【聯想·積累】

　　“sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”用法小結 (1) “sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”為固定結構，意為“人們認為(相信)……，被認為是/做……”，其中的不定式作主語補足語。常用于這種句型的動詞有say/hope/think/report/know等。動詞用被動語態，其主語為指人或物的名詞，意為“據說/希望/認為/報道/眾所周知……”。 (2)當動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前時，不定式用完成式；強調動作正在進行時，不定式用進行式。

　　(3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported...to be/do...句型可轉化為People believe/say/think/report... (that).../It is believed/said/thought/reported... that...“人們相信/說/認為/報道……”。 Ⅳ.單元語法→識記·思考·運用 條件句與混合條件句 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.If Mother __________(tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now. 2.You could answer most of the questions now if you ______________(review) the lessons last night. 3.If you had studied hard before，you ___________(be) a college student now. 4.*I didn't hear the phone.I must ____________(be) asleep. 5.*I could _____________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous. had told had reviewed would be have been have worked 【聯想·積累】 混合條件句 當條件狀語從句所表示的行為和主句所表示的行為發生的時間不一致時，這種虛擬條件句稱為錯綜時間條件句。動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。 If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now. 如果你接受了醫生的建議，你現在就會好多了。 [單 詞 點 睛] 1.seek (sought，sought)vt.尋找，尋求；追求；探求；探索；試圖

　　[高考例句](2024·重慶，閱讀B)Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses.

　　此外，商業公司尋求吸引顧客們的感官。 seek sth from sb 向某人請求/尋求某物 seek after/for sb(sth) 尋求某人(某物) seek one's fortune 尋找成功(致富)的機會 seek out 找出；尋出 seek to do sth 試圖做某事 ①They sought ________ a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.

　　他們找到了一個可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。 ②He told us that he was going to Beijing ____________ (seek)his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice ____________ his teacher and shouldn't seek ________ comfort，personal fame or gain.

　　他告訴我們他要去北京碰碰運氣，我建議他這件事情他應該請教他的老師，不要一味地貪圖安逸，追名逐利。 答案　①out　②to seek；from；after/for 2.oppose vt.& vi.反對；反抗

　　[教材原句]Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治療有很多爭議，許多人反對進一步研究。 (1)oppose doing sth 反對做某事 oppose sb's doing sth 反對某人做某事 (2)opposed adj.相反的；對立的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反對(做)某事；與(做)某事對立 ①Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to ____________ (she)marrying a boy from a poor family.

　　她那富有的父母反對她同貧寒家庭的孩子結婚。 ②We all strongly oppose ________(drive)after drinking.

　　我們都強烈反對酒后駕駛。 答案　①her　②driving 3.postpone vt.推遲；延期

　　[教材原句]I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.

　　我決定不推遲學習(就像我平常那樣！)，而是每天早上早點起床立刻開始學習。 postpone doing sth 延緩做某事，推遲做某事 postpone sth until/to...把某事推遲到…… ①We are postponing our trip ________ the weather is fine.

　　我們推遲旅行直到天氣晴好。 ②Our school has decided to postpone ________(hold)the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.

　　我們學校已決定推遲舉行運動會，因為雨太大。 答案　①to/until　②holding 4.prohibit vt.禁止，阻止

　　[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. “非典”疫潮結束后，科學家們就在做醫學實驗以預防將來再次爆發。 ①14 departments are working together ________(prohibit)the hunting of wild animals in the province.

　　14個部門正在共同努力禁止在全省獵捕野生動物。 ②Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.

　　＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people ________(use) mobile phones in some places.

　　一些人認為有必要禁止人們在一些場合使用手機。 答案　①to prohibit　②from using 【聯想歸納】類似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表達法： protect sb from...保護某人不受傷害…… 5.decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；謝絕 n.下降；衰退

　　[高考例句](2024·天津，完形)Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.

　　盡管她的描述聽起來很精彩，但這所房子的價格超出了我們的承受。因此，我們拒絕了。

　　寫出下列句中decline的詞性和含義

　　①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.

　　____________

　　②The company reported a small decline in its profits.

　　____________ ③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.

　　____________ ④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.

　　____________ (1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事 (2)decline in/of sth 在某方面減少/下降 on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 開始衰落，陷入衰退 ⑤The number of people who run the red light has been ________ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.

　　自從新的交通法規實施以來，闖紅燈的人數下降了。 ⑥The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall ________ a decline.

　　來自海外的激烈競爭導致國內棉花產業的衰退。 答案　①v.謝絕　②n.下降　③v.下降　④n.衰退　⑤on　⑥into 6.equip vt.使有準備；配備；裝備

　　[牛津例句]The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.

　　男孩們帶上火把和繩索出發了。 (1)equip...with...用……裝備…… equip...for sth/to do sth 為了……而裝備…… be equipped for/to do sth 為……裝備好；做好準備 (2)equipment [U]n.設備，設施 ①(2024·遼寧，閱讀D)Now it means a small piece of ________(equip) that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.

　　現在它意味著它是人們用來偷聽他人的談話秘密的一小件設備。 ②Your education will equip you ________ your future life.

　　你所受的教育將使你能適應今后的生活。 答案　①equipment　②for 7.submit vt.提交；遞交vi.& vt.服從，屈服

　　[教材原句] You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.

　　你本應該在6月14日提交它(文章)。 submit...to...把……提交給……；向……提出 submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服從 submit to 服從于，屈服于 ①They had to submit ________(they)to his judgement.

　　他們不得不服從他的判決。 ②He submitted ________ the headmaster's order finally that all teachers ________(submit)that report to the headmaster.

　　他最終服從了校長的命令——所有的老師都應將那份報告呈交給校長。 答案　①themselves　②to；should submit 【名師指津】　在submit...to...短語中，submit是及物動詞，意為“呈交，提交”；而在submit to 短語中，submit是不及物動詞，意為“服從，屈服”。 [短 語 點 撥] 1.at all costs 不惜代價地，無論如何

　　[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。 (1)at the cost/expense of...喪失，犧牲；以……為代價 at a cost of...以……的費用/價格 at any cost 以任何代價 (2)cost sb sth 花某人……，使某人付出/喪失 ①We are determined to obtain our rights at ________cost.

　　我們決定要不惜一切代價獲取我們的權利。 ②The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library at ________ cost of his own life，which was put up at ________ cost of one million dollars last year.

　　英雄犧牲了自己的生命從燃燒著的去年耗資100萬美元建起來的圖書館里救出了那個男孩。 答案　①any　②the；a 2.wipe out徹底毀滅；全部摧毀

　　[教材原句]Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.

　　流行病可以毀滅居住在城市的多達一半的人口。 wipe away 擦掉，清除掉

　　wipe sth off/from...從……上擦去某物 wipe down/up 徹底揩/擦干凈 ①I hastily wiped ________ the milk I had spilled.

　　我連忙把灑出來的牛奶擦干凈。 ②Your arms are my castle; your heart is my sky.They wipe ________ tears that I cry.

　　你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他們擦去我哭泣的眼淚。 答案　①up　②away [句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.

　　獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。

　　(1)It is compulsory for...為“It is＋adj./n.＋for sb to do...”結構，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式短語。此結構中for前面的形容詞是指事物怎么樣，如impossible，important等。

　　①It's important ________ you to arrive there on time.

　　重要的是你們能準時到達那兒。 (2)It is＋adj.＋of sb to do...中of前面的形容詞是指人的性質或特征，如nice，kind等。 ②It is careless ________ Kate to lose so many things.

　　凱特丟了這么多東西，真是太粗心了。 答案　①for　②of 2.[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。 (1)rather than為并列連詞，意為“而不是，與其……不如……”，這一表達方式通常用在平行結構中，連接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后兩部分在成分和形式上應當一致。 ①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than ________(complain).

　　如果你是他們中的一員，我想說改變事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。

　　(2)常用句型 ②She preferred ________(stay)at home rather than ________ (go)shopping with him.

　　她寧愿待在家里，而不愿與他去購物。 (3)rather than連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與rather than前面的詞在人稱和數上保持一致。 ③Mary，rather than you，________ (blame) for not finishing the work on time.

　　是瑪麗而不是你應為沒有按時完成工作而受責備。 答案　①complaining　②to stay；go　③is to blame

　　知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 知識運用 知識梳理 Ⅰ.核心單詞→識記·思考·運用 一、單詞拼寫 1.(2024·湖北，閱讀D) Without gravity to help __________(循環)air，the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head. 2.She is continually ___________(濫用)her position by getting other people to do things for her. 3.The ___________(根本的) cause of his success is his hard work. circulate abusing fundamental 4.*(2024·山東，10)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may ________(尋找) opportunities abroad. 5.In China we are carrying a nine-year ___________ (義務的) education movement. 6.Lacking money，they had to ___________(推遲) their plan. 7.I engaged a young woman as a ___________(臨時的) secretary. seek compulsory postpone temporary 8.They've promised a ___________(詳盡的)inquiry into the plane crash. 9.*Their position in international trade rapidly ____________(下降). 10.(2024·湖北，24)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the _____________(情況) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. thorough declined circumstances 二、用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.(2024·浙江，閱讀B)And as far as your body is ___________ (concern)，it's“use it or lose it”！ 2.From now on any ________(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished. 3.Tomorrow is the last date for _____________(submit) of entries for the competition. 4.Hard work keeps away poverty._____________(tolerate) keeps away violence. concerned violation submission Toleration 5.We __________(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone. 6.This is a modern，bright and well ___________ hospital，and its __________ is of the first level.(equip) 7.Several _____________ ___________ the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest __________ of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob) 8.As we all know，an ___________ meeting is held ___________. (annual) prohibit equipped equipment robbers

　　robbed robbery annual annually 三、開心詞場

　　It is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.They prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldn't tolerate the big noise.It was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.However，the factory didn't want to submit to the villagers. They were seeking good solutions to the matter.

　　【聯想·積累】 ?表示“尋找，搜尋”的詞匯 ①look for 尋找 ②search for 搜尋 ③seek for 尋找 ④hunt for 搜尋，尋找 ?由decline所想到的 ①表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up ②表示“減少”：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down ?詞匯拓展 ①oppose vt.反對→opposite adj.相反的；反對的 n.反義詞→opposition n.反方；對立面→opposed adj.相反的，對立的 ②faith n.信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠實的→faithfully adv.忠實地，真誠地 ③fortune n.大筆錢財；巨款 →fortunate adj.幸運的→fortunately adv.幸運地→unfortunately adv.不幸地 ④concern n.擔心，擔憂→concerned adj.擔心的；有關的→concerning prep.關于 Ⅱ.重點短語→識記·思考·運用 一、補全短語 1.*straight ________ 立刻，馬上 2.stop sth ________ its tracks 終止；消滅 3.________ any rate 無論如何；至少 4.________ random 隨便地，隨意地 5.________ all costs 不管多大代價 away in at at at 二、短語填空 wipe out；rob...of；*get down to；bring up；get through；clear up；put off；miss out；focus on；in vain

　　1.I was ____________ my wallet in front of the hotel. 2.The noise made it hard for me to ____________ my work. 3.It is raining now，but I think it will ____________ soon. 4.He will ____________ the marks with an eraser. robbed of focus on clear up wipe out 5.It's not an easy task for you to ____________ a small child on your own. 6.I tried to make his peace with her，but ____________. 7.It's time I ____________ thinking about that essay. 8.They have decided to ____________ handing in their reports. 9.Had the boy worked harder，he would have ____________ the exams. 10.I'll just read through the form again to make sure I haven't ________ anything ________. bring up in vain got down to put off got through missed out 【聯想·積累】 ?“立即，即刻”全接觸 ①immediately adv.立即，即刻 ②instantly adv.即刻，馬上 ③at once 立即 ④in no time 立刻，馬上 ⑤in a flash 即刻 ⑥right now/away 立刻 ⑦straight away 立刻 ?表示“開始/著手做某事”的短語精選 ①get down to doing sth

　　②set out to do sth ③set about doing sth

　　④settle down to sth ⑤start/begin doing/to do sth Ⅲ.經典句式→識記·思考·運用 1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(it作形式主語)

　　獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。

　　[仿寫]________________________________ a key university with such a low score.

　　這樣低的分數被重點大學錄取是不可能的。 It is impossible to be admitted to 2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than而不是)

　　人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。

　　[仿寫]As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard ____________________________.

　　作為學生，我們應當通過努力學習而非考試作弊來取得好成績。 rather than cheating in exams 3.*Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to...某人或某物被認為是……)

　　西班牙流感在18個月內使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發病的傾向為年輕力壯的而不是老年人，它被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行性傳染病。

　　[仿寫]The book ________________________________ several foreign languages.

　　這本書據說已被翻譯成了好幾種外國語言。

　　is said to have been translated into