出作者Caring；通過作者堅持不懈的學習，最終拿到學位，可以看出作者的決心determine，選A。

　　短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

　　Christine was just a girl in one of my classes. I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. She didn’t talk many. Her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer. She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her. Like the rest of my classmate, I didn’t really want to get closed to her. It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did .

　　【參考答案】4.

　　試題分析：本文敘述了作者的同學Christine在大家的眼里是非常奇怪的一個人，她穿著奇怪的服裝，話語不多，也不在乎別人對她的看法，可就在作者與她進行一次化學的合作項目時，才理解為什么她總是把自己打扮成那個樣子。

　　【小題1】考查短語。句意：除了她是非常的奇怪，我對她了解不多。except for +名詞或代詞，不跟句子，所以應去掉for，except that+句子。

　　【小題2】考查固定短語。句意：她的話語不多。這里用來修飾動詞用much， many修飾可數名詞。

　　【小題3】考查動詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運動鞋。worn是wear的過去分詞，它的過去式是wore，這里短文敘述的是過去的事情，所以應該用過去式。

　　【小題4】考查副詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運動鞋及黑色的毛衣，甚至實在夏天。although后跟句子，even是副詞，后可跟介詞短語。

　　【小題5】考查形容詞。句意：她實際上很招人喜歡的。attractively是副詞；attractive是形容詞，在這里作表語。

　　【小題6】考查動詞短語。句意：她從不考慮其他的人是怎樣看她的。這里是seemed to do似乎做某事。

　　【小題7】考查名詞。句意：像我的其他同學一樣我真地不想接近她。classmate 是單數；classmates是復數，因為the rest of+可數名詞的復數，故用classmates。

　　【小題8】考查固定短語。句意：像我的其他同學一樣我真地不想接近她。get close to sb接近某人。是固定短語。

　　【小題9】考查代詞。句意：就在我們在一起做化學項目時，我才真正地理解她為什么打扮成那樣。這里their他們的；our我們的。形容詞性物主代詞應該與主語we一致，所以用our。

　　【小題10】考查動詞。句意：就在我們在一起做化學項目時，我才真正地理解她為什么打扮成那樣。根據前面的謂語動詞was與did 可知這里敘述的是過去的事情，所以應該用過去式began。

　　短文改錯 共10小題 每小題1分 滿分10分

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A )，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ )劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線（一），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；

　　2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　Time flies as an arrow. I’m already in Grade 3 after I realize it. It is only a little more than seven months before I graduated from our school. At the present, I’m busy review my lessons in order to take the college entrance examinations. I hope attend Beijing University, that is considered to be one of the best. Most of my classmate are studying very hard to realize our dreams. I do believe everyone will be able to enter a very well university.

　　【參考答案】5.

　　as –like

　　after—before

　　graduated—graduate

　　at the present --the 去掉

　　review—reviewing

　　hope后加to

　　that—which