專題限時檢測(十七)　閱讀理解推理判斷類之直接推斷題

　　(加★的為直接推斷題，本卷限時23分鐘)

　　A

　　(2024·南京市高三學情調(diào)研)Phantom vibrations — the phenomenon where you think your phone is vibrating but its not — have been around since the mobile age. Today, they’re so common that researchers have devoted studies to them.

　　For Valerie Kusler, who works on a cattle farm, the feeling is complicated by the cows. “The cows’ moo is very muffled, it kinda sounds like ... errrrrr，” she says. “So thats very similar to what my phone sounds like when it vibrates on my desk or in my purse.”

　　Other people may not confuse cows for their phones, but research shows phantom vibration symptom is a near-universal experience for people with smartphones.

　　Nearly 90 percent of college undergraduates in a 2024 study said they felt phantom vibrations. The number was just as high for a survey of hospital workers, who reported feeling phantom vibrations on either a weekly or monthly basis.

　　“Something in your brain is being triggered (觸發(fā)), that’s different than what was triggered just a few short years ago，” says Dr Larry Rosen, a research psychologist who studies how technology affects our minds.

　　“If youd asked me 10 years ago, or maybe even five years ago if I felt an itch beneath where my pocket of my jeans was, and asked me what I would do, I’d reach down and scratch it because it was probably a little itch caused by the neurons firing(神經(jīng)元刺激)，”he says. Now, of course, the itch triggers him to reach for his phone. Rosen says its an example of how our devices are changing how our brains process information.

　　“We?re seeing a lot of what looks like obsessive behavior. People who are constantly picking up their phones look like they have an obsession.They don?t look much different from someone who?s constantly washing their hands. I?m not saying that it is an obsession, but I?m saying that it could turn into one, very easily，” Rosen says.

　　While 9 out of 10 participants in the study of college students said the vibration feeling bothered them only a little or not at all, Rosen still recommends backing away from our phones every once in a while to keep our anxiety levels down.

　　“One of the things I’m really adamant about in spite of being very pro-technology, is just away from the technology for short periods，” Rosen says.“And by short periods, I mean, maybe just 30 minutes or an hour.”

　　★1.According to the article, phantom vibrations ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)re mainly caused by neurons firing

　　B．a(chǎn)ffect people mostly working on farms

　　C．help our brains better process information

　　D．started troubling people in recent years

　　2．The underlined word “adamant” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

　　A．curiousB．determined

　　C．satisfied

　　D．cautious

　　★3.It can be concluded from Larry Rosens research that ________.

　　A．Phantom vibrations could probably result in obsessive behavior

　　B．the use of smartphones has completely changed the way our minds work

　　C．most people feel uncomfortable when they experience phantom vibrations

　　D．hospital workers are more likely to suffer from phantom vibrations than students

　　4．According to Larry Rosen, the most effective measure against phantom vibrations is to ________.

　　A．move to a quieter neighborhood

　　B．stop using smartphones in poor condition

　　C．take a break from using smartphones occasionally

　　D．keep a close watch on your anxiety levels

　　B

　　(2024·揚州市高三期末檢測)Food waste has been a chronic (習慣性的) problem for restaurants and grocery stores — with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled (拖) hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line.

　　Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to compost (將……制成堆肥) and cut down on trash-hauling costs.

　　“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of kitchen, and the elephant is this ’It’s okay to waste’ belief system，” said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.

　　The interest in cutting food waste “has just rocketed in the last six to nine months，” he said.

　　Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according to the National Restaurant Association.

　　Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when the two of the campus? biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.

　　“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but it?s not that different，” said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. “Its not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don’t eat more than you should.”

　　Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

　　5．High price of products makes the problem of food waste ________.

　　A．less challenging

　　B．more unbelievable

　　C．less noticeable

　　D．more unsolvable

　　★6.What does Caitlin Mewborn most probably think about the fact that no trays are provided in the campus dining halls?

　　A．It doesnt help cut food waste much.

　　B．It causes much trouble for students.

　　C．It isnt well-received by the freshmen.

　　D．It is efficient for cutting food waste.

　　★7.The author mentions Virginia Tech as an example to support the idea that ________.

　　A．food waste has been a long-lasting chronic problem

　　B．novel ways are being applied to cutting food waste

　　C．colleges are truly the biggest source of food waste

　　D．the “Its okay to waste” belief system is influential

　　C

　　(2024·常州教學質(zhì)檢)

　　The Ghost Bridegroom

　　At the time of this story, there was a great family gathering at the castle to meet the promised bridegroom of the Barons daughter. An arrangement had been made between the Baron and an old nobleman of Bavaria, Berton, for a marriage between their children. It would increase the importance of both families. The initial plans had been made in the usual way: The young people were engaged without having met each other and the date set for the wedding.

　　The young Count (伯爵) Von Altenburg had been recalled from the army and was on his way to the castle to meet his promised bride. Messages had been received from Wurtzburg where he was accidentally delayed. The messages indicated the day and time when he might be expected to arrive. The castle was in a fever of preparation to provide him with a suitable welcome.

　　Anne had dressed with particular care. Bertha and Wilda had selected her clothing and quarreled all morning about what she should wear. The young lady had taken advantage of their arguments to wear exactly what she wanted and had chosen very well. She looked as beautiful as any young bridegroom could wish for, and the excitement made her look even lovelier. The two aunts constantly directed her, as single aunts usually take a great interest in the love affairs of others. They were giving her the final instructions on how to behave, what to say, and how to greet her intended husband.

　　Hour by hour passed. The sun, which had been so warm over the rich forests of the Odenwald, was now setting along the tops of the mountains. The Baron went to the tallest tower in the castle to see if he could see any sign of the Count and his escorts.

　　Once, he thought he saw them. The sound of horns came floating up from the valley. A party of men was seen far below, riding slowly along the road. It was a false alarm, for when they reached the foot of the mountain, they suddenly rode off in a different direction. The sun, by now, had set, and the bats began to fly about in the evening light. It was getting dark, and the only movement on the road was the occasional worker returning home.

　　★8.Which is the right relationship of the characters in the novel?

　　A．Von Altenburg was the Baron’s son.

　　B．Anne and Bertha were the Barons sisters.

　　C．Anne was Bertons only daughter.

　　D．Von Altenburg was Annes intended husband.

　　9．What can best describe the bridegroom?

　　A．He accepted his intended marriage arranged without his knowledge.

　　B．He was eager to meet his intended wife so he retired from the army.

　　C．He wouldnt have been welcome by the bride had he arrived on time.

　　D．He didnt like the marriage so purposely delayed going to the castle.

　　★10.Which of the following descriptions best reflects the disappointed feeling of the Baron family?

　　A．The sun was so warm over the rich forests of the Odenwald.

　　B．The Baron went to the tallest tower to see if he could see any sign of the Count.

　　C．The sound of horns came floating up from the valley.

　　D．The sun had set, and the bats began to fly about in the evening light.

　　11．What will the author most probably write about in the next paragraph(s)?

　　A．What happened to the bride.

　　B．What happened to the bridegroom.

　　C．What happened to the Baron.

　　D．What happened to the aunts.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。你是否總覺得手機在震動，即使它根本不在你旁邊？本文介紹了一種困擾人們的現(xiàn)象——震動幻覺，以及它對人們的危害和人們應(yīng)對該現(xiàn)象的方法。1．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可推知，近年來，震動幻覺已經(jīng)開始困擾人們，所以研究者才開始對它展開研究。故選D項。

　　2．選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Rosen still recommends backing away from our ... levels down”和該句中“in spite of ... short periods”可知，Rosen對時不時遠離手機的態(tài)度非常堅定。故畫線單詞意為“堅定的”，與determined意思相近。故選B項。

　　3．選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句中“Im not saying that it is an ... very easily”可知，震動幻覺很可能會導致強迫癥。故選A項。

　　4．選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Rosen still recommends backing away from ... a while”及最后一段中“is just away from the ... periods”可知，對抗震動幻覺最有效的方法是不時地遠離手機。故選C項。

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇資訊報道。食品垃圾一直是許多飯店、雜貨店的大問題。為了應(yīng)對這個問題，許多飯店、大學和醫(yī)院等機構(gòu)各出奇招。5．選D　細節(jié)理解題。第一段第一句說明了對于許多餐館和雜貨店來說，食品垃圾已經(jīng)成為一個長期的問題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，食品居高不下的價格使得食品垃圾在下游產(chǎn)業(yè)中變成更大的問題，drag在句中意為“累贅，阻力”。故選D。

　　6．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Its not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don’t eat more than you should.”可知，這個措施使得學生吃多少取多少，這樣能有效遏制食物浪費。故選D。

　　7．選B　推理判斷題。文章主要報道了一些機構(gòu)各出奇招應(yīng)對食品垃圾的問題。因此列舉Virginia Tech取消托盤的例子是為了證明中心論點。故選B。

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇故事節(jié)選。Anne要與從未謀面的未婚夫Von Altenburg伯爵結(jié)婚了，他正從軍中趕來。但Anne一直等到日落都沒有看到他的身影。8．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“to meet the promised bridegroom of the ... an old nobleman of Bavaria, Berton”可知，Baron和Berton是準親家關(guān)系；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Von Altenburg是Anne的未婚夫，是Berton的兒子；根據(jù)第三段可知，Anne是新娘，是Baron的女兒；Bertha和Wilda是Anne的姑姑。由此可知，D項正確，即Von Altenburg是Anne的未婚夫。故選D。

　　9．選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，這對年輕人在沒有見面的情況下就被訂婚了，由此結(jié)合第二段第一句中的“to meet his promised bride”可知，A項正確。

　　10．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，他們從早上一直等到太陽落山了都不見未婚夫Von Altenburg的到來，由此可知，最后一段的最后兩句“The sun, by now ... worker returning home.”最能夠體現(xiàn)出他們的失望心情。故選D。

　　11．選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，Baron家一直等到天黑都沒把新郎等來，由此結(jié)合文章題目“The Ghost Bridegroom”(鬼新郎)可知，作者下文應(yīng)描寫新郎發(fā)生什么事了。故選B。

　　專題限時檢測(十七)　閱讀理解推理判斷類之直接推斷題

　　(加★的為直接推斷題，本卷限時23分鐘)

　　A

　　(2024·南京市高三學情調(diào)研)Phantom vibrations — the phenomenon where you think your phone is vibrating but its not — have been around since the mobile age. Today, they’re so common that researchers have devoted studies to them.

　　For Valerie Kusler, who works on a cattle farm, the feeling is complicated by the cows. “The cows’ moo is very muffled, it kinda sounds like ... errrrrr，” she says. “So thats very similar to what my phone sounds like when it vibrates on my desk or in my purse.”

　　Other people may not confuse cows for their phones, but research shows phantom vibration symptom is a near-universal experience for people with smartphones.

　　Nearly 90 percent of college undergraduates in a 2024 study said they felt phantom vibrations. The number was just as high for a survey of hospital workers, who reported feeling phantom vibrations on either a weekly or monthly basis.

　　“Something in your brain is being triggered (觸發(fā)), that’s different than what was triggered just a few short years ago，” says Dr Larry Rosen, a research psychologist who studies how technology affects our minds.

　　“If youd asked me 10 years ago, or maybe even five years ago if I felt an itch beneath where my pocket of my jeans was, and asked me what I would do, I’d reach down and scratch it because it was probably a little itch caused by the neurons firing(神經(jīng)元刺激)，”he says. Now, of course, the itch triggers him to reach for his phone. Rosen says its an example of how our devices are changing how our brains process information.

　　“We?re seeing a lot of what looks like obsessive behavior. People who are constantly picking up their phones look like they have an obsession.They don?t look much different from someone who?s constantly washing their hands. I?m not saying that it is an obsession, but I?m saying that it could turn into one, very easily，” Rosen says.

　　While 9 out of 10 participants in the study of college students said the vibration feeling bothered them only a little or not at all, Rosen still recommends backing away from our phones every once in a while to keep our anxiety levels down.

　　“One of the things I’m really adamant about in spite of being very pro-technology, is just away from the technology for short periods，” Rosen says.“And by short periods, I mean, maybe just 30 minutes or an hour.”

　　★1.According to the article, phantom vibrations ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)re mainly caused by neurons firing

　　B．a(chǎn)ffect people mostly working on farms

　　C．help our brains better process information

　　D．started troubling people in recent years

　　2．The underlined word “adamant” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

　　A．curiousB．determined

　　C．satisfied

　　D．cautious

　　★3.It can be concluded from Larry Rosens research that ________.

　　A．Phantom vibrations could probably result in obsessive behavior

　　B．the use of smartphones has completely changed the way our minds work

　　C．most people feel uncomfortable when they experience phantom vibrations

　　D．hospital workers are more likely to suffer from phantom vibrations than students

　　4．According to Larry Rosen, the most effective measure against phantom vibrations is to ________.

　　A．move to a quieter neighborhood

　　B．stop using smartphones in poor condition

　　C．take a break from using smartphones occasionally

　　D．keep a close watch on your anxiety levels

　　B

　　(2024·揚州市高三期末檢測)Food waste has been a chronic (習慣性的) problem for restaurants and grocery stores — with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled (拖) hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line.

　　Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to compost (將……制成堆肥) and cut down on trash-hauling costs.

　　“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of kitchen, and the elephant is this ’It’s okay to waste’ belief system，” said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.

　　The interest in cutting food waste “has just rocketed in the last six to nine months，” he said.

　　Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according to the National Restaurant Association.

　　Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when the two of the campus? biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.

　　“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but it?s not that different，” said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. “Its not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don’t eat more than you should.”

　　Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

　　5．High price of products makes the problem of food waste ________.

　　A．less challenging

　　B．more unbelievable

　　C．less noticeable

　　D．more unsolvable

　　★6.What does Caitlin Mewborn most probably think about the fact that no trays are provided in the campus dining halls?

　　A．It doesnt help cut food waste much.

　　B．It causes much trouble for students.

　　C．It isnt well-received by the freshmen.

　　D．It is efficient for cutting food waste.

　　★7.The author mentions Virginia Tech as an example to support the idea that ________.

　　A．food waste has been a long-lasting chronic problem

　　B．novel ways are being applied to cutting food waste

　　C．colleges are truly the biggest source of food waste

　　D．the “Its okay to waste” belief system is influential

　　C

　　(2024·常州教學質(zhì)檢)

　　The Ghost Bridegroom

　　At the time of this story, there was a great family gathering at the castle to meet the promised bridegroom of the Barons daughter. An arrangement had been made between the Baron and an old nobleman of Bavaria, Berton, for a marriage between their children. It would increase the importance of both families. The initial plans had been made in the usual way: The young people were engaged without having met each other and the date set for the wedding.

　　The young Count (伯爵) Von Altenburg had been recalled from the army and was on his way to the castle to meet his promised bride. Messages had been received from Wurtzburg where he was accidentally delayed. The messages indicated the day and time when he might be expected to arrive. The castle was in a fever of preparation to provide him with a suitable welcome.

　　Anne had dressed with particular care. Bertha and Wilda had selected her clothing and quarreled all morning about what she should wear. The young lady had taken advantage of their arguments to wear exactly what she wanted and had chosen very well. She looked as beautiful as any young bridegroom could wish for, and the excitement made her look even lovelier. The two aunts constantly directed her, as single aunts usually take a great interest in the love affairs of others. They were giving her the final instructions on how to behave, what to say, and how to greet her intended husband.

　　Hour by hour passed. The sun, which had been so warm over the rich forests of the Odenwald, was now setting along the tops of the mountains. The Baron went to the tallest tower in the castle to see if he could see any sign of the Count and his escorts.

　　Once, he thought he saw them. The sound of horns came floating up from the valley. A party of men was seen far below, riding slowly along the road. It was a false alarm, for when they reached the foot of the mountain, they suddenly rode off in a different direction. The sun, by now, had set, and the bats began to fly about in the evening light. It was getting dark, and the only movement on the road was the occasional worker returning home.

　　★8.Which is the right relationship of the characters in the novel?

　　A．Von Altenburg was the Baron’s son.

　　B．Anne and Bertha were the Barons sisters.

　　C．Anne was Bertons only daughter.

　　D．Von Altenburg was Annes intended husband.

　　9．What can best describe the bridegroom?

　　A．He accepted his intended marriage arranged without his knowledge.

　　B．He was eager to meet his intended wife so he retired from the army.

　　C．He wouldnt have been welcome by the bride had he arrived on time.

　　D．He didnt like the marriage so purposely delayed going to the castle.

　　★10.Which of the following descriptions best reflects the disappointed feeling of the Baron family?

　　A．The sun was so warm over the rich forests of the Odenwald.

　　B．The Baron went to the tallest tower to see if he could see any sign of the Count.

　　C．The sound of horns came floating up from the valley.

　　D．The sun had set, and the bats began to fly about in the evening light.

　　11．What will the author most probably write about in the next paragraph(s)?

　　A．What happened to the bride.

　　B．What happened to the bridegroom.

　　C．What happened to the Baron.

　　D．What happened to the aunts.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。你是否總覺得手機在震動，即使它根本不在你旁邊？本文介紹了一種困擾人們的現(xiàn)象——震動幻覺，以及它對人們的危害和人們應(yīng)對該現(xiàn)象的方法。1．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可推知，近年來，震動幻覺已經(jīng)開始困擾人們，所以研究者才開始對它展開研究。故選D項。

　　2．選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Rosen still recommends backing away from our ... levels down”和該句中“in spite of ... short periods”可知，Rosen對時不時遠離手機的態(tài)度非常堅定。故畫線單詞意為“堅定的”，與determined意思相近。故選B項。

　　3．選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句中“Im not saying that it is an ... very easily”可知，震動幻覺很可能會導致強迫癥。故選A項。

　　4．選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Rosen still recommends backing away from ... a while”及最后一段中“is just away from the ... periods”可知，對抗震動幻覺最有效的方法是不時地遠離手機。故選C項。

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇資訊報道。食品垃圾一直是許多飯店、雜貨店的大問題。為了應(yīng)對這個問題，許多飯店、大學和醫(yī)院等機構(gòu)各出奇招。5．選D　細節(jié)理解題。第一段第一句說明了對于許多餐館和雜貨店來說，食品垃圾已經(jīng)成為一個長期的問題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，食品居高不下的價格使得食品垃圾在下游產(chǎn)業(yè)中變成更大的問題，drag在句中意為“累贅，阻力”。故選D。

　　6．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Its not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don’t eat more than you should.”可知，這個措施使得學生吃多少取多少，這樣能有效遏制食物浪費。故選D。

　　7．選B　推理判斷題。文章主要報道了一些機構(gòu)各出奇招應(yīng)對食品垃圾的問題。因此列舉Virginia Tech取消托盤的例子是為了證明中心論點。故選B。

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇故事節(jié)選。Anne要與從未謀面的未婚夫Von Altenburg伯爵結(jié)婚了，他正從軍中趕來。但Anne一直等到日落都沒有看到他的身影。8．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“to meet the promised bridegroom of the ... an old nobleman of Bavaria, Berton”可知，Baron和Berton是準親家關(guān)系；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Von Altenburg是Anne的未婚夫，是Berton的兒子；根據(jù)第三段可知，Anne是新娘，是Baron的女兒；Bertha和Wilda是Anne的姑姑。由此可知，D項正確，即Von Altenburg是Anne的未婚夫。故選D。

　　9．選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，這對年輕人在沒有見面的情況下就被訂婚了，由此結(jié)合第二段第一句中的“to meet his promised bride”可知，A項正確。

　　10．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，他們從早上一直等到太陽落山了都不見未婚夫Von Altenburg的到來，由此可知，最后一段的最后兩句“The sun, by now ... worker returning home.”最能夠體現(xiàn)出他們的失望心情。故選D。

　　11．選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，Baron家一直等到天黑都沒把新郎等來，由此結(jié)合文章題目“The Ghost Bridegroom”(鬼新郎)可知，作者下文應(yīng)描寫新郎發(fā)生什么事了。故選B。