職稱英語專題例題分析—綜合AB閱讀判斷
They say Irelands the Best
Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls freedom, family and community life.
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.
Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, the report said, some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.
Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.
The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.
No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.
The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.
1.For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
2.Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
3. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
4. Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
5. Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
6. To measure life quality is easy.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
7. The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
解題:
第一步: 分析文章標題, 抓住文章主題詞, 判斷文章類型, 以及文章可能涉及到的內容
They say Irelands the Best 他們說愛爾蘭是最好的
標題是句子, 借助標題的特點判斷文章為論述文, 文章的主題詞是Ireland, 文章可能會把愛爾蘭的某些方面與一些國家進行比較, 然后得出愛爾蘭是最好的這個觀點。
第二步： 直接看題解題。
解題思路： 特征詞/核心詞定位法。找出題干中的特征詞，核心詞/結構作為答案線索， 在文章中找到答案相關句， 對比答案相關句的內容和問題句的內容， 判斷答案。
1.For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析： 問題句說在2005年的時間里，愛爾蘭一直是最適合人類居住的地方。 除了時間狀語結構(For 2,005 years)以外， 這個句子主句的內容與文章標題內容接近， 而時間狀語結構恰恰就是我們所說的一種可作為線索的特征結構(因為數字容易在文章中被查找到)， 我們利用2,005作為答案線索，這樣在文章中找到答案相關句：Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.劃線結構中提到的是for 2005(對2005年而言)， 不是問題句中說的For 2,005 years(在2005年的時間里)，而且劃線結構說愛爾蘭是2005年世界上最適合居住的地方 ， 顯然這個內容與問題句的內容不一致， 因此判斷問題句的說法錯誤。
典型考點： 考察文章主題句。
常見出題形式：對主題句的句子結構進行調整， 或改動主題句中出現的細節信息內容。
2.Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：C。
分析：問題句說職業穩定是衡量生活質量的最不重要的標準。利用題干中出現的核心短語(主語)Job security/職業穩定和(表語)life quality/生活質量作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構the least important/最不重要的， 這樣找到答案相關句：
Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls freedom, family and community life. 題干中的核心短語分散在了兩個句子中， 但是在這兩個看似與問題句相關的句子中并沒有出現比較的結構(沒有內容與題干中的修飾結構the least important呼應)， 推測這道題可能在考察考生的推斷能力。 第一個劃線句說根據上周出現在英國經濟學家雜志上的生活質量排名，愛爾蘭是2005年世界上最適合居住的地方。這句話的內容與問題句不相關，第2個劃線句說111個國家使用的標準除了包括那本雜志上提到的自由， 家庭和社會生活這方面的數據， 還涉及到了有關收入， 健康， 失業， 氣候， 政治穩定性，職業穩定， 和性別平等的數據內容。這句話表明工作穩定與收入， 健康等這些內容共同組成衡量標準， 而且前一個劃線句提到愛爾蘭在生活質量排名中位于第一位，因此可以推斷出這111個國家應該是參加生活質量排名的國家， 當然這些國家所使用的標準也就是衡量生活質量標準，但是文章中并沒有對職業穩定等這些衡量標準進行比較，沒有說哪方面的因素最重要的/最不重要的衡量標準。因此判斷這個問題句的說法為沒提到。
提示：只要問題句中有某部分信息(例如上題中的比較內容)在文章中沒有相呼應的內容， 我們就可以判定該句的內容為沒提到。
3. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：A.
分析：問題句說愛爾蘭的生活費用高。 利用題干中的核心短語(主語)Cost of living/生活費用作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構pretty high/相當高，這樣找到答案相關句：Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10. 題干的核心短語和修飾結構都出現在這個句子中， 因此判斷這個句子很可能就是直接答案相關句，該句說盡管氣候惡劣，健康機構混亂， 交通擁擠， 性別歧視仍然存在， 生活費用高，愛爾蘭所獲得的分數仍然給人留下了深刻的印象：滿分為十分,愛爾蘭獲得了8.33分。根據這個句子的內容可以知道愛爾蘭的生活費用高，因此問題句的說法與原文的說法一致。
out of: 從里頭
e.g. Choose out of these. 從這些當中選擇罷。
e.g. nine cases out of ten 十有八九
典型考點： 考察某個句子的某部分句子結構的含義。
常見出題形式：對原文句子中的某部分結構升級成一個句子(問題句)。
4. Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：C。
分析：問題句說在津巴布韋家庭生活是不穩定的。利用題干中的核心結構(主語)Family life/家庭生活和特征詞Zimbabwe/津巴布韋作為答案線索，同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構not stable(不穩定的)， 發現題干中的核心詞Family life根本就沒有在文章中出現 (文章中相關的句子：Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.)， 因為判斷該問題句為沒提到。
5. Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：A。
分析：問題句說愛爾蘭位居第一， 因為它把新時期里最理想的因素和過去的一些好的東西融合在一起。利用題干中出現的特征詞No. 1作為答案線索，同時關注問題句中出現的修飾結構the most desirable (elements)/最理想的 和some good (elements)/一些好的，這樣找到答案相關句：
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.
Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, the report said, some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away form a positive impact.
Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. 在這個斜體句中直接出現了問題句中的一個修飾結構the most desirable，推測句子中Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)可能與題干中的特征結構愛爾蘭位居第一呼應，certain warm可能與題干中的另一個修飾結構一些好的呼應，這個句子很可能就是直接答案相關句，該句說愛爾蘭獲勝了， 因為它成功地把新時期最理想的因素和對過去某些溫暖的東西(如穩定的家庭和社會生活)的保護結合了起來。 從這個句意上看溫暖的東西 就是好的東西，所以現在只需要確認Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)就是指愛爾蘭位居第一。 在前文中我們看到愛爾蘭獲得的分數給人留下了深刻的印象(劃線句)，接著看到這使它遠遠高于第2名瑞士(劃線句)， 因此判斷原文中說的Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)就是指愛爾蘭位居第一， 因此判斷問題句的說法正確。
典型考點：考察文章中某個重要細節句或某個總結概括句句意的理解。
常見出題形式：換詞法。
6.To measure life quality is easy.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析：問題句說衡量生活質量很容易。 利用題干中的核心結構measure life quality作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾詞easy，這樣找到答案相關句：The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics批評家. 該句說該雜志承認衡量生活質量不是一件直截了當的事情， 承認雜志上的數據將可能會受到批評。顯然， 該句內容表明衡量生活質量不是一件容易的事情， 因此問題句的說法錯誤。
常見考點：對文章中出現的否定句進行考察。
7. The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析：問題句說美國位于前十個國家的行列。 利用題干中的特征結構The United States of America和top 10 countries(前十個國家)作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句：The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 題干中的兩個特征結構都在這個句子中出現了，因此判斷這個句子應該是直接答案相關句， 該句說美國的人均國內生產總值排名第2， 僅位于盧森堡之后， 因此美國在這項調查中位于第13位。， 顯然問題句的說法與該句的說法不一致，因此判斷問題句錯誤。
文章中難點句子分析：
1.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness幸福levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure衡量標準 of human satisfaction舒服and well-being幸福.
ambitious: 野心勃勃的，有雄心的
attempt to do sth../..的嘗試
be based on ../根據../建立在...的基礎上
比較全世界人們的幸福程度這一雄心勃勃的嘗試所根據的原則是財富不是衡量人們是否生活舒服, 生活幸福的唯一標準.
2.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. 得到了
ahead of...領先于
manage辦理, 管理 --- try設法
3. Zimbabwe津巴布韋, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.伴隨
troubles by political insecurity and hunger = which is troubled by political insecurity and hunger
insecurity in + security安全;安穩
rate：評價〔常用被動語態〕
picking up only 3。89 points = and picks up only 3。89 points
pick up：得到， 在半路上搭，自然學會，拾起
4. Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, 得到了很高的重視/人們很關注the report said, some of the factors associated
with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions制度and family values in part take away from a positive impact.
associated with/與相關
in part partly 部分地
positive good積極的
impact influence effect 影響
take away from減少
5.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown崩潰recorded in official statistics.
They say Irelands the Best
Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls freedom, family and community life.
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.
Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, the report said, some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.
Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.
The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.
No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.
The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.
1.For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
2.Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
3. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
4. Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
5. Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
6. To measure life quality is easy.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
7. The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
解題:
第一步: 分析文章標題, 抓住文章主題詞, 判斷文章類型, 以及文章可能涉及到的內容
They say Irelands the Best 他們說愛爾蘭是最好的
標題是句子, 借助標題的特點判斷文章為論述文, 文章的主題詞是Ireland, 文章可能會把愛爾蘭的某些方面與一些國家進行比較, 然后得出愛爾蘭是最好的這個觀點。
第二步： 直接看題解題。
解題思路： 特征詞/核心詞定位法。找出題干中的特征詞，核心詞/結構作為答案線索， 在文章中找到答案相關句， 對比答案相關句的內容和問題句的內容， 判斷答案。
1.For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析： 問題句說在2005年的時間里，愛爾蘭一直是最適合人類居住的地方。 除了時間狀語結構(For 2,005 years)以外， 這個句子主句的內容與文章標題內容接近， 而時間狀語結構恰恰就是我們所說的一種可作為線索的特征結構(因為數字容易在文章中被查找到)， 我們利用2,005作為答案線索，這樣在文章中找到答案相關句：Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.劃線結構中提到的是for 2005(對2005年而言)， 不是問題句中說的For 2,005 years(在2005年的時間里)，而且劃線結構說愛爾蘭是2005年世界上最適合居住的地方 ， 顯然這個內容與問題句的內容不一致， 因此判斷問題句的說法錯誤。
典型考點： 考察文章主題句。
常見出題形式：對主題句的句子結構進行調整， 或改動主題句中出現的細節信息內容。
2.Job security is the least important measure of life quality.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：C。
分析：問題句說職業穩定是衡量生活質量的最不重要的標準。利用題干中出現的核心短語(主語)Job security/職業穩定和(表語)life quality/生活質量作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構the least important/最不重要的， 這樣找到答案相關句：
Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week.
The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.
The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls freedom, family and community life. 題干中的核心短語分散在了兩個句子中， 但是在這兩個看似與問題句相關的句子中并沒有出現比較的結構(沒有內容與題干中的修飾結構the least important呼應)， 推測這道題可能在考察考生的推斷能力。 第一個劃線句說根據上周出現在英國經濟學家雜志上的生活質量排名，愛爾蘭是2005年世界上最適合居住的地方。這句話的內容與問題句不相關，第2個劃線句說111個國家使用的標準除了包括那本雜志上提到的自由， 家庭和社會生活這方面的數據， 還涉及到了有關收入， 健康， 失業， 氣候， 政治穩定性，職業穩定， 和性別平等的數據內容。這句話表明工作穩定與收入， 健康等這些內容共同組成衡量標準， 而且前一個劃線句提到愛爾蘭在生活質量排名中位于第一位，因此可以推斷出這111個國家應該是參加生活質量排名的國家， 當然這些國家所使用的標準也就是衡量生活質量標準，但是文章中并沒有對職業穩定等這些衡量標準進行比較，沒有說哪方面的因素最重要的/最不重要的衡量標準。因此判斷這個問題句的說法為沒提到。
提示：只要問題句中有某部分信息(例如上題中的比較內容)在文章中沒有相呼應的內容， 我們就可以判定該句的內容為沒提到。
3. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：A.
分析：問題句說愛爾蘭的生活費用高。 利用題干中的核心短語(主語)Cost of living/生活費用作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構pretty high/相當高，這樣找到答案相關句：Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10. 題干的核心短語和修飾結構都出現在這個句子中， 因此判斷這個句子很可能就是直接答案相關句，該句說盡管氣候惡劣，健康機構混亂， 交通擁擠， 性別歧視仍然存在， 生活費用高，愛爾蘭所獲得的分數仍然給人留下了深刻的印象：滿分為十分,愛爾蘭獲得了8.33分。根據這個句子的內容可以知道愛爾蘭的生活費用高，因此問題句的說法與原文的說法一致。
out of: 從里頭
e.g. Choose out of these. 從這些當中選擇罷。
e.g. nine cases out of ten 十有八九
典型考點： 考察某個句子的某部分句子結構的含義。
常見出題形式：對原文句子中的某部分結構升級成一個句子(問題句)。
4. Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：C。
分析：問題句說在津巴布韋家庭生活是不穩定的。利用題干中的核心結構(主語)Family life/家庭生活和特征詞Zimbabwe/津巴布韋作為答案線索，同時關注題干中出現的修飾結構not stable(不穩定的)， 發現題干中的核心詞Family life根本就沒有在文章中出現 (文章中相關的句子：Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.)， 因為判斷該問題句為沒提到。
5. Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：A。
分析：問題句說愛爾蘭位居第一， 因為它把新時期里最理想的因素和過去的一些好的東西融合在一起。利用題干中出現的特征詞No. 1作為答案線索，同時關注問題句中出現的修飾結構the most desirable (elements)/最理想的 和some good (elements)/一些好的，這樣找到答案相關句：
Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.
That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.
Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, the report said, some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away form a positive impact.
Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. 在這個斜體句中直接出現了問題句中的一個修飾結構the most desirable，推測句子中Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)可能與題干中的特征結構愛爾蘭位居第一呼應，certain warm可能與題干中的另一個修飾結構一些好的呼應，這個句子很可能就是直接答案相關句，該句說愛爾蘭獲勝了， 因為它成功地把新時期最理想的因素和對過去某些溫暖的東西(如穩定的家庭和社會生活)的保護結合了起來。 從這個句意上看溫暖的東西 就是好的東西，所以現在只需要確認Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)就是指愛爾蘭位居第一。 在前文中我們看到愛爾蘭獲得的分數給人留下了深刻的印象(劃線句)，接著看到這使它遠遠高于第2名瑞士(劃線句)， 因此判斷原文中說的Ireland wins(愛爾蘭獲勝了)就是指愛爾蘭位居第一， 因此判斷問題句的說法正確。
典型考點：考察文章中某個重要細節句或某個總結概括句句意的理解。
常見出題形式：換詞法。
6.To measure life quality is easy.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析：問題句說衡量生活質量很容易。 利用題干中的核心結構measure life quality作為答案線索， 同時關注題干中出現的修飾詞easy，這樣找到答案相關句：The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics批評家. 該句說該雜志承認衡量生活質量不是一件直截了當的事情， 承認雜志上的數據將可能會受到批評。顯然， 該句內容表明衡量生活質量不是一件容易的事情， 因此問題句的說法錯誤。
常見考點：對文章中出現的否定句進行考察。
7. The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
答案：B。
分析：問題句說美國位于前十個國家的行列。 利用題干中的特征結構The United States of America和top 10 countries(前十個國家)作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句：The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 題干中的兩個特征結構都在這個句子中出現了，因此判斷這個句子應該是直接答案相關句， 該句說美國的人均國內生產總值排名第2， 僅位于盧森堡之后， 因此美國在這項調查中位于第13位。， 顯然問題句的說法與該句的說法不一致，因此判斷問題句錯誤。
文章中難點句子分析：
1.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness幸福levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure衡量標準 of human satisfaction舒服and well-being幸福.
ambitious: 野心勃勃的，有雄心的
attempt to do sth../..的嘗試
be based on ../根據../建立在...的基礎上
比較全世界人們的幸福程度這一雄心勃勃的嘗試所根據的原則是財富不是衡量人們是否生活舒服, 生活幸福的唯一標準.
2.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. 得到了
ahead of...領先于
manage辦理, 管理 --- try設法
3. Zimbabwe津巴布韋, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest , picking up only 3. 89 points.伴隨
troubles by political insecurity and hunger = which is troubled by political insecurity and hunger
insecurity in + security安全;安穩
rate：評價〔常用被動語態〕
picking up only 3。89 points = and picks up only 3。89 points
pick up：得到， 在半路上搭，自然學會，拾起
4. Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, 得到了很高的重視/人們很關注the report said, some of the factors associated
with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions制度and family values in part take away from a positive impact.
associated with/與相關
in part partly 部分地
positive good積極的
impact influence effect 影響
take away from減少
5.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown崩潰recorded in official statistics.
