Unit 1 Women of achievement

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·河北省普高質監(jiān))

　　Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.

　　Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.

　　In 1936, Graham made her defining work, “Chronicle”， which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.

　　Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. “A Dancer's World” is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.

　　Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy-six. She was the first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian

　　honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety-six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)代舞之母瑪莎·格蘭姆的故事和她所取得的成就。

　　1．Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham________.

　　A．was influenced greatly by them

　　B．kept in touch with them regularly

　　C．had a great effect on modern dance

　　D．liked to make more friends with them

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。第一段中將瑪莎·格蘭姆的影響和其他的一些偉大的人物相比，暗示她的影響也非常大，故最佳答案為C。

　　2．Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?

　　A．She was too old to learn American dance.

　　B．American dance was seen as a lower art form.

　　C．There was no academic school to teach dancing.

　　D．Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.

　　答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第二句At that time, the dancers were looked down on舞蹈家在那時是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在當時是一種地位較低的藝術形式，故最佳答案為B。

　　3．When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s, she________.

　　A．was warmly welcomed by the youth

　　B．a(chǎn)chieved huge success once again

　　C．received many awards for her age

　　D．was attacked by people

　　答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的第一、二句 Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. 知她70歲演出時，她受到了一些人的批評，可知她受到了一些人的攻擊，故最佳答案為D。

　　4．The text is mainly about________.

　　A．the background of modern dance in America

　　B．the development of modern dance in America

　　C．Martha Graham and her achievements in dance

　　D．the awards Martha Graham won in her life

　　答案：C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，是按時間順序敘述了現(xiàn)代舞之母瑪莎·格蘭姆的一生以及她在舞蹈方面的成就，故最佳答案為C。

　　B

　　(2024·長春二模)

　　On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know. I looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug？” I laughed and enthusiastically responded,

　　“Of course you may！” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age？” I asked. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one ！” she told me. After class we walked to the Student Union building and

　　shared

　　a chocolate

　　milkshake.

　　We

　　became

　　instant friends.

　　Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon(偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner, I'll never forget what she taught us. “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.” She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose”. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌詞) and live them out in our daily life. At the year's end she finished the college degree she had begun all those years. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

　　文章大意：本文講述了一位87歲的老太太Rose仍然堅持學習，實現(xiàn)了自己上大學的夢想的故事。

　　5．What happened to the author on the first day of school?

　　A．He got to know an old professor.

　　B．He made the acquaintance of an old lady.

　　C．He joined the Student Union.

　　D．He had to share a milkshake with others.

　　答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile”可知，作者在上學的第一天結識了一位老太太。故選B項。

　　6．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1, we can find out the author's ________.

　　A. concern about age

　　B. respect for the old

　　C. curiosity about the lady

　　D. complaint about education

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句后面老太太的回答“I alway dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one”可推知，作者對老太太在上大學感到非常好奇，所以詢問老太太在學校的原因。故選C項。

　　7．In the author's eyes, ________.

　　A．Rose was innocent and generous

　　B．Rose was wise and skilled

　　C．Rose was talented and hard-working

　　D．Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。第二段講到老太太Rose那種沒有因為年齡大而放棄的夢想，活到老學到老的精神使她在大學校園成了大學生們的偶像，故Rose的勇氣讓作者感到欽佩，她的話是鼓舞人心的。故選D項。

　　8．Which saying might Rose possibly support?

　　A．One is never too old to learn.

　　B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　C．Rome wasn't built in a day.

　　D．It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。本文講述了一位87歲的老太太Rose仍然堅持學習，實現(xiàn)了自己上大學的夢想的故事，故A項“活到老學到老”，符合題意。A friend in need is a friend indeed“患難見真情”，Rome wasn't built in a day“冰凍三尺，非一日之寒”，It is no use crying over spilt milk“覆水難收”，都不符合題意。

　　Ⅱ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·茂名市二模)

　　The Italian dinners we had every Sunday when I was a boy were feasts fit for a king. There were loaves of Italian bread ready to be eaten. __1__ were great with butter and even __2__(good) when you dipped them in the sauce(調(diào)味汁). My grandma, __3__ we called “Nanny”， would always bake them a day ahead so they would be ready. I remember watching her hand make the dough(面團). I would often ask to help but only because I wanted to have

　　__4__ bite of the dough before she placed it in the pans to bake.

　　One day I

　　__5__(fool) asked Nanny why she didn't just buy bread at the store

　　__6__(save) time. “Because they're not as good，” she said __7__ her thick Italian accent. Then she laughed, smiled, and gave me a piece of dough to eat.

　　Nanny was right. Today I buy my bread at the store and it isn't as good. It is factory-made and __8__(lack) all the taste, warmth, and love that Nanny put into hers. Store-bought happiness is a sad substitute for home-made joy. __9__

　　you want lasting love, permanent peace, and endless joy, then you have to bake them __10__ your own.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文講述作者一起吃外婆給準備好的面包，非常的美味，曾傻傻地問為什么不去商店里面買來節(jié)省時間，外婆說它們不好，多年后才發(fā)現(xiàn)外婆說的是正確的，工廠生產(chǎn)的缺少了愛的味道，愛不是生產(chǎn)出來的。

　　1．命題立意：考查代詞。

　　答案：They　句意：當把他們蘸點調(diào)味汁就更美味了，他們與黃油配起來很好吃。They代表loaves of Italian bread，故填寫They。

　　2．命題立意：考查形容詞比較級。

　　答案：better　因為有even修飾比較級，故填比較級形式。

　　3．命題立意：考查定語從句。

　　答案：whom　句意：我的外婆，我們叫她Nanny，經(jīng)常為我們提前做好，把一切準備好。whom引導的定語從句修飾先行詞grandma，并在從句中作call的賓語。

　　4．命題立意：考查冠詞。

　　答案：a　have a bite of“咬一小口”。

　　5．命題立意：考查副詞。

　　答案：foolishly　句意：有一天，我傻傻地問外婆為什么不買店里的面包來節(jié)省時間。修飾動詞asked用副詞。

　　6．命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。

　　答案：to save　句意：有一天，我非常愚蠢的問外婆為什么不買店里的面包來節(jié)省時間。表示目的狀語用不定式。

　　7．命題立意：考查介詞。

　　答案：in/with　in/with her thick Italian accent 用濃厚的意大利口音。

　　8．命題立意：考查動詞的時態(tài)。

　　答案：lacks　句意：這是工廠制作的，缺少此味道，溫暖和愛在里面。根據(jù)and連接兩個句子時態(tài)保持一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是It，故用單數(shù)第三人稱。

　　9．命題立意：考查連詞。

　　答案：If　句意：如果你想要這種持續(xù)的愛，長久的平和，無盡的快樂，你就得自己來做。兩個句子條件關系，故用If。

　　10．命題立意：考查介詞。

　　答案：on　on one's own 親自地。

　　Ⅲ.短文改錯

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　Every time I read “...if I had the power of sight for three days”， I cannot help being moved its author Helen Keller, an ordinary and great American woman.

　　I admire Helen because she was optimistic about life. While she became deaf and blind, she was just 19 months old. So communication seemed complete a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of his teacher, Ms. Sullivan, Helen learned to read and write and become a famous writer. To a disabled person like her, this was really the wonder!

　　Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value that we have, and try our best to overcome some difficulty in life.

　　答案：

　　Every time I read “...if I had the power of sight for three days”， I cannot help being moved

　　its author Helen Keller, an ordinary

　　great American woman.

　　I admire Helen because she was optimistic about life.

　　she became deaf and blind, she was just 19 months old. So communication seemed

　　a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of

　　teacher, Ms. Sullivan, Helen learned to read and write and

　　a famous writer.

　　a disabled person like her, this was really

　　wonder!

　　Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value

　　we have, and try our best to overcome

　　difficulty in life.

　　1．命題立意：考查介詞。

　　解析：moved后加by　can't help后跟了被動結構being moved, its author Helen Keller是動作的發(fā)出者，故用介詞by引出。

　　2．命題立意：考查連詞。

　　解析：and→but　“平凡但偉大”前后為轉折關系，故用表示轉折意義的并列連詞but。

　　3．命題立意：考查狀語從句。

　　解析：While→When　句中的“became deaf and blind”為短暫性動作，故應用When。

　　4．命題立意：考查副詞。

　　解析：complete→completely　此處修飾整個句子應用副詞completely。

　　5．命題立意：考查代詞。

　　解析：his→her　此處指代Helen，應用her。

　　6．命題立意：考查時態(tài)。

　　解析：become→became　become不是與“read and write”并列的，而是與“l(fā)earned”并列的，前后時態(tài)保持一致，故用一般過去時。

　　7．命題立意：考查介詞。

　　解析：To→For　此處表示“對……來說”，應用介詞For。

　　8．命題立意：考查冠詞。

　　解析：the→a　此處泛指“一個奇跡”，故應用不定冠詞a。

　　9．命題立意：考查賓語從句。

　　解析：that→what　what引導賓語從句，且在從句中作賓語，表示“所……的事物”。that引導名詞性從句時不作成分。

　　10．命題立意：考查代詞。

　　解析：some→any　此處表示“盡全力克服生活中的任何困難”，而不是“一些”困難，故用any。