2024屆高考英語（課標全國）一輪復習課件：語法突破 第9講
考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 4.如何選擇關系代詞與關系副詞 方法一：用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。若及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系代詞作賓語；而不及物動詞則不可帶賓語，故用關系副詞。 方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主語、賓語、表語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。 5.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致 (1)one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋復數動詞 (2)the only one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋單數動詞 Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam. ＝Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. 注意：not the only one of...＝one of... 幾組關系代詞的區別 用that不用which 先行詞是all，much，little，few，some，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時 Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. Please get ready for everything(that) we need. 先行詞被every，all，some，much，the only，any，the few，the very，no，little，the same，the last等修飾時 This is the very book (that) I’m looking for. The only thing (that) we can do is to give you some money. 先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞或被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時 This is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 先行詞即指人又指物時 He talked about things and persons(that) they remembered in the school. 當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時 Which is the bike (that) you lost？ 當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 幾組關系代詞的區別 the same...as與 the same...that the same...as...表示相似的東西 the same...that...表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。(相似的一個) This is the same knife that I lost. 這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。(同一個) such/so...as與 such/so...that such/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣 such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 幾組關系代詞的區別 as與which 1.as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。 2.as意為“正如……，正像……”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意為“這一點”。 另外，as多用于下列習慣用語中： as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as has been said before as is mentioned above Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all. As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China. The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us. 介詞＋關系代詞(不可用that，who加介詞) 名(代)詞＋介詞＋關系代詞(一般作主語) I picked up the apples，some of which were bad. 數詞或形容詞最高級＋of＋關系代詞(一般作主語) He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever. He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever. 介詞＋關系代詞(一般作狀語) This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 介詞短語＋關系代詞(一般作狀語) Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation. 介詞＋which＋名詞(一般在句中作狀語) She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home. 介詞＋whose＋名詞(一般作狀語) He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. from where為“介詞＋關系副詞”結構，但也可以引導定語從句。“介詞＋關系代詞”中的介詞可根據先行詞或定語從句中的動詞短語進行判斷 He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.(from where指from behind the door) 特殊定語從句 分裂式定語從句(先行詞與關系代(副)詞分隔) I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball. 插入式定語從句(關系代詞與從句中插入一個句子) He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science. 省略式定語從句(介詞＋關系代詞＋不定式) I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French. 定語從句與其他從句(句型)的區別 類別 區別 例句 定語 從句與并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接。并列句中絕對不可再用引導定語從句的關系詞。 ①I have three cars，none of ______ is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of ______ is in good condition. 句①中cars后面是非限制性定語從句，空格中填關系代詞which； 句②中有并列連詞but，題干是并列句，空格中填代詞them。 類別 區別 例句 定語從 句與狀 語從句 定語從句修飾、限定先行詞，常放在先行詞的后面，而狀語從句說明動作發生的情況，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when 引導定語從句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clook.(when引導時間狀語從句) when，where和why在引導定語從句時可以用“介詞＋which”的結構來替換，在引導狀語從句時不行。 This is the school where (＝in which)I once worked.(where引導定語從句) Put back the book where it was.(where引導狀語從句) 定語從句中的關系詞在從句中充當某種句子成分，因此去掉它從句成分不完整；而結果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引導定語從句，作動詞like的賓語) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引導結果狀語從句，不充當句子成分) 類別 區別 例句 定語從句 與同位語 從句 定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關系。同位語的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內容，與前面名詞之間是同位關系。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位語從句，解釋消息的內容) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定語從句起限制作用，表明昨天告訴的，而不是別的時間) 定語從句 與強調句 強調句的結構為“It is/was＋被強調部分＋that＋從句”。當被強調部分是人時，可用who代替that。強調其他成分時一律用that，絕不能因為被強調部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.(強調句) I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.(when引導定語從句) 謝謝觀看！ 第九講
定語從句 定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜，是高中階段英語學習的一個重點，也是歷年高考的熱點。命題者常把重點放在對基本的關系代詞和關系副詞的考查上，尤其要注意關系詞whose，where，when在定語從句中的用法。另外，which和as引導的非限制性定語從句以及定語從句中的介詞提前也是命題的熱點。 關系詞的選擇是高考考查的重點。做好定語從句的有關試題，必須牢記三要點： 1．分析從句是否為定語從句，而這在很大程度上取決于整句的邏輯含義。 2．分析定語從句的成分，看從句是否缺主語、賓語或狀語等，因為引導(關系)詞在定語從句中是必須充當一定成分的(或主語、或賓語、或狀語等)。 3．觀察先行詞的特點：指人或是指物；或是指人又指物；是否被某些特殊詞所限定、修飾，句子結構是否特別。 考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 . who 人 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) The boy who is standing there is my cousin. whom 人 賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith. whose(＝the＋名詞＋of whom/which＝of whom/which＋the＋名詞) 人或物 定語 Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom)is an engineer？ He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south. which 物 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures. The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.
考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 that 人或物 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略，不引導非限制性定語從句) A plane is a machine that can fly. I don’t know the man(that)you mentioned. as 人或物(在非限制性定語從句中也可指代整個句子) 主語、賓語、表語 As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.
He is not the same man as he was. when(＝適當介詞＋which) 時間 時間狀語 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. where(＝適當介詞＋which) 地點 地點狀語 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. why(＝for which) 原因 原因狀語 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. 考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 1.表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語時，應用that或which。作賓語時，that/which也可省略。 2.當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，job，activity等名詞時，后面定語從句的關系詞使用有兩種情況：第一，當定語從句缺主語或賓語時，用which或that。第二，當定語從句中不缺主語或賓語時，通常用where。
He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy. 3.當先行詞way意為“方式，方法”時，引導定語從句的關系詞有兩種情況： (1)當定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，用關系代詞that或which。 (2)當定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語時，可用in which，that或不用任何關系詞。 The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(關系詞在從句中作狀語，相當于in this/that way) The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(關系代詞that/which在從句中作賓語) The way(that/which)he showed us leads to the small village.(way意為“道路”)
考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 4.如何選擇關系代詞與關系副詞 方法一：用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。若及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關系代詞作賓語；而不及物動詞則不可帶賓語，故用關系副詞。 方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主語、賓語、表語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。 5.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致 (1)one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋復數動詞 (2)the only one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋單數動詞 Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam. ＝Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. 注意：not the only one of...＝one of... 幾組關系代詞的區別 用that不用which 先行詞是all，much，little，few，some，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時 Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. Please get ready for everything(that) we need. 先行詞被every，all，some，much，the only，any，the few，the very，no，little，the same，the last等修飾時 This is the very book (that) I’m looking for. The only thing (that) we can do is to give you some money. 先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞或被形容詞最高級、序數詞修飾時 This is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 先行詞即指人又指物時 He talked about things and persons(that) they remembered in the school. 當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時 Which is the bike (that) you lost？ 當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 幾組關系代詞的區別 the same...as與 the same...that the same...as...表示相似的東西 the same...that...表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。(相似的一個) This is the same knife that I lost. 這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。(同一個) such/so...as與 such/so...that such/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣 such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 幾組關系代詞的區別 as與which 1.as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中。which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。 2.as意為“正如……，正像……”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意為“這一點”。 另外，as多用于下列習慣用語中： as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as has been said before as is mentioned above Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all. As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China. The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us. 介詞＋關系代詞(不可用that，who加介詞) 名(代)詞＋介詞＋關系代詞(一般作主語) I picked up the apples，some of which were bad. 數詞或形容詞最高級＋of＋關系代詞(一般作主語) He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever. He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever. 介詞＋關系代詞(一般作狀語) This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 介詞短語＋關系代詞(一般作狀語) Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation. 介詞＋which＋名詞(一般在句中作狀語) She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home. 介詞＋whose＋名詞(一般作狀語) He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. from where為“介詞＋關系副詞”結構，但也可以引導定語從句。“介詞＋關系代詞”中的介詞可根據先行詞或定語從句中的動詞短語進行判斷 He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.(from where指from behind the door) 特殊定語從句 分裂式定語從句(先行詞與關系代(副)詞分隔) I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball. 插入式定語從句(關系代詞與從句中插入一個句子) He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science. 省略式定語從句(介詞＋關系代詞＋不定式) I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French. 定語從句與其他從句(句型)的區別 類別 區別 例句 定語 從句與并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接。并列句中絕對不可再用引導定語從句的關系詞。 ①I have three cars，none of ______ is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of ______ is in good condition. 句①中cars后面是非限制性定語從句，空格中填關系代詞which； 句②中有并列連詞but，題干是并列句，空格中填代詞them。 類別 區別 例句 定語從 句與狀 語從句 定語從句修飾、限定先行詞，常放在先行詞的后面，而狀語從句說明動作發生的情況，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when 引導定語從句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clook.(when引導時間狀語從句) when，where和why在引導定語從句時可以用“介詞＋which”的結構來替換，在引導狀語從句時不行。 This is the school where (＝in which)I once worked.(where引導定語從句) Put back the book where it was.(where引導狀語從句) 定語從句中的關系詞在從句中充當某種句子成分，因此去掉它從句成分不完整；而結果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引導定語從句，作動詞like的賓語) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引導結果狀語從句，不充當句子成分) 類別 區別 例句 定語從句 與同位語 從句 定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關系。同位語的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內容，與前面名詞之間是同位關系。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位語從句，解釋消息的內容) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定語從句起限制作用，表明昨天告訴的，而不是別的時間) 定語從句 與強調句 強調句的結構為“It is/was＋被強調部分＋that＋從句”。當被強調部分是人時，可用who代替that。強調其他成分時一律用that，絕不能因為被強調部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.(強調句) I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.(when引導定語從句) 謝謝觀看！ 第九講
定語從句 定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜，是高中階段英語學習的一個重點，也是歷年高考的熱點。命題者常把重點放在對基本的關系代詞和關系副詞的考查上，尤其要注意關系詞whose，where，when在定語從句中的用法。另外，which和as引導的非限制性定語從句以及定語從句中的介詞提前也是命題的熱點。 關系詞的選擇是高考考查的重點。做好定語從句的有關試題，必須牢記三要點： 1．分析從句是否為定語從句，而這在很大程度上取決于整句的邏輯含義。 2．分析定語從句的成分，看從句是否缺主語、賓語或狀語等，因為引導(關系)詞在定語從句中是必須充當一定成分的(或主語、或賓語、或狀語等)。 3．觀察先行詞的特點：指人或是指物；或是指人又指物；是否被某些特殊詞所限定、修飾，句子結構是否特別。 考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 . who 人 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) The boy who is standing there is my cousin. whom 人 賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith. whose(＝the＋名詞＋of whom/which＝of whom/which＋the＋名詞) 人或物 定語 Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom)is an engineer？ He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south. which 物 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略) Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures. The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.
考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 that 人或物 主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略，不引導非限制性定語從句) A plane is a machine that can fly. I don’t know the man(that)you mentioned. as 人或物(在非限制性定語從句中也可指代整個句子) 主語、賓語、表語 As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.
He is not the same man as he was. when(＝適當介詞＋which) 時間 時間狀語 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. where(＝適當介詞＋which) 地點 地點狀語 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. why(＝for which) 原因 原因狀語 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. 考點 關系詞 指代范圍 在從句中所作成分 典句示例 關系代詞與關系副詞的判定 1.表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語時，應用that或which。作賓語時，that/which也可省略。 2.當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，job，activity等名詞時，后面定語從句的關系詞使用有兩種情況：第一，當定語從句缺主語或賓語時，用which或that。第二，當定語從句中不缺主語或賓語時，通常用where。
He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy. 3.當先行詞way意為“方式，方法”時，引導定語從句的關系詞有兩種情況： (1)當定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，用關系代詞that或which。 (2)當定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語時，可用in which，that或不用任何關系詞。 The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(關系詞在從句中作狀語，相當于in this/that way) The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(關系代詞that/which在從句中作賓語) The way(that/which)he showed us leads to the small village.(way意為“道路”)
