全國職稱英語考試綜合類C級課堂筆記閱讀判斷第1講
前言
閱讀判斷出題特點：
閱讀判斷題：Thanksgiving with the Watsons
閱讀判斷題：A pay raise or not?
Attached materials:
From Thanksgiving with the Watsons
Most American traditions are not really American. But Thanksgiving(感恩節)is different because it started in America.
..Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them, and because he cannot go to his parents home in Chicago.
From A pay raise or not?
Unless I get a raise, Ill have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley, George Strong said to himself.
小結：在閱讀判斷題部分綜合C的考題通常都與社會或文化相關，文章語言難度略低于閱讀理解題部分，文章通常選取的是職稱英語用書外的文章，主題較容易理解。
閱讀判斷題型介紹：
閱讀判斷是一篇長度為300-450詞的短文的閱讀文章。閱讀判斷題實際上是要求考生確認和判斷所給文章中的一些事實，并能根據文章中的某些句子進行歸納和推斷。閱讀判斷題型是閱讀理解題的一種變形：從問題所涉及到的范圍來說，這兩種題型實際上是一樣的 -- 都是或屬于關于文章主題方面的問題，或涉及到文章中具體細節的查找，確認和判斷。但因為這兩種題型的問題表現形式不同：閱讀理解是以提問 --找答案的形式出現，而閱讀判斷要求考生判斷問題句說法正確，錯誤或沒提到，所以從出題形式來說閱讀判斷題的難度還相對來說增加了。實際上在解答閱讀判斷題中經常出現的一個問題是：很多考生在對錯誤和沒提到這兩個選項總覺得有一些模糊性，而這也增加了閱讀判斷題的難度。但是閱讀判斷的文章難度往往低于閱讀理解文章的難度，而且文章主題也往往較輕松，所以這部分考題并不可怕，我們完全可以按照通常解答閱讀理解題的方法去解答閱讀判斷題。
閱讀判斷題解題思路：
1.借助文章主題和/或文章開頭/結尾處句子確認文章中心;
2.認真讀題，借助題目確認問題中隱含的線索詞/特征詞，并注意識別題目中的關鍵詞;
3.借助題目中的線索詞/關鍵詞在文章中查找和確認答案相關句;
4.對比答案相關句的句意和問題句的句意確認答案;
注：答案沒提到通常在一篇文章中出現在2個左右的問題上，而且判斷沒提到的原則是答案相關句的句意和問題句不矛盾，而且兩者之間是完全不相關，或不完全相關
本講教學目的
通過閱讀判斷題的解題方法的講解向考生介紹解答這種問題的有效方法，并在解題過程中講解文章中出現的句法結構，以幫助考生回憶和復習英文中的常見語法點。
例題解析：
閱讀判斷(每題1分，共七分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not assemble primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
練習：
1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1.文章題目分析，抓住文章中心和文章中的核心詞;
American Sports
2. 直接看問題判斷答案。注意利用題干中的信息(核心詞，特征詞)在文章中快速查找相關信息，注意沒提到和錯誤的判別。
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構Hunting and fishing和特征結構men, young and old作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation(娛樂) anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal(季節性的), so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
發現答案相關句中并沒有提到men, young and old，且根據該相關句及相鄰句子的句意不能推導出也不能反駁問題句的句意，所以該句的說法為沒提到。
補充：
favor vt. n. 贊同，幫助;促進偏袒;偏愛
e.g. May I ask you a favor? 我可以請您幫個忙嗎?
in favor of贊成;支持
e.g. I am in favor of stopping work now. 我贊成現在停止工作。
a variety of adj.多種的
exceed vt.超過，超出
e.g. The cost will not exceed $50. 費用不會超過50美元。
e.g. The results of the competition exceeded our expectations.比賽的結果比我們預料的好。
Anywhere adv. 在什么地方;在任何地方
e.g. Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去沒去過什么地方?
e.g. Sit anywhere you like.隨便坐哪兒都成。
2 Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構和特征結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer(對應the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.), and professional baseball teams play well into the fall(對應play for a long period of time in the fall).
判斷該句的句意與問題句的句意一致，該題主要是考察well into the fall結構的含義。
補充：
Into: prep: to a point within the limits of a period of time or extent of space/達到一段時間或一定空間限制之間的程度
e.g. well into the week.到一周周末
look into v.窺視, 瀏覽, 觀察
go into v.進入, 加入, 探究
enter into v.進入, 參加, 成為...一部分
throughout adv., prep. 各處，到處;遍及;從頭到尾;全部時間
e.g. He is famous throughout the world. 他聞名于世界。
e.g. It rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
3 Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).
判斷該句的句意與問題句的句意一致， 因此該問題句的說法正確。
4 Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.(第一段最后一句)
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded (有襯墊的)uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
該題考察考生的推斷能力：既然最大的足球體育館能容納下80，000觀眾，那么根據spectator sports(觀賞性運動)的定義，足球應該是spectator sports。
補充：
Originate: v. 開始;使開始 (A級詞匯)
e.g. All theories originate from / in practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理論都來源于實踐,反過來又為實踐服務。
Seat: v. 供給座位擁有或為提供座位
e.g. We can seat 300 in the auditorium.我們這個禮堂可容納三百人
dressed in: 穿著。。的衣服
rough adj.粗糙的;崎嶇不平的; 狂暴的，洶涌的(風雨、海水等);粗略的(計劃、估算等); 起草稿用的(紙); 倒霉的;難熬的
a rough road 一條崎嶇不平的路
The sea was rough in the storm. 大海在風暴中波濤洶涌。
a rough drawing 草圖
to have a very rough time 度過一段難熬時期;吃苦頭
5 Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
該相關句的說法與問題句的說法不一致(主要是理由的稱述方面不一致)，所以判斷問題句的說法不正確。
補充：
Prefer: v. (常與to連用)更喜歡;寧愿
e.g. prefer coffee to tea 喜歡咖啡勝過茶
e.g. Which of these two dresses do you prefer?
6 Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
發現該句的說法與問題句的說法不一致，但又不能因此而判斷問題句的說法錯誤。
7 Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Other spectator sports include wrestling(摔交), boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys (職業賽馬騎師)who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not assemble primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
根據相關句群的句意發現問題句的說法與這些相關句的說法一致，因此問題句的說法正確
補充：
assemble vt. vi集合;聚集; 裝配
e.g. All the people assembled at Marys house.
所有的人都聚集在瑪麗的屋子里。
Synonyms: collect, crowd, gather
outcome n.結果, 成果
synonyms: conclusion, consequence, effect, result
primarily adv.首先，主要地
bet v. 打賭
e.g. I bet our team will win.我敢斷定我們隊準能獲勝。
e.g. He bet me ￡1 that the school team would win.
他認為校隊會贏，和我打一英鎊的賭。
bet on/upon v. 打賭
前言
閱讀判斷出題特點：
閱讀判斷題：Thanksgiving with the Watsons
閱讀判斷題：A pay raise or not?
Attached materials:
From Thanksgiving with the Watsons
Most American traditions are not really American. But Thanksgiving(感恩節)is different because it started in America.
..Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them, and because he cannot go to his parents home in Chicago.
From A pay raise or not?
Unless I get a raise, Ill have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley, George Strong said to himself.
小結：在閱讀判斷題部分綜合C的考題通常都與社會或文化相關，文章語言難度略低于閱讀理解題部分，文章通常選取的是職稱英語用書外的文章，主題較容易理解。
閱讀判斷題型介紹：
閱讀判斷是一篇長度為300-450詞的短文的閱讀文章。閱讀判斷題實際上是要求考生確認和判斷所給文章中的一些事實，并能根據文章中的某些句子進行歸納和推斷。閱讀判斷題型是閱讀理解題的一種變形：從問題所涉及到的范圍來說，這兩種題型實際上是一樣的 -- 都是或屬于關于文章主題方面的問題，或涉及到文章中具體細節的查找，確認和判斷。但因為這兩種題型的問題表現形式不同：閱讀理解是以提問 --找答案的形式出現，而閱讀判斷要求考生判斷問題句說法正確，錯誤或沒提到，所以從出題形式來說閱讀判斷題的難度還相對來說增加了。實際上在解答閱讀判斷題中經常出現的一個問題是：很多考生在對錯誤和沒提到這兩個選項總覺得有一些模糊性，而這也增加了閱讀判斷題的難度。但是閱讀判斷的文章難度往往低于閱讀理解文章的難度，而且文章主題也往往較輕松，所以這部分考題并不可怕，我們完全可以按照通常解答閱讀理解題的方法去解答閱讀判斷題。
閱讀判斷題解題思路：
1.借助文章主題和/或文章開頭/結尾處句子確認文章中心;
2.認真讀題，借助題目確認問題中隱含的線索詞/特征詞，并注意識別題目中的關鍵詞;
3.借助題目中的線索詞/關鍵詞在文章中查找和確認答案相關句;
4.對比答案相關句的句意和問題句的句意確認答案;
注：答案沒提到通常在一篇文章中出現在2個左右的問題上，而且判斷沒提到的原則是答案相關句的句意和問題句不矛盾，而且兩者之間是完全不相關，或不完全相關
本講教學目的
通過閱讀判斷題的解題方法的講解向考生介紹解答這種問題的有效方法，并在解題過程中講解文章中出現的句法結構，以幫助考生回憶和復習英文中的常見語法點。
例題解析：
閱讀判斷(每題1分，共七分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not assemble primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
練習：
1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1.文章題目分析，抓住文章中心和文章中的核心詞;
American Sports
2. 直接看問題判斷答案。注意利用題干中的信息(核心詞，特征詞)在文章中快速查找相關信息，注意沒提到和錯誤的判別。
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構Hunting and fishing和特征結構men, young and old作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation(娛樂) anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal(季節性的), so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
發現答案相關句中并沒有提到men, young and old，且根據該相關句及相鄰句子的句意不能推導出也不能反駁問題句的句意，所以該句的說法為沒提到。
補充：
favor vt. n. 贊同，幫助;促進偏袒;偏愛
e.g. May I ask you a favor? 我可以請您幫個忙嗎?
in favor of贊成;支持
e.g. I am in favor of stopping work now. 我贊成現在停止工作。
a variety of adj.多種的
exceed vt.超過，超出
e.g. The cost will not exceed $50. 費用不會超過50美元。
e.g. The results of the competition exceeded our expectations.比賽的結果比我們預料的好。
Anywhere adv. 在什么地方;在任何地方
e.g. Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去沒去過什么地方?
e.g. Sit anywhere you like.隨便坐哪兒都成。
2 Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構和特征結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer(對應the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.), and professional baseball teams play well into the fall(對應play for a long period of time in the fall).
判斷該句的句意與問題句的句意一致，該題主要是考察well into the fall結構的含義。
補充：
Into: prep: to a point within the limits of a period of time or extent of space/達到一段時間或一定空間限制之間的程度
e.g. well into the week.到一周周末
look into v.窺視, 瀏覽, 觀察
go into v.進入, 加入, 探究
enter into v.進入, 參加, 成為...一部分
throughout adv., prep. 各處，到處;遍及;從頭到尾;全部時間
e.g. He is famous throughout the world. 他聞名于世界。
e.g. It rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
3 Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球).
判斷該句的句意與問題句的句意一致， 因此該問題句的說法正確。
4 Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.(第一段最后一句)
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded (有襯墊的)uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
該題考察考生的推斷能力：既然最大的足球體育館能容納下80，000觀眾，那么根據spectator sports(觀賞性運動)的定義，足球應該是spectator sports。
補充：
Originate: v. 開始;使開始 (A級詞匯)
e.g. All theories originate from / in practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理論都來源于實踐,反過來又為實踐服務。
Seat: v. 供給座位擁有或為提供座位
e.g. We can seat 300 in the auditorium.我們這個禮堂可容納三百人
dressed in: 穿著。。的衣服
rough adj.粗糙的;崎嶇不平的; 狂暴的，洶涌的(風雨、海水等);粗略的(計劃、估算等); 起草稿用的(紙); 倒霉的;難熬的
a rough road 一條崎嶇不平的路
The sea was rough in the storm. 大海在風暴中波濤洶涌。
a rough drawing 草圖
to have a very rough time 度過一段難熬時期;吃苦頭
5 Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
該相關句的說法與問題句的說法不一致(主要是理由的稱述方面不一致)，所以判斷問題句的說法不正確。
補充：
Prefer: v. (常與to連用)更喜歡;寧愿
e.g. prefer coffee to tea 喜歡咖啡勝過茶
e.g. Which of these two dresses do you prefer?
6 Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構(黑體部分)作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
發現該句的說法與問題句的說法不一致，但又不能因此而判斷問題句的說法錯誤。
7 Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用題干中的核心結構作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：
Other spectator sports include wrestling(摔交), boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys (職業賽馬騎師)who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not assemble primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
根據相關句群的句意發現問題句的說法與這些相關句的說法一致，因此問題句的說法正確
補充：
assemble vt. vi集合;聚集; 裝配
e.g. All the people assembled at Marys house.
所有的人都聚集在瑪麗的屋子里。
Synonyms: collect, crowd, gather
outcome n.結果, 成果
synonyms: conclusion, consequence, effect, result
primarily adv.首先，主要地
bet v. 打賭
e.g. I bet our team will win.我敢斷定我們隊準能獲勝。
e.g. He bet me ￡1 that the school team would win.
他認為校隊會贏，和我打一英鎊的賭。
bet on/upon v. 打賭
