《600分考點700分考法》A版2024屆高考英語一輪專題復習課件：專題19 詞義猜測

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　　技巧7

　　通過代詞所指代的內容來猜測詞義例【解析】通過the injured ones(受傷者)可推測出bully表示“傷害，欺負”。故選C項。 C 技巧8

　　通過構詞法猜測詞義例【解析】根據合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce （生產）可推測，mass-produce的意思是“大批量生產；規模生產”。大批量生產；規模生產技巧8

　　通過構詞法猜測詞義例【解析】cloud本為名詞，意為“云”，在本句中作動詞。分析語境可知，焦慮會影響一個人的判斷，因此cloud在此表示“把……搞糊涂”。把……搞糊涂第2部分閱讀理解專題19

　　詞義猜測目錄

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1

　　700分考法

　　完美應對題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查生詞生義的推測考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測考法3

　　考查it, they, them等代詞的指代對象考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子技巧1 通過定義語猜測詞義技巧3 通過轉折或對比關系來

　　猜測詞義技巧5 通過文章中的舉例來猜

　　測詞義技巧7 通過代詞所指代的內容

　　猜測詞義題型應考技巧技巧2 通過同位關系來猜測詞義技巧4 通過因果關系來猜測詞義

　　技巧6 通過上下文語境來猜測詞義

　　技巧8 通過構詞法猜測詞義 Passage 2

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 體裁：說明文

　　主題：藝術展覽

　　詞數：221

　　建議用時：8′

　　Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular modern artists. The Pompidou Center in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programs reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

　　The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

　　第一段第二句是本段的中心句，說明薩爾瓦多·達利作品的數量和種類之多，也是第1題的答案來源。

　　題干定位法：根據第3題題干可將關鍵信息定位到第二段第二句，該句介紹了展覽的布展方式：通過時間和主題。 Passage

　　1 語篇線索［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C ］

　　The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theater in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Center.

　　The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.

　　通過上下文提供的信息來猜測詞義：最后一段強調了對主要作品進行了精選，又提到這次展覽中的很多作品來自其他博物館，得到了同行的大力支持，由此可推測出第4題的答案。語篇線索 1.Which of the following best

　　describes Dali according to

　　Paragraph 1?

　　A.Optimistic.

　　B.Productive.

　　C.Generous.

　　D.Traditiona 2. What is Dali’s The Persistence of

　　Memory considered to be?

　　A.One of his masterworks.

　　B.A successful screen adaptation.

　　C.An artistic creation for the stage.

　　D.One of the best TV programs. 【語篇導讀】本文介紹了巴黎蓬皮杜藝術中心正在展出最受歡迎的現代藝術家之一薩爾瓦多·達利的藝術作品，并對此次展覽的作品、形式、展品的來源等進行了介紹。

　　1.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第二句 … with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.可知，達利的作品數量很多，這和productive（多產的）相呼應。

　　2.A【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. 可知，《記憶的永恒》是達利的代表作之一。 3. How are the exhibits arranged at the

　　World of Dali?

　　A.By popularity.

　　B.By importance.

　　C.By size and shape.

　　D.By time and subject. 4.What does the word

　　“contributions” in the last

　　paragraph refer to?

　　A.Artworks.

　　B.Projects.

　　C.Donations.

　　D.Documents. 3.D【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，該展覽是根據時間和主題來布展的。

　　4.A【解析】詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機構組織的合作而精選出的，所以contributions應指文中的major works，即藝術品。體裁：說明文

　　主題：動物生存狀態

　　詞數：323

　　建議用時：6′

　　Passenger pigeons (旅鴿) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

　　It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

　　Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

　　第一段給出了關鍵詞passenger pigeons， once以及in unbelievable numbers。由此可知本文主題為旅鴿的種群數量問題。第二段介紹旅鴿先前的數量之大，與下段形成了鮮明的對比。

　　第三段開頭的關鍵詞sadly引出一些對旅鴿不利的因素，可推斷出此處是在介紹旅鴿數量上的變化及變化原因。 Passage

　　2 語篇線索［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·B ］

　　By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驅散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.

　　In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1990.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914..

　　最后一段開頭指出了一部法律的頒布，通常法律的頒布是好的結果，但是本文給出的結果卻事與愿違。因此需要考慮作者點出頒布法律這件事的意圖。

　　語篇線索

　　1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries,

　　　passenger pigeons ______.

　　A.were the biggest bird in the world

　　B.lived mainly in the south of

　　America

　　C.did great harm to the natural

　　environment

　　D.were the largest bird population in

　　the U.S. 2.The underlined word “undoing”

　　probably refers to the pigeons’____.

　　A.escape

　　B.ruin

　　C.liberation

　　D.evolution 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。旅鴿的數量曾經多到飛行時能夠遮天蔽日，后來人類的濫捕濫殺和對它們棲息地的破壞導致了它們的滅絕。

　　1.D【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段第二句可知，18世紀到19世紀的文字記載中曾經描述過成群的旅鴿飛行時遮天蔽日的場景。第二段第一句也指出，旅鴿數量最多時達到30多億，占美國鳥類數量總和的24%—40%，甚至有可能是當時全世界數量最多的鳥類。由此可以斷定,當時是旅鴿數量最多的時候。A、B、C三項文中均未提及，故選D項。

　　2.B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據第三段內容可知，由于當時人們認為旅鴿數量很多，可以源源不斷地供應，因此成千上萬的旅鴿被捕殺。由此可以推斷第三段第一句意為：正是旅鴿的數量巨大導致了它們種群的滅亡。escape意為“逃跑”；ruin意為“毀滅”；liberation意為“解放”；evolution意為“進化”。故選B項。

　　3. What was the main reason for

　　people to kill passenger pigeons?

　　A.To seek pleasure.

　　B.To save other birds.

　　C.To make money.

　　D.To protect crops. 4.What can we infer about the law

　　passed in Michigan?

　　A.It was ignored by the public.

　　B.It was declared too late.

　　C.It was unfair.

　　D.It was strict. 3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句可知，旅鴿被運到大城市，接著又被賣到餐館。由此可以推斷人們捕殺旅鴿主要是為了賺錢。故選C項。

　　4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第一句可知，盡管密歇根州在1897年頒布了禁止獵殺旅鴿的法律，但是那個時候，當地人已經有10年沒有見過成群旅鴿的出現了。由此可以推斷，這項法律的頒布有點太遲了。故選B項。

　　700分考法

　　完美應對題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查生詞詞義的推測考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測考法3

　　考查it， they， them等代詞的指

　　代對象考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子考法1

　　考查生詞詞義的推測例［廣東2024·D］【解析】詞義猜測題。根據A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society… 可知，90% 的人仍然把自己劃分在一定的階層中；73%的人認為階級仍然是英國社會的一個重要部分。由此可知畫線詞意為“階級劃分”，故選B項。

　　B 42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3

　　is closest in meaning to______.

　　A.variety

　　B.division

　　C.authority

　　D.qualification 考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測例［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C］【解析】詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機構組織的合作而精選出的，所以contributions應指文中的major works，即藝術品。故選A項。

　　A 31.What does the word “contributions”

　　in the last paragraph

　　refer to?

　　A. Artworks.

　　B. Projects.

　　C. Donations.

　　D. Documents. 考法3

　　考查it， they， them等代詞的指代對象例［湖南2024·A ］【解析】詞義猜測題。根據Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? 以及接下來的一段可知they 指的是cyclists。故選D項。

　　D 59. The underlined word “they” in

　　the third letter refers to_______.

　　A. accidents

　　B. vehicles

　　C. pedestrians

　　D. cyclists 考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子例［福建2024·D ］【解析】句意猜測題。最后一段為總結段落，畫線部分采用了暗喻的修辭方法（從心靈監獄中釋放出來），而這里的the jail of your mind指的是第二段第一句中所提到的tension，故選C項。

　　C 70.Which of the following best explains

　　the underlined part in the last

　　paragraph?

　　A. Escape from your punishment.

　　B. Realization of your dreams.