2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)講義：閱讀理解-世界與環(huán)境

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　　閱讀理解-世界與環(huán)境

　　1. 我們居住的地球的環(huán)境特點(diǎn)以及很多自然災(zāi)害的現(xiàn)象。

　　2. 由于人類的破壞，地球變化帶來的一些事件。

　　3. 一些提倡保護(hù)我們居住的環(huán)境，提高環(huán)保意識(shí)的各種環(huán)保行為和活動(dòng)。

　　4. 介紹一些環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品，及其帶來的好處。

　　5. 保持環(huán)境的自然、進(jìn)行有效再循環(huán)的話題。

　　·鏈接高考The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.

　　For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization, the first European to arrive was John Feam in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship, He called the island Pleasant Island.

　　However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.

　　Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸鹽) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. The company began mining the phosphate.

　　A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil Then u takes away the material it wants. Strip-mining totally destroys die land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

　　In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate

　　Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized dial they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.

　　56. What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To seek help for Nauru's problems.

　　B. To give a warning to other countries.

　　C. To show the importance of money.

　　D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.

　　57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?

　　A. Rich and powerful. B. Modem and open.

　　C. Peaceful and attractive. D. Greedy and aggressive.

　　58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from______ .

　　A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining

　　C. farming activity D. whale hunting

　　59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?

　　A. Its leaders misused the money.

　　B. It spent too much repairing the island.

　　C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.

　　D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.

　　60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?

　　A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.

　　B. The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.

　　C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.

　　D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.

　　【難度】一般

　　59.【答案】A

　　【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句和最后三句可知，Nauru的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者對(duì)金錢的錯(cuò)誤使用致使這個(gè)國家陷入了財(cái)政困難，故答案選A。

　　鏈接2. （2024北京卷）

　　“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

　　As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

　　Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

　　I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

　　This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

　　67. John Sauven holds that_____.

　　A. many people value nature too much

　　B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

　　C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities

　　D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

　　68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?

　　A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

　　B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

　　C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

　　D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

　　69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

　　A. Objective.

　　B. Disapproving.

　　C. Sceptical.

　　D. Optimistic.

　　70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP: Central Point

　　P: Point

　　Sp: Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))

　　C: Conclusion

　　【試題解析】短文在最后一段提到“This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.”。由此結(jié)合上文可知，作者對(duì)于雙方的辯論是持著客觀的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)與此相符。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】一般

　　70.【答案】D

　　【試題解析】短文在第1段提出問題，在第2段和第3段分別列出了兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，第4段作者對(duì)兩種觀點(diǎn)談了自己的看法，最后一段是全文的結(jié)論部分。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)就是短文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架。因此，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】一般

　　鏈接3.2010福建卷

　　Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

　　The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（標(biāo)識(shí)）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.

　　64．What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

　　B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

　　C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

　　D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

　　65．The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“

　　”.

　　A．a(chǎn)ffect

　　B．change

　　C．disturb

　　D．reject

　　66．According to Harry Morrison, businesses

　　A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

　　B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

　　C．a(chǎn)re required to make up for their carbon emissions

　　D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

　　67 ．We can learn from the passage that businesses will

　　A．have a strong desire to reduce costs

　　B．use the same logo in their marketing

　　C．gain advantages by taking early action

　　D．a(chǎn)ttract more shoppers by storing goods

　　分析解讀：

　　65. 很多考生認(rèn)為時(shí)今年和去年的購買對(duì)于環(huán)境的考慮發(fā)生了變化，從而選擇了B項(xiàng)，實(shí)際這是由于沒有仔細(xì)分析，僅從字面意思了解得出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。如果考生把這一段仔細(xì)解讀一下，在理解的前提下，再找一下關(guān)鍵詞匯，例如：aware of , effect 等，就會(huì)覺得affect這個(gè)選項(xiàng)好了。

　　67. 本題有不少考生選擇了A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得既然減排對(duì)企業(yè)有利，那么一些企業(yè)必然會(huì)有很大的愿望減排。實(shí)際本篇文章的第一句就表明了減排對(duì)企業(yè)是一個(gè)困難的時(shí)間，因此企業(yè)開始應(yīng)該是沒有意愿減排的，本文是來描述減排的好處，給企業(yè)以提醒的，因此選C。

　　·專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Have you ever had a great idea about how to clean up a park or start a recycling program? The Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes rewards kids who have put their ideas into action. Every year, the Barron Prize chooses ten winners nationwide who have made a positive difference to their community and the planet.

　　Stefanie Lacy, an 18-year-old from Texas, created the first successful recycling program in her town. And Whitney Boulton, an 18-year-old from New York, organized a "Stream Team" to clean up a local river.

　　When Stefanie moved from San Antonio to a small town, also in Texas, she noticed that her new town did not have a recycling program. Rather than just throwing away her trash, Stefanie decided to take action. She went to her city council and advised adding a recycling program. Then, she contacted the nearest recycling center. And after some time, she convinced it to place a bin in her town.

　　Today the program is in its fourth year. ⑤So far the program has recycled more than 459 tons of paper and saved over $22,000 in trash-disposal expenses.

　　Whitney was inspired to take action while on a walk in her town. She passed a river that her father had known as a child.

　　1. Who can win the Barron Prize?

　　A. People who have made a difference in protecting the environment

　　B. Children who often clean up a park in the neighborhood

　　C. kids who has contributed greatly to protect the environment

　　D. children who have great idea on how to protect the environment

　　2. What do you think the members of the "Stream Team" do?

　　A. They try their best to make the streets clean.

　　B. They try to prevent waste water flowing into the rivers

　　C. They manage to stop people swimming in the river

　　D. They do what they can to make the river clean

　　3. How did Stefanie start the recycling program?

　　A. Following the suggestion of the city council

　　B. With the help of city council and a recycling center

　　C. With the help of her family and her classmates

　　D. By teaming up with other volunteers

　　4. From the passage we can infer that _____.

　　A. the river was polluted in the past

　　B. few fish and other water animals lived in the river many years ago

　　C. people threw all kinds of things into the river

　　D. the river left Whitney’s father little impression

　　5. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

　　A. The recycling program

　　B. The city council

　　C. The dustbin

　　D. The recycling center

　　Have you ever thought about living in a “green” house , one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth’s resources ? Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide, using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our company’s website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.

　　⑥Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new eco-friendly design as well as cost savings.

　　The Green House shows the combination of architecture, interior-design, and environmental responsibility. Home is where going green begins – where we as individuals have the power to set a new course for a brighter future.

　　If you are interested in these "green" houses, please contact us and our company will send you more information about them .And we're sure you'll have a

　　surprise .

　　E-mail: ghouseabc@126.com

　　Phone: 3567218 / 3567219

　　Fax: 3390231

　　1. The main purpose of the passage is to

　　A. remind people to protect the environment

　　B. ask people to buy a "green" house

　　C. give a brief introduction of the "Green" house.

　　D. express the writer s own opinion about the environment

　　2. From the passage, we can learn that the Green House shows

　　A. only interior-design

　　and outer appearance of the building