★注意 在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 ⑴ 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。

　　All that we have to do is to practise every day.

　　Something that we heard was of great truth.

　　⑵ 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、the last或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾。

　　The first thing that I learned will never be

　　forgotten.

　　This is the most interesting film that I have

　　ever seen. ⑶ 先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。

　　I have read all the books that you gave me. ⑷ 先行詞被the only, the very 修飾。

　　This is the very pen that I am looking for.

　　He is the only person that I want to talk to. ⑸ 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

　　They talked of things and persons that they

　　remembered. ⑹ 當(dāng)句中已有who 或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。 Who is the man that is talking to John? ⑺ 如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了which，則另一個(gè)用that. Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen. 6. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種情況: that, in which 或不填。

　　I don’t like the way

　　you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank）

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. in which

　　D. / B 7. 在 It’s time 句型中，后面的從句也可以看成是定語從句，通常有下面幾種句型。

　　It is (high / about) time that 主語 + 過去式

　　It is 序數(shù)詞 time that 主語 + 謂語

　　(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

　　(

　　)

　　It is high time that I _______to do the physics homework. A. go

　　B. went C. shall go

　　D. have gone

　　(

　　)

　　It is the first time _____ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which B A 8．one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that +復(fù)數(shù)謂語

　　the (only) one of +

　　復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/which/that +單數(shù)謂語 She is one of the students who ____ praised at

　　the meeting yesterday.

　　A. was

　　B. were

　　C. is D. are He is the only one of the students who _____a

　　winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A. is

　　B. are C. have been D. has been B D 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：

　　1、由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 定語從句在修飾一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),常用where引導(dǎo)。 A book office is a place where tickets are sold. Where 在從句中做狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語。在本句中相當(dāng)于in which，所以此句可以改為： A book office is a place in which tickets are sold. 因此定語從句中關(guān)系副詞where= 介詞 +which . 2、定語從句在修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，常用when 引導(dǎo)。 I still remember the year when we studied together. When在從句中時(shí)間狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”

　　I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together. I still remember the year in which we studied together.

　　This is the house where he lives. = This is the house ___________he lives. = This is the house __________he lives in. in which (which/that) 3、由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 ①關(guān)系副詞why 的先行詞只有reason , 在從句中表示原因狀語。 Do you know the reason why I left early? Why 在從句中作原因狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于for which . Do you know the reason _____________I left early? ②但如果關(guān)系詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作賓語時(shí)仍用that/which . The reason ___________ he gave us was unacceptable. for which that/which 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。 在定語從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看它們在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定，有時(shí)同一個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻不同。 1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets.

　　This is the factory where my father once worked.

　　(in which) 2.I’ll never forget the day that / which we spent

　　together in the countryside.

　　I’ll never forget the day when his house was

　　broken into.

　　(on which)

　　介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句多用于正式文體中，這樣的關(guān)系代詞主要是which, whom ,

　　whose . This is the house in which my grandfather once lived . The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week . This is the man from whom I learn the news. 注意：

　　①這類句子中的介詞也可以放在從句的末尾，這時(shí) 關(guān)系代詞可省略。

　　This is the person (whom) you are going to work

　　with . ②如何選用結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞 ⑴根據(jù)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配

　　on which I spent five Yuan .

　　for which I paid five Yuan

　　This is the book

　　from which I learnt a lot

　　in which there are few new words

　　about which Tom often talks

　　⑵根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣

　　the day on which I joined the league. I still remember

　　the days during which I lived in the

　　country.

　　the years in which I

　　stayed there. 四、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句: ⑴ as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，并在從句中做主語、表語和狀語，構(gòu)成the same… as, such … as等結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

　　I shall do it in the same way as you did.

　　I like the same book as you do. ⑵ as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語。在從句中做主語、表語或賓語，這個(gè)定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。

　　The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.

　　As is known to all, he studies very hard.

　　As we all know, China is a developing country. 常用于這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 注意：which 和 as 的區(qū)別是： ①which不能放在句首，而as則可以；②在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 沒有。 下列每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請找出并改正。

　　1．They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later．

　　2．Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？

　　3．Is this the farm where you visited the other day？

　　4．Is this factory which you visited last week？

　　5．I want to buy the same dictionary that you have．

　　____ that ____ that ____ that ____ as 鞏固練習(xí)： Finally the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police. Which

　　B. what

　　C. whatever

　　D. that 2.

　　He told me all ________ he knew. which B. what

　　C. that

　　D. how 3.

　　He was very rude to the Customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse. who

　　B. whom

　　C. what

　　D. which √ √ √ 4. Is the river _____ through that town very large? which flows

　　B. flows

　　C. that flowing

　　D. whose flows 5. The most important thing____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______I have said.

　　A. which; that

　　B. that; which

　　C. which; which

　　D. that; that

　　6. The songs _______ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded ______ A. /, beautifully

　　B. that ,wonderfully

　　C. which , well

　　D./, nice

　　√ √ √ 7. The result of the experiment was very good, _____we hadn’t expected. A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what 8.

　　You may keep any _____ you find．

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．whom 9.

　　In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person______ she could turn for help. to whom

　　B. who C. from whom D. that 10. The Great Wall is the last place ____Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. where B. which

　　C. /

　　D. what √ √ √ √ 11.They study in a small classroom _____ floor is broken．

　　A．whose

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．that 12. Next Sunday is the only day _____ he can spare to join us．

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．on which 13. He isn't the man _____ he used to be．

　　A．that

　　B．whom

　　C．who

　　D．which 14. Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black．

　　A．which

　　B．which of

　　C．its

　　D．whose √ √ √ √ 15.Through practice we can learn a lot _____ can not_____ from books．

　　A．which；be learned

　　B．that；learn

　　C．which；learn

　　D．that；be learned √ 4．Is this factory which you visited last week？ This is factory which you visited last week. This factory is which you visited last week. This is the factory which you visited last week. Is this the factory which you visited last week? This factory is the one which you visited

　　last week. Is this factory the one which you visited

　　last week?

　　② which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

　　I have lost my pen, which I like very

　　much.

　　She was awarded a gold medal, which the

　　whole family considered a great honor.

　　She is always late for class, which makes

　　the teacher angry. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 和先行詞關(guān)系密切（刪去影響整個(gè)意思表達(dá)） 和先行詞關(guān)系不密切（一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪去不影響全句意思的表達(dá)） 不用逗號(hào)隔開 一般用逗號(hào)隔開 可用關(guān)系代詞that 不可用關(guān)系代詞that 關(guān)系代詞可省略（但在從句中作賓語） 關(guān)系代詞不可以省略 只可修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 除修飾先行詞還可以修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分 暗示被修飾的先行詞不是唯一的 表示被修飾的先行詞是唯一的 翻譯時(shí)先翻譯從句在翻譯主句 翻譯時(shí)先譯主句再譯從句 People who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整) I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個(gè)) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)姐姐，她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。(只有一個(gè)姐姐) ? Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快，這是很危險(xiǎn)的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。(which指整個(gè)主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我們的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行詞為專有名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾)

　　Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父親很有錢，希望她出國學(xué)習(xí)。(先行詞為表獨(dú)一無二意義的普通名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾) 1.

　　I have lost the pen which I like very much.（暗示不 止一個(gè)）

　　I have lost the pen, which I like very much.（暗示只 有一支鋼筆） 2.

　　I have two sisters, who are both students.

　　→ I have two sisters, both of whom are students. 4.

　　This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a

　　teachers’ desk. 5.

　　His father who is in Beijing will return to

　　Yancheng

　　next week.(×)

　　His father ,who is in Beijing ,will return to

　　Yancheng next week.(√) Attributive clauses What is attributive? A

　　lovely girl Something new

　　the boy in white

　　1. The girl _______ is sitting in the chair is a good singer. 2. The skirt __________ Mary bought two years ago is old. 3. Is this the novel __________ you introduced to me? 4. Where is the boy _______ broke the window? 5. Luckily none of the people_________ I know were killed in the earthquake. who/that which/that that/which who/that who/whom Attributive Clause（定語從句） 概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

　　He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 定語從句 先行詞 引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)詞 關(guān)系代詞 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose 關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why 注意：

　　1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要

　　充當(dāng)句子成分。

　　2 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。

　　3 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致。

　　4 定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。

　　5 非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。 關(guān)系詞 先行詞所指 關(guān)系詞在句中作用

　　關(guān)系 代詞 that 人/物 主、賓、表 which 物 主、賓、 who 人 主、賓 whom 人 賓 whose 人/物 定 as 人/物/事情 主、賓、表 關(guān)系 副詞 when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語 where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語 why 原因 原因狀語

　　關(guān)系詞的作用：

　　1、連接作用

　　把主句和從句連接起來

　　2、替代作用

　　在從句中代替在它前面

　　的先行詞

　　3、成分作用

　　在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分 例 1. The man __________ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher. that/who 指人: that/who (主語) 例2: The boy_________________ the nurse is looking after is my friend. (who/whom/that) 指人: who/whom/that(賓語,可省略) 例3: The car________________ is red was damaged yesterday. that/which 指物: that/which (主語) 例4: The question_______________ I don’t understand is about grammar. (that/which) 指物: that/which (賓語,可省略) Titanic is the ship ___________sank after

　　hitting an iceberg. which/that __________ Ye Xin is a nurse

　　died in the fight

　　against SARS.

　　a nurse/ die in the fight against SARS who/that

　　It used to be a small town. It is no longer a small town. =It is no longer the small town that it used to be.(作表語） Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. ??? = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. ??? = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 ??? = Our hometown is not what it used to be.

　　{ Which woman is a teacher? The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.

　　The boys are from Grade one.

　　The boys are playing basketball.

　　The boys

　　are from Grade One. who/that are playing basketball The boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball. 2.

　　The nurse is kind.

　　The nurse looks after my sister.

　　The nurse

　　is kind. who/that looks after my sister 3.

　　We watched the play “ Teahouse”.

　　The play was written by Lao She. We watched the play “teahouse”

　　which/that was written by Lao She. 4.The young man is a famous writer.

　　You saw the young man yesterday.

　　The young man

　　is a famous writer.

　　whom/who/that you saw yesterday 5.This is the house.

　　Lu Xun once lived in the house.

　　This is the house

　　which/that Lu Xun once lived in. 6.

　　Where is the girl?

　　You talked with her last Sunday. Where is the girl

　　who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday?

　　關(guān)系代詞的用法： 一、由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 who用作主語，whom用作賓語，whose用作定語。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which

　　This is the man who helped me.

　　The doctor whom you are looking for is in the

　　Room2E

　　Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt,

　　was quickly taken to hospital. Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt. Her We shall make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have told you. We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story. her Which house is mine? 房頂是棕色的房子是我的。 The house

　　is mine. whose roof is brown My house I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad. I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad. Have you seen my book? The book’s cover is red. Have you seen my book whose cover is red. whose 在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞 與 whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與 of which 互換使用。指人時(shí)可用of whom. This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which is blue.