2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法備考：比較結構（含解析）
比較結構考點
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the best
【陷阱】容易誤選D，認為最高級前要用定冠詞。
【分析】其實此題最佳答案為A，該句可視為…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意為“她唱得多好啊！我從未聽過她這么好的聲音”。請再看以下類似的實例：
He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何時候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 這只鳥真可愛，我從未見過這樣好看的鳥。
比較以下試題，情形也大致相同：
(1) “I’ve never found a better job.” “_______.”
A. I don’t think so B. Too bad
C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
答案選C，I’ve never found a better job可視為 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意為：我從來沒有找到比這份工作更好的工作，即這是我所找到的最好的工作。
(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案選 C。We couldn’t have found a better place 可視為We couldn’t have found a better place than this place，其意為“我們不可能找到一個比這個地方更好的地方”，即“這是我們所能找到的最好的地方”。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
答案選B，句意為“……我懷疑班上有沒有哪個人比他智商更高”，即“我認為他可能是班上智商最高的”。
(4) . How cold it is! We’ve never had ______ this winter.
A. the colder day B. a cold day
C. the coldest day D. a colder day
答案選D。句意為“今年冬天我們還從未遇上過這樣冷的日子”。
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more
C. better D. the most
【陷阱】容易誤選D。
【分析】此題首先不宜選B或D，因為 well known 的比較級和最高級通常是 better known和best known，有時也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是選A還是C，這就要看語境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 兩個對象，故應選比較級。
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more
C. not less D. no less
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】要做對此題，首先要正確理解以下結構的含義：
not more … than = 不如……
no more … than = 和……一樣不 (否定兩者)
not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容詞的反面)
no less … than = 和……一樣 (肯定兩者)
比較以下各句的意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔細。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔細。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一樣不仔細。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔細（你比他粗心）。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔細（你不如他粗心）。
You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一樣仔細。
通過以上分析，再結合句子語境，可知此題最佳答案為B。
4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is ____ than fat.”
A. short B. shorter
C. more short D. shortest
【陷阱】容易誤選B。認為 short為單音節形容詞，故用-er構成比較級。
【分析】其實正確答案應是C。要弄清此問題，得先從比較句型的兩種不同類型說起：
(1) 異類同質比較：即指兩個不同的人或事物(異類)在同一方面(同質)進行比較。如：
My room is smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我們的國家比他們的國家更強大。
(2) 同類異質比較：即指同一個人或事物(同類)在兩個不同的方面(異質)進行比較，這類句子常譯為“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“與其……不如……”等。如：
He was more lucky than clever.他是靠運氣而不是靠聰明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是驚訝而不是生氣。
This is more a war movie than a western. 這更應當說是一部戰爭片，而不是西部片。
按英語習慣，在進行同類異質比較時，只能用more構成比較級，不能用-er形式，即使是單音節詞也是如此。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. In my apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.
A. larger one B. the larger of which
C. the largest one D. the largest of which
2. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldn’t have been ____.”
A. better B. worse
C. more D. less
3. I’m _____ at sums than Jean, but better at history.
A. more B. less
C. worse D. cleverer
4. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic — it rained nonstop.
A. a worse B. a worst
C. the worse D. the worst
5. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can’t be bothered to think of _____.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the good
6. — Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Sorry to say I didn’t. It was ______ a meeting than a party.
A. more like B. quite like
C. less like D. more or less
7. When they arrived at the school it was raining _______ harder.
A. more B. quite
C. very D even
8. With the development of the Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.
A. less B. more
C. little D. few
9. — If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
— OK, but do you have ______ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger
C. the big D. the bigger
10. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest timeD. a much happier time
11. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.
A. twice more than B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as D. twice so much as
【答案與解析】
1. 選B，由于是兩個房間，即是兩者比較，故宜用比較級，因此排除C和D；又由于兩句之間沒有連詞，故不宜選A。注：若在空格前加上and 一詞，則要選A。
2. 選B。此題關鍵是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根據上文語境，Not at all 為 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我對他的回答一點也不滿意”，既然如此，他的回答當然會是 It couldn’t have been worse（不可能更糟）。
3. 選 C，句意為“我的算術比瓊差，但我的歷史比她強”。注意句中的轉折連詞 but 及其后的 better。
4. 選A，we couldn’t have picked a worst day 的實際意思是 it is the worst day we’ve picked。
5. 選A，a better 為 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一個更好的）是與其前文“我知道這不是一個很適合的詞”相呼應的。
6. 選A。根據空格后的than，排除B和D；根據語境，排除C。
7. 選D。more 后不能比較級，故排除A；quite 除用于quite better外，不用于修飾比較，故排除B；very 不用修飾比較級，故排除C。
8. 選A。若選B或C均不合事實；若選D，不合語法，因為few 后要接可數名詞的復數形式。
9. 選B。從句意看，空格處應填比較級bigger，因此排除A和C。選項B與D的區別是，一個用了不定冠詞，一個用了定冠詞，兩者的區別是，不定冠詞表泛指，定冠詞表特指。
10. 選D。由于是將有考試與沒有考試作比較，所以應用比較級，不用最高級，由此排除A和C。選項B的錯誤在于用了more happier這樣的雙重比較級（即more后不能再加比較級）。
11. 選B。修飾as…as的副詞應置于該結構之前。
比較結構考點
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the best
【陷阱】容易誤選D，認為最高級前要用定冠詞。
【分析】其實此題最佳答案為A，該句可視為…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意為“她唱得多好啊！我從未聽過她這么好的聲音”。請再看以下類似的實例：
He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何時候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 這只鳥真可愛，我從未見過這樣好看的鳥。
比較以下試題，情形也大致相同：
(1) “I’ve never found a better job.” “_______.”
A. I don’t think so B. Too bad
C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
答案選C，I’ve never found a better job可視為 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意為：我從來沒有找到比這份工作更好的工作，即這是我所找到的最好的工作。
(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案選 C。We couldn’t have found a better place 可視為We couldn’t have found a better place than this place，其意為“我們不可能找到一個比這個地方更好的地方”，即“這是我們所能找到的最好的地方”。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
答案選B，句意為“……我懷疑班上有沒有哪個人比他智商更高”，即“我認為他可能是班上智商最高的”。
(4) . How cold it is! We’ve never had ______ this winter.
A. the colder day B. a cold day
C. the coldest day D. a colder day
答案選D。句意為“今年冬天我們還從未遇上過這樣冷的日子”。
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more
C. better D. the most
【陷阱】容易誤選D。
【分析】此題首先不宜選B或D，因為 well known 的比較級和最高級通常是 better known和best known，有時也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是選A還是C，這就要看語境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 兩個對象，故應選比較級。
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more
C. not less D. no less
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】要做對此題，首先要正確理解以下結構的含義：
not more … than = 不如……
no more … than = 和……一樣不 (否定兩者)
not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容詞的反面)
no less … than = 和……一樣 (肯定兩者)
比較以下各句的意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔細。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔細。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一樣不仔細。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔細（你比他粗心）。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔細（你不如他粗心）。
You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一樣仔細。
通過以上分析，再結合句子語境，可知此題最佳答案為B。
4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is ____ than fat.”
A. short B. shorter
C. more short D. shortest
【陷阱】容易誤選B。認為 short為單音節形容詞，故用-er構成比較級。
【分析】其實正確答案應是C。要弄清此問題，得先從比較句型的兩種不同類型說起：
(1) 異類同質比較：即指兩個不同的人或事物(異類)在同一方面(同質)進行比較。如：
My room is smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我們的國家比他們的國家更強大。
(2) 同類異質比較：即指同一個人或事物(同類)在兩個不同的方面(異質)進行比較，這類句子常譯為“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“與其……不如……”等。如：
He was more lucky than clever.他是靠運氣而不是靠聰明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是驚訝而不是生氣。
This is more a war movie than a western. 這更應當說是一部戰爭片，而不是西部片。
按英語習慣，在進行同類異質比較時，只能用more構成比較級，不能用-er形式，即使是單音節詞也是如此。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. In my apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.
A. larger one B. the larger of which
C. the largest one D. the largest of which
2. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldn’t have been ____.”
A. better B. worse
C. more D. less
3. I’m _____ at sums than Jean, but better at history.
A. more B. less
C. worse D. cleverer
4. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic — it rained nonstop.
A. a worse B. a worst
C. the worse D. the worst
5. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can’t be bothered to think of _____.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the good
6. — Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Sorry to say I didn’t. It was ______ a meeting than a party.
A. more like B. quite like
C. less like D. more or less
7. When they arrived at the school it was raining _______ harder.
A. more B. quite
C. very D even
8. With the development of the Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.
A. less B. more
C. little D. few
9. — If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
— OK, but do you have ______ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger
C. the big D. the bigger
10. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest timeD. a much happier time
11. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.
A. twice more than B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as D. twice so much as
【答案與解析】
1. 選B，由于是兩個房間，即是兩者比較，故宜用比較級，因此排除C和D；又由于兩句之間沒有連詞，故不宜選A。注：若在空格前加上and 一詞，則要選A。
2. 選B。此題關鍵是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根據上文語境，Not at all 為 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我對他的回答一點也不滿意”，既然如此，他的回答當然會是 It couldn’t have been worse（不可能更糟）。
3. 選 C，句意為“我的算術比瓊差，但我的歷史比她強”。注意句中的轉折連詞 but 及其后的 better。
4. 選A，we couldn’t have picked a worst day 的實際意思是 it is the worst day we’ve picked。
5. 選A，a better 為 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一個更好的）是與其前文“我知道這不是一個很適合的詞”相呼應的。
6. 選A。根據空格后的than，排除B和D；根據語境，排除C。
7. 選D。more 后不能比較級，故排除A；quite 除用于quite better外，不用于修飾比較，故排除B；very 不用修飾比較級，故排除C。
8. 選A。若選B或C均不合事實；若選D，不合語法，因為few 后要接可數名詞的復數形式。
9. 選B。從句意看，空格處應填比較級bigger，因此排除A和C。選項B與D的區別是，一個用了不定冠詞，一個用了定冠詞，兩者的區別是，不定冠詞表泛指，定冠詞表特指。
10. 選D。由于是將有考試與沒有考試作比較，所以應用比較級，不用最高級，由此排除A和C。選項B的錯誤在于用了more happier這樣的雙重比較級（即more后不能再加比較級）。
11. 選B。修飾as…as的副詞應置于該結構之前。
