專題七　定語(yǔ)從句 一、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇 如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系代詞who、whom、which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏狀語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系副詞why、when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子 1. Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.(2024北京) 2．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.(2024天津) 3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.(2024陜西) 4．The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2024四川) 5. Among the many dangers_________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2024江西) 6．Students should involve themselves in community activities_______ they can gain experience for growth.(2024福建) 7．He wrote a letter ________he explained what had happened in the accident.(2024江西) 8．The reason ________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 【答案】1.where 2.where 3.when　4.whose 5.that/which　6.where　7.where　8.why 二、 關(guān)系代詞that 與which 的區(qū)別 分類 規(guī)則 只用that，不用which的情況 1.先行詞是all, somebody, everything, anywhere, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞時(shí)； 2．先行詞被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)； 3．先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)； 分類 規(guī)則 只用that，不用which的情況 4．先行詞被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修飾時(shí)； 5．先行詞中既有人也有物時(shí)； 6．在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 只用which，不用that的情況 1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物時(shí)； 2．在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中且先行詞指物時(shí)。 用that或which完成下列句子 1．China Today

　　attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2024福建) 2．I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.(2024北京)

　　3．Please send us all the information _______ you have about the candidate for the position.(2024陜西) 4．I will tell you everything _______I have known about the accident. 【答案】1.which　2.which　3.that　4.that 三、關(guān)系代詞who 與whom 的區(qū)別 分類 規(guī)則 只用who不用whom的情況 當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, anyone, all, those等指人時(shí) 只用whom不用who的情況 在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，且先行詞指人時(shí) 用關(guān)系代詞who或whom完成下列句子 1．Happiness and success often come to those ________are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2024湖南) 2．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________are family members.(2024重慶) 【答案】1.who　2.whom 四、關(guān)系代詞as與which的區(qū)別 as 1.as作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．a(chǎn)s常用在下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case(通常就是這樣), as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。 as 3．“such/so…as…”意為“像……這樣……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等 which which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)，則只能位于句末 用關(guān)系代詞as或which完成下列句子。 1．The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2024江蘇) 2．Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _______ is quite unexpected.(2024四川) 3．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024, ________made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.(2024安徽) 4．________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2024陜西) 【答案】1.as　2.which　3.which　4.As 五、在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇 1．根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。

　　Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 2．根據(jù)形容詞與介詞的搭配。

　　The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John. 3．根據(jù)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.

　　4．表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”時(shí)，介詞常用of。

　　(1)在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。 (2)the＋比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前、后用of which/whom等。 根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________which school education depends.(2024安徽) 2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ________ whom are family members.(2024重慶) 3．There is a hole in the wall _______which you can see what is happening outside. 4．The local villagers take an active part in developing tourism, ________which they can make a huge profit. 5．Great changes have taken place in our hometown ________which we are all proud. 【答案】1.on/upon　2.of　3.through　4.from　5.of

　　六、way和time后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況 1．在定語(yǔ)從句中，the way在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞可以是in which, that或省略；但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。

　　2．先行詞 time作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that可省略； 當(dāng)先行詞 time作“一段時(shí)間；時(shí)代”講且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“at/during＋which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾經(jīng)，每個(gè)老師每周都有一天花費(fèi)一小時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生的每門功課進(jìn)行測(cè)試。 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成下面的句子 1．I don't like the way ________(你和你母親說(shuō)話)． 【答案】that/in which you speak to your mother 2．I think that the way _____________(你昨天使用的) was effective. 【答案】that/which you used yesterday

　　3．This was the second time _____________ (我看這部電影)． 【答案】that I had seen the film

　　專題七　定語(yǔ)從句 一、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇 如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系代詞who、whom、which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏狀語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系副詞why、when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子 1. Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.(2024北京) 2．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.(2024天津) 3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.(2024陜西) 4．The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2024四川) 5. Among the many dangers_________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2024江西) 6．Students should involve themselves in community activities_______ they can gain experience for growth.(2024福建) 7．He wrote a letter ________he explained what had happened in the accident.(2024江西) 8．The reason ________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 【答案】1.where 2.where 3.when　4.whose 5.that/which　6.where　7.where　8.why 二、 關(guān)系代詞that 與which 的區(qū)別 分類 規(guī)則 只用that，不用which的情況 1.先行詞是all, somebody, everything, anywhere, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞時(shí)； 2．先行詞被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)； 3．先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)； 分類 規(guī)則 只用that，不用which的情況 4．先行詞被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修飾時(shí)； 5．先行詞中既有人也有物時(shí)； 6．在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 只用which，不用that的情況 1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物時(shí)； 2．在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中且先行詞指物時(shí)。 用that或which完成下列句子 1．China Today

　　attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2024福建) 2．I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.(2024北京)

　　3．Please send us all the information _______ you have about the candidate for the position.(2024陜西) 4．I will tell you everything _______I have known about the accident. 【答案】1.which　2.which　3.that　4.that 三、關(guān)系代詞who 與whom 的區(qū)別 分類 規(guī)則 只用who不用whom的情況 當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, anyone, all, those等指人時(shí) 只用whom不用who的情況 在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，且先行詞指人時(shí) 用關(guān)系代詞who或whom完成下列句子 1．Happiness and success often come to those ________are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2024湖南) 2．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________are family members.(2024重慶) 【答案】1.who　2.whom 四、關(guān)系代詞as與which的區(qū)別 as 1.as作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．a(chǎn)s常用在下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case(通常就是這樣), as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。 as 3．“such/so…as…”意為“像……這樣……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等 which which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)，則只能位于句末 用關(guān)系代詞as或which完成下列句子。 1．The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2024江蘇) 2．Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _______ is quite unexpected.(2024四川) 3．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024, ________made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.(2024安徽) 4．________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2024陜西) 【答案】1.as　2.which　3.which　4.As 五、在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇 1．根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。

　　Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 2．根據(jù)形容詞與介詞的搭配。

　　The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John. 3．根據(jù)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.

　　4．表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”時(shí)，介詞常用of。

　　(1)在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。 (2)the＋比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前、后用of which/whom等。 根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________which school education depends.(2024安徽) 2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ________ whom are family members.(2024重慶) 3．There is a hole in the wall _______which you can see what is happening outside. 4．The local villagers take an active part in developing tourism, ________which they can make a huge profit. 5．Great changes have taken place in our hometown ________which we are all proud. 【答案】1.on/upon　2.of　3.through　4.from　5.of

　　六、way和time后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況 1．在定語(yǔ)從句中，the way在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞可以是in which, that或省略；但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。

　　2．先行詞 time作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that可省略； 當(dāng)先行詞 time作“一段時(shí)間；時(shí)代”講且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“at/during＋which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾經(jīng)，每個(gè)老師每周都有一天花費(fèi)一小時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生的每門功課進(jìn)行測(cè)試。 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成下面的句子 1．I don't like the way ________(你和你母親說(shuō)話)． 【答案】that/in which you speak to your mother 2．I think that the way _____________(你昨天使用的) was effective. 【答案】that/which you used yesterday

　　3．This was the second time _____________ (我看這部電影)． 【答案】that I had seen the film