The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

　　You hear this:No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. You feel sad:l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do? Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

　　Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, 80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.

　　How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers wam that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result In normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non - obese people.

　　Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 t0 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

　　This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to pusb the weight back to the range it seeks.

　　36. The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determinede by __________.

　　A. Our eating habit

　　B. Our life style

　　C. Our work habit

　　D. Our genes

　　37. In Jules Hirschs study, the subjects __________.

　　A. showed no health problem

　　B. gained weight rapidly

　　C. were all very short

　　D. lived only on liquid food

　　38. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people __________.

　　A. attempted suicide

　　B. were back to normal weight

　　C. went mad

　　D. followed the advice of Hirschs

　　39. In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to__________.

　　A. stay in prison

　　B. eat as much as they could

　　C. battle their genetic inheritance

　　D. lower their weight

　　40. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Each person wants to eat to his hearts content.

　　B. Each. person has a weight range of 9kg.

　　C. Each person has a natural weight range.

　　D. Each person wants to control his weight.

　　參考答案：

　　36.D [解析]第一段的后面一句話提到Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight由此可知是你的基因而非生活習慣決定你的體重。

　　37.D[解析]第三段中說到研究人員給參加實驗的八位胖子每天提供只含600卡路里的流質食物。

　　38.B [解析]通過第三段But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.可以看出他們的體重最終又恢復到原來的狀態，所以選B。

　　39.B [解析]文章第四段講研究人員如何讓瘦人增加體重。Ethan Sims從犯人中招募志愿者，讓他們增加體重的辦法就是讓他們吃盡可能多的食物。

　　40.C [解析]文章最后一段，科學家們的發現證明了他們認為是正確的想法，即each person has a comfortable weight range，這個幅度可能是9公斤，但并非每個人都是同樣的幅度，所以可以否定干擾項B。

　　參考譯文

　　減肥的最佳途徑

　　看你，就知道吃，難怪你這么胖。當你聽到這樣的話時，你會感到萬分沮喪，心想：我不吃早餐也不吃晚飯，而且早晚跑步。我還能怎么辦呢?對此，你基本上無能為力。因為是你的基因而不是你的生活習慣決定了你的體重，而且你的身體其實一直在努力維持著某個體重。

　　賓夕法尼亞大學的Albert Stunkard從實驗中發現并指出：如果父母肥胖，那他們的孩子有80%也將肥胖，相比之下，如果父母的體重正常，他們的子女體重超標的可能性不超過14%。

　　那么，肥胖者如何才能通過節食使體重恢復正常甚至變瘦呢?自然，節食是有效的，但是，為此付出的健康代價卻是巨大的。洛克菲勒大學的醫學研究員 Jules Hirsch曾經做過一項針對8名肥胖者的實驗。給予他們一種流食配方，每天給他們提供600卡的能量。十多周后，被調查對象平均減重45公斤。但是在他們離開醫院以后，他們的體重又回升了。實驗結果令人吃驚：通過干預身體的新陳代謝，減重的肥胖者過著挨餓一般的生活。他們的精神狀態不佳，夢想著食物或打破這種飲食規定。他們精神緊張、壓抑，有些人甚至有自殺傾向。他們在自己房間里收藏食物。研究人員警告說，體重的減輕有可能不會帶來正常的體重，它的結果有可能類似于一個正常體重者挨餓之后的非正常身體狀況。

　　體重過輕的人則遭受著相反的痛苦：他們得努力增加體重。Vermont大學的 Ethan Sims曾經在犯人中選取志愿者做增加體重的實驗。在4到6個月里，他們吃下盡可能多的食物。結果，他們的體重都增加了20%到25%。但是實驗結束數月之后，他們的體重又回到了正常水平，并且基本保持穩定。

　　這并不意味著人們對控制體重毫無辦法。如果那些天生肥胖的人想減肥，那么他們將要不懈地與自己的基因做斗爭。同時，這些實驗結果為科學家認可的某個真理提供了佐證--每個人都有一個適合的體重范圍，這個范圍大概是9公斤。有些人可能在順其自然的條件下就保持60到69公斤的體重，但是減輕或者增加體重卻是比較困難的。身體會通過饑餓或者飽脹的感覺，并通過調節新陳代謝促使體重回到那個范圍。

　　The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

　　You hear this:No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. You feel sad:l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do? Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

　　Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, 80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese,as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.

　　How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers wam that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result In normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non - obese people.

　　Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months,they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 t0 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

　　This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to pusb the weight back to the range it seeks.

　　36. The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determinede by __________.

　　A. Our eating habit

　　B. Our life style

　　C. Our work habit

　　D. Our genes

　　37. In Jules Hirschs study, the subjects __________.

　　A. showed no health problem

　　B. gained weight rapidly

　　C. were all very short

　　D. lived only on liquid food

　　38. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people __________.

　　A. attempted suicide

　　B. were back to normal weight

　　C. went mad

　　D. followed the advice of Hirschs

　　39. In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to__________.

　　A. stay in prison

　　B. eat as much as they could

　　C. battle their genetic inheritance

　　D. lower their weight

　　40. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Each person wants to eat to his hearts content.

　　B. Each. person has a weight range of 9kg.

　　C. Each person has a natural weight range.

　　D. Each person wants to control his weight.

　　參考答案：

　　36.D [解析]第一段的后面一句話提到Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight由此可知是你的基因而非生活習慣決定你的體重。

　　37.D[解析]第三段中說到研究人員給參加實驗的八位胖子每天提供只含600卡路里的流質食物。

　　38.B [解析]通過第三段But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.可以看出他們的體重最終又恢復到原來的狀態，所以選B。

　　39.B [解析]文章第四段講研究人員如何讓瘦人增加體重。Ethan Sims從犯人中招募志愿者，讓他們增加體重的辦法就是讓他們吃盡可能多的食物。

　　40.C [解析]文章最后一段，科學家們的發現證明了他們認為是正確的想法，即each person has a comfortable weight range，這個幅度可能是9公斤，但并非每個人都是同樣的幅度，所以可以否定干擾項B。

　　參考譯文

　　減肥的最佳途徑

　　看你，就知道吃，難怪你這么胖。當你聽到這樣的話時，你會感到萬分沮喪，心想：我不吃早餐也不吃晚飯，而且早晚跑步。我還能怎么辦呢?對此，你基本上無能為力。因為是你的基因而不是你的生活習慣決定了你的體重，而且你的身體其實一直在努力維持著某個體重。

　　賓夕法尼亞大學的Albert Stunkard從實驗中發現并指出：如果父母肥胖，那他們的孩子有80%也將肥胖，相比之下，如果父母的體重正常，他們的子女體重超標的可能性不超過14%。

　　那么，肥胖者如何才能通過節食使體重恢復正常甚至變瘦呢?自然，節食是有效的，但是，為此付出的健康代價卻是巨大的。洛克菲勒大學的醫學研究員 Jules Hirsch曾經做過一項針對8名肥胖者的實驗。給予他們一種流食配方，每天給他們提供600卡的能量。十多周后，被調查對象平均減重45公斤。但是在他們離開醫院以后，他們的體重又回升了。實驗結果令人吃驚：通過干預身體的新陳代謝，減重的肥胖者過著挨餓一般的生活。他們的精神狀態不佳，夢想著食物或打破這種飲食規定。他們精神緊張、壓抑，有些人甚至有自殺傾向。他們在自己房間里收藏食物。研究人員警告說，體重的減輕有可能不會帶來正常的體重，它的結果有可能類似于一個正常體重者挨餓之后的非正常身體狀況。

　　體重過輕的人則遭受著相反的痛苦：他們得努力增加體重。Vermont大學的 Ethan Sims曾經在犯人中選取志愿者做增加體重的實驗。在4到6個月里，他們吃下盡可能多的食物。結果，他們的體重都增加了20%到25%。但是實驗結束數月之后，他們的體重又回到了正常水平，并且基本保持穩定。

　　這并不意味著人們對控制體重毫無辦法。如果那些天生肥胖的人想減肥，那么他們將要不懈地與自己的基因做斗爭。同時，這些實驗結果為科學家認可的某個真理提供了佐證--每個人都有一個適合的體重范圍，這個范圍大概是9公斤。有些人可能在順其自然的條件下就保持60到69公斤的體重，但是減輕或者增加體重卻是比較困難的。身體會通過饑餓或者飽脹的感覺，并通過調節新陳代謝促使體重回到那個范圍。