十五、倒裝句

　　類(lèi)型 情況 例句

　　部分倒裝部分倒裝是把be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子中沒(méi)有這些詞,要在主語(yǔ)之前加助動(dòng)詞do/does /did等,而把原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成原形放在主語(yǔ)之后。句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。

　　這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never, neither, nor, little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner, not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等Not a word did I say to him.

　　Never have I found him so happy.

　　Little does he care about what I said.

　　I can’t swim. Neither can he.

　　No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

　　Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.

　　only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首,要部分倒裝Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介詞短語(yǔ))

　　Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副詞)

　　Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (從句)注意:如果only后面不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝。OnlyWang Ling knows this.

　　so或so引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首,要部分倒裝I saw the film, so did she.

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

　　“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝“Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝 Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.

　　但not only...but also...連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),不倒裝。Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

　　Not until放在句首,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝 Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (簡(jiǎn)單句)

　　Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (復(fù)合句)

　　as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me.Tired as he was, he kept on running.

　　Tired though he was, he kept on running.

　　=Though he was tired,he kept on running

　　Child as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前沒(méi)有冠詞a)

　　在以often, well, many a time, now and again

　　等方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) Many a time has John given me good advice.

　　Often have we made that test.

　　were,

　　had 和should這三個(gè)詞是，可省去if，將

　　這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。 Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

　　Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

　　Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed!

　　完全倒裝There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等There stood a dog before him.

　　There exist different opinions on this question.

　　“Here,There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主語(yǔ)” 結(jié)構(gòu)

　　說(shuō)明:本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而前一句型中的there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身沒(méi)意義Here comes the old lady!

　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

　　There comes the bus.

　　Now comes your turn.

　　除了then引導(dǎo)的句子用過(guò)去式以外,其余的均用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一種生動(dòng)的描述。其次,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞,就不用倒裝。

　　Here you are.

　　There she comes.

　　表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。In came Mr White.

　　Up went the arrow into the air.

　　Away went the boy.

　　表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首時(shí),要全部倒裝On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.

　　In front of the classroom is a playground.

　　They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.

　　其它形式的完全倒裝 Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.（形容詞短語(yǔ)）

　　Such was the story he told me.（代詞）

　　East of the city lies a new railway. (副詞短語(yǔ))

　　First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短語(yǔ))

　　Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. (過(guò)去分詞)

　　Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 Long live the People’s Republic of China!

　　十五、倒裝句

　　類(lèi)型 情況 例句

　　部分倒裝部分倒裝是把be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子中沒(méi)有這些詞,要在主語(yǔ)之前加助動(dòng)詞do/does /did等,而把原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成原形放在主語(yǔ)之后。句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。

　　這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never, neither, nor, little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner, not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等Not a word did I say to him.

　　Never have I found him so happy.

　　Little does he care about what I said.

　　I can’t swim. Neither can he.

　　No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

　　Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.

　　only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首,要部分倒裝Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介詞短語(yǔ))

　　Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副詞)

　　Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (從句)注意:如果only后面不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝。OnlyWang Ling knows this.

　　so或so引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首,要部分倒裝I saw the film, so did she.

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

　　“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝“Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝 Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.

　　但not only...but also...連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),不倒裝。Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

　　Not until放在句首,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝 Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (簡(jiǎn)單句)

　　Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (復(fù)合句)

　　as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me.Tired as he was, he kept on running.

　　Tired though he was, he kept on running.

　　=Though he was tired,he kept on running

　　Child as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前沒(méi)有冠詞a)

　　在以often, well, many a time, now and again

　　等方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) Many a time has John given me good advice.

　　Often have we made that test.

　　were,

　　had 和should這三個(gè)詞是，可省去if，將

　　這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。 Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

　　Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

　　Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 May you succeed!

　　完全倒裝There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等There stood a dog before him.

　　There exist different opinions on this question.

　　“Here,There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主語(yǔ)” 結(jié)構(gòu)

　　說(shuō)明:本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而前一句型中的there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身沒(méi)意義Here comes the old lady!

　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

　　There comes the bus.

　　Now comes your turn.

　　除了then引導(dǎo)的句子用過(guò)去式以外,其余的均用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一種生動(dòng)的描述。其次,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞,就不用倒裝。

　　Here you are.

　　There she comes.

　　表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。In came Mr White.

　　Up went the arrow into the air.

　　Away went the boy.

　　表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ) (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首時(shí),要全部倒裝On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.

　　In front of the classroom is a playground.

　　They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.

　　其它形式的完全倒裝 Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.（形容詞短語(yǔ)）

　　Such was the story he told me.（代詞）

　　East of the city lies a new railway. (副詞短語(yǔ))

　　First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短語(yǔ))

　　Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. (過(guò)去分詞)

　　Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子里 Long live the People’s Republic of China!