雅思寫作Task 1的常用表達整理
一、圖形種類及概述法：
泛指一份數據圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram
趨勢曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram
表格圖：table
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures
figures/statistics shows ...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
......
閱卷考官經常是不會看那些圖表的，因此文章必須邏輯清晰，如果描述得能令人在腦海里勾畫出那個data chart，這篇task1無疑會達到8分的水平。開篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction;這樣做不僅使文章更趨于完美，而且可以達到湊字數的目的。接下來另起一段開始進行描述，這當中經常要連續使用非限定性定于從句，從而使得描述過程流暢、清晰。最后也可再另起一段進行簡短的綜述。上述的任何一個步驟都要遵循依據現有data進行客觀描述的原則，任何推測性或議論性的內容寫得再多、再精彩不僅不會加分，而且還會成為扣分的因素。
二、data的具體表達法
data在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時間段中轉變：changes over time
持續變化的data在不同情況下:
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...
減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...
波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
穩定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...
最常用的兩種表達法：
動詞 + 副詞形式
形容詞 + 名詞形式
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from to / between and
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation
+in the number of XXX from to / between and
描述穩定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and
The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and
描述不同狀態的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop
Verbal form:
bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高點極值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in 準確時間點用at XXX at XXX% / XXX
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX
低點極值：
XXX bottomed out / reached
+rock / the bottom / a low point
或者hit a trough
此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as also as well either neither too moreover furthermore in addition additionally besides whats more apart from ...
舉例： for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration in particular particularly especially
事實： as a matter of fact in fact actually as long as so long as ...
雷同/近似：similarly likewise at the same time equally ...
轉折： however whereas nevertheless nonetheless though although even though while yet on the contrary contrarily in contrast conversely on the other hand unlikely in stead in spite of despite of ...
原因與結果
1. cause-suggestion
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth I hope that...
2. cause-effect
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...
3. effect-cause
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相關常用詞
1. 主章開頭
圖表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent
內容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion
2. 表示數據
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高點：peaked; reached a peak / high point
bottomed out; reached the bottom
變化：recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb
decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce
fluctuate 浮動，搖擺不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change
變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動的
significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的
steep/steeply 急劇升降的
steady/steadily 穩固的，堅定不移的
gradual/gradually 漸進的，逐漸的
slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的
slight/slightly輕微的、略微地
stable/stably 穩定的
表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時間直到
表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多
nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大約
about adv. 附近， 大約，轉向，左右，周圍
just over 剛超過
over adv. 結束，越過，從頭到尾
exactly adv. 正確地，嚴密地
precisely adv. 正好 精確地;清晰地
比例：20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化
noticeable trend 明顯趨勢
during the same period 在同一時期
grow/grew 增長
distribute 分布，區別
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明顯的
average 平均
no doubt 無疑地
corresponding adj. 相應的，通訊的
represent vt. 闡述，表現
overall 總體上講
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在...的情況下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
in conclusion adv. 最后，總之
in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉地
in general 通常，大體上，一般而言
range from
excessive adj. 過多的，過分的，額外
lower v.降低，跌落
elapse vi.過去，消逝
category n.種類
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市場規率
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調節
forecast n. 先見，預見 v. 預測
一、圖形種類及概述法：
泛指一份數據圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram
趨勢曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram
表格圖：table
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures
figures/statistics shows ...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
......
閱卷考官經常是不會看那些圖表的，因此文章必須邏輯清晰，如果描述得能令人在腦海里勾畫出那個data chart，這篇task1無疑會達到8分的水平。開篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction;這樣做不僅使文章更趨于完美，而且可以達到湊字數的目的。接下來另起一段開始進行描述，這當中經常要連續使用非限定性定于從句，從而使得描述過程流暢、清晰。最后也可再另起一段進行簡短的綜述。上述的任何一個步驟都要遵循依據現有data進行客觀描述的原則，任何推測性或議論性的內容寫得再多、再精彩不僅不會加分，而且還會成為扣分的因素。
二、data的具體表達法
data在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時間段中轉變：changes over time
持續變化的data在不同情況下:
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...
減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...
波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
穩定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...
最常用的兩種表達法：
動詞 + 副詞形式
形容詞 + 名詞形式
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from to / between and
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation
+in the number of XXX from to / between and
描述穩定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and
The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and
描述不同狀態的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop
Verbal form:
bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高點極值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in 準確時間點用at XXX at XXX% / XXX
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX
低點極值：
XXX bottomed out / reached
+rock / the bottom / a low point
或者hit a trough
此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as also as well either neither too moreover furthermore in addition additionally besides whats more apart from ...
舉例： for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration in particular particularly especially
事實： as a matter of fact in fact actually as long as so long as ...
雷同/近似：similarly likewise at the same time equally ...
轉折： however whereas nevertheless nonetheless though although even though while yet on the contrary contrarily in contrast conversely on the other hand unlikely in stead in spite of despite of ...
原因與結果
1. cause-suggestion
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth I hope that...
2. cause-effect
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...
3. effect-cause
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相關常用詞
1. 主章開頭
圖表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph
描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent
內容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion
2. 表示數據
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%
最高點：peaked; reached a peak / high point
bottomed out; reached the bottom
變化：recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb
decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce
fluctuate 浮動，搖擺不定
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change
變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動的
significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的
steep/steeply 急劇升降的
steady/steadily 穩固的，堅定不移的
gradual/gradually 漸進的，逐漸的
slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的
slight/slightly輕微的、略微地
stable/stably 穩定的
表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時間直到
表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多
nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大約
about adv. 附近， 大約，轉向，左右，周圍
just over 剛超過
over adv. 結束，越過，從頭到尾
exactly adv. 正確地，嚴密地
precisely adv. 正好 精確地;清晰地
比例：20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化
noticeable trend 明顯趨勢
during the same period 在同一時期
grow/grew 增長
distribute 分布，區別
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明顯的
average 平均
no doubt 無疑地
corresponding adj. 相應的，通訊的
represent vt. 闡述，表現
overall 總體上講
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在...的情況下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
in conclusion adv. 最后，總之
in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉地
in general 通常，大體上，一般而言
range from
excessive adj. 過多的，過分的，額外
lower v.降低，跌落
elapse vi.過去，消逝
category n.種類
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市場規率
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調節
forecast n. 先見，預見 v. 預測
