2024屆河北省平山縣高三英語一輪訓練（7）及答案

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　　河北省平山縣2024高考英語一輪練習（7）及答案

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

　　In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

　　Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫學家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.

　　本文介紹了人們對灰塵的不同態(tài)度和看法。16世紀早期，人們認為灰塵能阻擋疾病。人們不能洗澡。18世紀時人們認為洗掉灰塵對身體有好處，能阻止疾病。而現在，人們對灰塵有不同看法，有人認為不能碰灰塵，而有人認為灰塵能增強免疫力。

　　5．The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.

　　A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment

　　B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

　　C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths

　　D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

　　答案：C。細節(jié)理解題。根據短文第二段第二、三句話可知。人們認為公共浴池是特別危險的，法國和英國的國王都關閉了他們的浴池，由此可知C項正確。

　　6．Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing?

　　A．Afraid.

　　B．Curious.

　　C．Approving.

　　D．Uninterested.

　　答案：A。推理判斷題。根據短文第二段最后兩句話可知，享利四世以臟出名，當他得知有人洗澡，為了避免疾病侵襲，他下令不準這人出門。由此可知享利四世對于洗澡是相當害怕的。

　　7. How does the passage mainly develop?

　　A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.

　　C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance.

　　答案：C。細節(jié)理解題，本文是以時間為線索進行寫作的。先寫16世紀人們對灰塵的態(tài)度，然后是17世紀，最后寫到今天人們的態(tài)度。

　　8．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.

　　C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt.

　　答案：D。細節(jié)理解題。整篇文章作者陳述了三個不同的時間，人們對待灰塵的看法，由此向我們展示了人們對灰塵觀點的改變。

　　較難題目特訓：科普知識類

　　The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q. , a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it’s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you’d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.

　　This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary know-ledge of her field. She’d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.

　　Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.

　　The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.

　　1. The passage mainly deals with　.　

　　A. the function of I. Q. in cultivating a writer

　　B. the relationship between genius and success

　　C. the decisive factor in making a genius

　　D. the way of gaining some sense of distinction

　　2. By reading novels and writers’ stories, the girl could　.　

　　A. come to understand the inner structure of writing

　　B. join a fascinating circle of writers someday

　　C. share with a novelist her likes and dislikes

　　D. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security

　　3. In the girl’s long painstaking training process, 　.　

　　A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success

　　B. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance

　　C. she acquires the magic of some great achievements

　　D. she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write

　　4. What can be concluded from the passage?

　　A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one’s success.

　　B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.

　　C. As to the growth of a genius, I. Q. doesn’t matter, but just his/her efforts.

　　D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.

　　【參考答案】22.1-4 CABD

　　【山東省日照市2024高考英語一模試卷】

　　A new report from the United States surgeon general finds that smoking tobacco is even deadlier than had been known．The report says smoking causes birth diseases—a leading cause of death among babies．It also links smoking to cancer of the liver and colon，diabetes and other illnesses．

　　The first U．S．surgeon general’s report on tobacco and health was released in 1 964．It was the first scientific report to link smoking with lung cancer and heart disease．Now,50 years later,Acting Surgeon General Boris Lushniak has released a new report．His report provides more evidence about smoking tobacco and how it can harm health．

　　“If we’re going to work together to achieve a society free of tobacco-related disease，this must be understood，”said Lushniak．

　　The new report urges increased use of tobacco—control measures．The suggested controls include raising prices of cigarettes，and expanding bans on smoking in enclosed spaces.

　　Doctor Lushniak also said smoking holds back the body’s natural defenses for fighting disease．He said this increases a smoker’s likelihood of getting an infectious disease．

　　‘‘One of the most disturbing findings is that the disease risks from smoking by women have risen sharply over the last fifty years．Women are now as likely to die from smoking as men，women smokers’risk of lung cancer is now the same as men，and more women die from chronic lung disease than men，”said Lushniak．

　　The new report finds that those who do not smoke are at a higher risk for stroke if left unprotected from tobacco smoke．The latest research also shows damage to unborn children．Babies are more likelv to be born with cleft palate(先天性腭裂)if the mother smokes．The chemicals in tobacco smoke can have lasting effects on brain development in a fetus(胎兒)．

　　The surgeon general would like to see more action to keep young people from developing a smoking habit．He supports higher prices on cigarettes，more anti-smoking media campaigns and more help for people who want to quit smoking．

　　56．The new findings shows that smoking tobacco_________________．

　　A．can cause lung cancer and heart disease

　　B．has little to do with diabetes and other diseases

　　C．is the biggest health killer in the world

　　D．does greater harm than what had been widely known

　　57．From the new report，we learn that_______________．

　　A．mental disease is a number one cause of deaths among babies

　　B．smoking weakens the body’s natural defenses

　　C．women smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer than men

　　D．tobacco smoke has no bad effect on unborn children

　　58．The underlined word“this”in Paragraph 3 refers to_____________．

　　A．the evidence about smoking and how it harms health

　　B．a society free of tobacco-related diseases

　　C．increased use of tobacco—control measures

　　D．the first U．S．surgeon general’s report

　　59．Which of the following will receive Lushniak’s approval?

　　A．Decreasing prices of cigarettes．

　　B．Allowing smoking in enclosed spaces．

　　C．More anti-smoking media campaigns．

　　D．More help for people who smoke．

　　60．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Anti-smoking Media Campaigns

　　B．The First U．S．Surgeon General’s Report

　　C．Tobacco-control Measures Benefit Women

　　D．Smoking Causes More Health Problems

　　【參考答案】56-60

　　DBACD

　　【語篇導讀】抽煙會導致許多健康問題而不僅僅是肺癌一份美國新報告發(fā)現，吸煙比過去所知曉的更為致命。該報告顯示，吸煙會導致先天性缺陷，這是嬰兒死亡的主要原因。報告稱吸煙還與肝癌、結腸癌、糖尿病等疾病有關。

　　A new report …is even deadlier than had been known.”可得出答案。新報告發(fā)現，吸煙比過去所知曉的更為致命。考查對短文多個信息的分析和概括。… smoking holds back the body's natural defenses ...”告訴我們：吸煙會抑制人體抵抗疾病的天然防御系統(tǒng)A

　　根據上下文的邏輯判斷指代關系。根據上下文結構及文意，可以得出結論：想要共同努力建設一個無煙草相關疾病的社會，我們必須知道更多吸煙及其危害健康的證據。

　　根據細節(jié)信息推斷。Boris Lushniak的新報告督促增強煙草控制措施的運用包括擴大密閉場所的禁煙令。他支持提高香煙價格，舉辦更多反對吸煙的媒體宣傳活動，以及為戒煙者提供更多幫助。D

　　考查主旨大意理解。抽煙會導致許多健康問題而不僅僅是肺癌

　　“BEIJING, Sep. 10 (Xinhuanet)—The extra-large model baby in the Spain Pavilion (館) was ‘conceived (構思)’ by a Spanish filmmaker,” Shi Yingying reports.

　　Visitors admiring the 6.5-meter-high giant baby, Miguelin, in the Spain Pavilion may be surprised to realize that it was not the concept of a famous designer or a group of groundbreaking engineers. It came from one filmmaker’s interpretation of the meaning of “Better City, Better Life”.

　　Spanish director Isabel Coixet developed the idea after being asked to contribute to Expo 2010 Shanghai.

　　“They asked me to do something to tell the Chinese audience about Spain in the future and the first thing jumping to my mind was a baby,” said Coixet. “If we really fight to have better cars, better cities and better lives, it’s for them—for our children.”

　　Despite her Spanish heritage, Coixet doesn’t focus on making Spanish films or using Spain as the setting. Fans of her various award-winning films, including My Life Without Me, The Secret Life of Words and Elegy, may not even be aware of Coixet’s Spanish background.

　　“The borders between countries are just illusion (假象),” said Coixet. “Some directors feel really comfortable telling stories that belong to their territory.”

　　But Coixet feels the opposite: “I’m more comfortable outside my country. It gives me a strange freedom.”

　　One of her favorite things about being a director is the freedom. “The thing is that the world is wide and this freedom lets you make films everywhere,” she said.

　　Coixet’s curiosity took her latest exploration and movie work to Japan. In the movie Map of the Sound of Tokyo, the Catalan actor Sergi Lopez is the owner of a wine shop in Tokyo, and Japanese actress Rinko Kikuchi is a young woman who works both as a fishmonger and as a hired killer.

　　The clash (沖突) of the two people’s very different worlds and the tango-like relationship they develop is just one representation of what Coixet is able to produce by mixing cultures.

　　While she doesn’t know if she will shoot a film in Shanghai, two things have caught her attention: Shanghainese women and crickets (蟋蟀).

　　After just arriving in the city, she was surprised by the mix of old Chinese culture in a booming metropolis. “Behind the skyscrapers, there is a flower and bird market with heaps of crickets and birdcages in,” she said. “I’m totally amazed with the city.”

　　1. The huge baby represents the idea that 　.

　　A. our children are the new generation full of imagination

　　B. our children will develop the friendship between China and Spain

　　C. our children are our future

　　D. our children will understand the meaning of “Better City, Better Life”

　　2. We learn from the passage that Coixet’s award-winning films were set　.

　　A. only in Spain

　　B. only in Japan

　　C. mainly in the countries outside Spain

　　D. mainly in the countries within Europe

　　3. According to Isabel Coixet, a flower and bird market behind the high rises　.

　　A. shows people in Shanghai are living a rich life spiritually and materially