In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. ［難句理解］ 結構分析：句中主句的主干是Napoleon receives a representative；In a scene… Peace是介詞短語作地點狀語, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812是“名詞+現在分詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構，作時間狀語，相當于when the wars had reached the critical year of 1812；最后的who has come with peace terms是定語從句，先行詞是a representative(代表)。 漢語大意：在《戰爭與和平》第三卷的一場戲里，戰爭到了決定性的1812,拿破倫接待沙皇派來的進行和平條約談判的一個代表。 * * * * 2008年廣東高考真題 41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means ____.

　　A. interest

　　B. distance

　　C. difference

　　D. separation 41. C

　　詞義猜測題。由上文，特別是There was just a complete gap in taste (在興趣方面簡直完全不同)中的gap，以及下句，特別是move in separate orbits(在不同軌道上運行，即完全不一樣)可知，上幾代的父母與他們的小孩不只是在音樂愛好方面有“差異”，而且有從發型、衣著，到活動、期望等各方面，都有很大的“差異”。事實上，Music was not the only gulf.是承上啟下的句子，gulf就是gap的同義詞復現，gap的英語釋義是a difference that separates people, or their opinions, situation, etc.，故選difference。 A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? 42. D

　　細節理解題。用disappear搜索，找到“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families(如今，代溝雖然還沒有消失，但是在許多家庭里已在逐漸變小了)”，這句是本文的主題句，其后就是主題句的支撐句。選項C對性和吸毒的話題較上代人“談得更多”與文中“上代人不談(would not have taken place a generation ago)”不符，應排除；選項A和B只含文中個別單詞(如trust, interests, activities)，但與文中意義不符，應排除；選項D是對本段主題句后的幾句(talk about sex and drugs, parent-child activities )的概括；事實上，本文前三段是為了引出主題句，第一段是對現在情況的描述，第二和第三段是對過去情況的回憶，選項D也是對第一段的概括(dress alike, listen to the same music, talk about interests)，故選D。 A. more confusion among parents

　　B. new equality between parents and children C. less respect for parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is ____. 43. B

　　細節理解題。本題是問“如今父母與子女關系的變化是什么”，即有什么變化，用change搜索，根據命題的順序性，很快在第六段找到“but there is a change happening(有一種變化在發生)”，在其前后找對應各選項的相關信息；選項A和選項C都是that change的結果，而不是變化本身，都應排除；選項D與事實恰恰相反，應排除；用選項B中的new equality在文中搜索，找到本段第一句But family experts warn that the new equality…這里的the new equality(新型的平等關系)就是對前段或上文所說的父母與子女關系的變化的概括，故選B。 A. follow the trend of the change

　　B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously

　　D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents ____. 44. A

　　細節理解題。結合上一段可知，today’s parents就是20世紀60年代后的父母，他們與孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他們應當是“順應這種變化趨勢”的。 A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent-child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent-child relationship D. compare today’s parent-child relationship with that in the past 45. The purpose of the passage is to _____.

　　45. B

　　寫作目的題。由主題句“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families”及全文，可知本文是討論父母與子女關系的變化發展的，故選B。 ［復記強化］ distant

　　adj. 疏遠的

　　authority

　　n. 權威;威信 confusion

　　n. 困惑 evolving

　　adj. 正在變化的 open communication坦誠交流 democratic process民主進程 Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. ［難句理解］ 結構分析：這是一個有38個詞的長句，主句he remembers… his parents的前面和后面都各有一個由when引導的時間狀語從句，在第一個時間狀語從句中(that) both enjoy是一個定語從句，修飾interests。

　　漢語大意：有時，當鮑爾默先生和他十六歲的女兒伊莉莎白一起欣賞搖滾音樂，或一起談論共同愛好，如大眾文化的時候，他會回憶起他十幾歲時同他父母的那種更為疏遠的關系。 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you ____.

　　A. dare to challenge yourself

　　B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself

　　D. have a high opinion of yourself 46. C

　　細節理解題。用build a positive self-image搜尋，根據命題的順序原則，很快在第一段末找到“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself (當你覺得對自信產生質疑時，就是你該建立積極的自我形象并學會愛自己的時候了)”，believing in yourself is a challenge就是you are unconfident about yourself的另一種表達，故選C。 A. have positive effects

　　B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable

　　D. have different functions 47. According to the passage, our self-images ___. 47. B

　　細節理解題。根據命題的順序性原則，在第二段找到“Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be(不幸的是, 大多數這種自我形象都比它們本來的事實更加否定)”,可見“自我形象可能不真實”，故選B。 A. To keep a different image of others.

　　B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world.

　　D. To change the way you think. 48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage? 48. D

　　細節理解題。用change your self-image搜索，在第二段找到最后一句 “Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world”,可見選D。 A. How to prepare for your success.

　　B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image.

　　D. How to develop your good qualities. 49. What is the passage mainly about? 49. C

　　主旨大意題。第一段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第三段首句的the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to…，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to…都是說明如何肯定的自我形象的。 A. Parents.

　　B. Adolescents.

　　C. Educators.

　　D. People in general. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? 50. B

　　推理判斷題。由第一段第四句中we’re the apple of our parents eyes…our Grandmas think we’re…and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics等可知，本文應當是寫給青少年閱讀的。 ［復記強化］ tricky

　　adj. 需要技巧的

　　positive

　　adj. 肯定的；積極的 passive

　　adj. 消極的

　　negative

　　adj. 否定的；消極的 primary

　　adj. 初期的 objective

　　adj. 真實的；客觀的 far from遠遠不；完全不

　　convince yourself of使你自己相信…… go a long way towards有助于

　　pat yourself on the back自我恭維; 自己贊揚自己 ［難句理解］Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. 結構分析：本句中Changing the way…and working on those是兩個并列的動名詞作主語；在這兩個并列的動名詞短語后面又各有一個定語從句，分別修飾way和those。

　　漢語大意：改變你思考的方式和努力提升你的弱項，將有助于促進積極的自我形象。 A. far from the historical facts

　　B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts

　　D. not related to historical details 51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ____. 51. C

　　細節理解題。由第一段倒數第三句 “it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts…(這里要討論的問題，不是托爾斯泰描寫的準確性——與史料記載并未相去甚遠，而是他對事實材料的選擇，有關這個人的其他事情本來可以說的卻沒有說)” 可知，特別是choice與選項中的selection是同義表達。選項A“不符合歷史事實”和選項D“與歷史細節無關”與文中not that far off from historical accounts不符，應排除；選項B“以俄國歷史為依據”是無中生有，應排除。 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because ____.

　　A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with 52. A

　　細節理解題。用angry或representative搜尋，在第二段中部找到關鍵信息，由“Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms (拿破侖非常生氣：難道他沒有更多的軍隊了？提出和平條件的應該是他，而不是沙皇)” 可知，選A。選項D與文中doesn’t he have more army?意思相反，選項B和C是無中生有。 A. To walk out of the room in anger.

　　B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar.

　　D. To express his admiration. 53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? 53. D

　　推理判斷題。由倒數第二段的第一句“Well, well, why don’t you say anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. (“為什么一句話也不說？”他說。好像有他在場，除了他拿破倫外，尊敬任何人都是荒謬的)可推斷，他是希望沙皇代表對他表達尊敬或贊美。 A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

　　B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe

　　D. crazy for power and respect 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is ____. 54. D

　　推理判斷題。由第二段中的He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms可推出拿破倫對power的渴望；由第三段最后一句可推知拿破侖對respect的渴望。 A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

　　55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? 55. A

　　推斷隱含意義。“Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.”的字面意思是“托爾斯泰做過研究，但作品是他自己的”；結合本文論點“通過選材來勾畫角色的品性是小說家的一種慣用手法”不難推知，小說家是可以根據自己的意志來選材的，例如一個人有對有錯，想說這個人壞，可以挑選他做過的壞事來寫，想說他好，可以挑選他做過的好事來寫，即雖然都是事實，但不一定完全忠實對這個人所有的了解。選項B、C、D都推理過度。 復 記 強 化 undersize

　　adj.

　　較一般人矮小的

　　issue

　　n.

　　議題；要討論的問題 critical

　　adj. 起決定作用的

　　ridiculous

　　adj. 荒謬的；可笑的 powdered

　　adj.

　　粉狀的

　　present

　　vt. 呈現；介紹 historical accounts史料記載

　　the accuracy of ……的準確性 that is the point這就是問題的實質

　　engage sb. in sth.使某人參加或從事某事 in sb.’s presence有某人在場

　　crazy for渴望得到 * * * *

　　In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. ［難句理解］ 結構分析：句中主句的主干是Napoleon receives a representative；In a scene… Peace是介詞短語作地點狀語, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812是“名詞+現在分詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構，作時間狀語，相當于when the wars had reached the critical year of 1812；最后的who has come with peace terms是定語從句，先行詞是a representative(代表)。 漢語大意：在《戰爭與和平》第三卷的一場戲里，戰爭到了決定性的1812,拿破倫接待沙皇派來的進行和平條約談判的一個代表。 * * * * 2008年廣東高考真題 41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means ____.

　　A. interest

　　B. distance

　　C. difference

　　D. separation 41. C

　　詞義猜測題。由上文，特別是There was just a complete gap in taste (在興趣方面簡直完全不同)中的gap，以及下句，特別是move in separate orbits(在不同軌道上運行，即完全不一樣)可知，上幾代的父母與他們的小孩不只是在音樂愛好方面有“差異”，而且有從發型、衣著，到活動、期望等各方面，都有很大的“差異”。事實上，Music was not the only gulf.是承上啟下的句子，gulf就是gap的同義詞復現，gap的英語釋義是a difference that separates people, or their opinions, situation, etc.，故選difference。 A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? 42. D

　　細節理解題。用disappear搜索，找到“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families(如今，代溝雖然還沒有消失，但是在許多家庭里已在逐漸變小了)”，這句是本文的主題句，其后就是主題句的支撐句。選項C對性和吸毒的話題較上代人“談得更多”與文中“上代人不談(would not have taken place a generation ago)”不符，應排除；選項A和B只含文中個別單詞(如trust, interests, activities)，但與文中意義不符，應排除；選項D是對本段主題句后的幾句(talk about sex and drugs, parent-child activities )的概括；事實上，本文前三段是為了引出主題句，第一段是對現在情況的描述，第二和第三段是對過去情況的回憶，選項D也是對第一段的概括(dress alike, listen to the same music, talk about interests)，故選D。 A. more confusion among parents

　　B. new equality between parents and children C. less respect for parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is ____. 43. B

　　細節理解題。本題是問“如今父母與子女關系的變化是什么”，即有什么變化，用change搜索，根據命題的順序性，很快在第六段找到“but there is a change happening(有一種變化在發生)”，在其前后找對應各選項的相關信息；選項A和選項C都是that change的結果，而不是變化本身，都應排除；選項D與事實恰恰相反，應排除；用選項B中的new equality在文中搜索，找到本段第一句But family experts warn that the new equality…這里的the new equality(新型的平等關系)就是對前段或上文所說的父母與子女關系的變化的概括，故選B。 A. follow the trend of the change

　　B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously

　　D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents ____. 44. A

　　細節理解題。結合上一段可知，today’s parents就是20世紀60年代后的父母，他們與孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他們應當是“順應這種變化趨勢”的。 A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent-child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent-child relationship D. compare today’s parent-child relationship with that in the past 45. The purpose of the passage is to _____.

　　45. B

　　寫作目的題。由主題句“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families”及全文，可知本文是討論父母與子女關系的變化發展的，故選B。 ［復記強化］ distant

　　adj. 疏遠的

　　authority

　　n. 權威;威信 confusion

　　n. 困惑 evolving

　　adj. 正在變化的 open communication坦誠交流 democratic process民主進程 Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. ［難句理解］ 結構分析：這是一個有38個詞的長句，主句he remembers… his parents的前面和后面都各有一個由when引導的時間狀語從句，在第一個時間狀語從句中(that) both enjoy是一個定語從句，修飾interests。

　　漢語大意：有時，當鮑爾默先生和他十六歲的女兒伊莉莎白一起欣賞搖滾音樂，或一起談論共同愛好，如大眾文化的時候，他會回憶起他十幾歲時同他父母的那種更為疏遠的關系。 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you ____.

　　A. dare to challenge yourself

　　B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself

　　D. have a high opinion of yourself 46. C

　　細節理解題。用build a positive self-image搜尋，根據命題的順序原則，很快在第一段末找到“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself (當你覺得對自信產生質疑時，就是你該建立積極的自我形象并學會愛自己的時候了)”，believing in yourself is a challenge就是you are unconfident about yourself的另一種表達，故選C。 A. have positive effects

　　B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable

　　D. have different functions 47. According to the passage, our self-images ___. 47. B

　　細節理解題。根據命題的順序性原則，在第二段找到“Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be(不幸的是, 大多數這種自我形象都比它們本來的事實更加否定)”,可見“自我形象可能不真實”，故選B。 A. To keep a different image of others.

　　B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world.

　　D. To change the way you think. 48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage? 48. D

　　細節理解題。用change your self-image搜索，在第二段找到最后一句 “Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world”,可見選D。 A. How to prepare for your success.

　　B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image.

　　D. How to develop your good qualities. 49. What is the passage mainly about? 49. C

　　主旨大意題。第一段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第三段首句的the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to…，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to…都是說明如何肯定的自我形象的。 A. Parents.

　　B. Adolescents.

　　C. Educators.

　　D. People in general. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? 50. B

　　推理判斷題。由第一段第四句中we’re the apple of our parents eyes…our Grandmas think we’re…and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics等可知，本文應當是寫給青少年閱讀的。 ［復記強化］ tricky

　　adj. 需要技巧的

　　positive

　　adj. 肯定的；積極的 passive

　　adj. 消極的

　　negative

　　adj. 否定的；消極的 primary

　　adj. 初期的 objective

　　adj. 真實的；客觀的 far from遠遠不；完全不

　　convince yourself of使你自己相信…… go a long way towards有助于

　　pat yourself on the back自我恭維; 自己贊揚自己 ［難句理解］Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. 結構分析：本句中Changing the way…and working on those是兩個并列的動名詞作主語；在這兩個并列的動名詞短語后面又各有一個定語從句，分別修飾way和those。

　　漢語大意：改變你思考的方式和努力提升你的弱項，將有助于促進積極的自我形象。 A. far from the historical facts

　　B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts

　　D. not related to historical details 51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ____. 51. C

　　細節理解題。由第一段倒數第三句 “it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts…(這里要討論的問題，不是托爾斯泰描寫的準確性——與史料記載并未相去甚遠，而是他對事實材料的選擇，有關這個人的其他事情本來可以說的卻沒有說)” 可知，特別是choice與選項中的selection是同義表達。選項A“不符合歷史事實”和選項D“與歷史細節無關”與文中not that far off from historical accounts不符，應排除；選項B“以俄國歷史為依據”是無中生有，應排除。 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because ____.

　　A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with 52. A

　　細節理解題。用angry或representative搜尋，在第二段中部找到關鍵信息，由“Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms (拿破侖非常生氣：難道他沒有更多的軍隊了？提出和平條件的應該是他，而不是沙皇)” 可知，選A。選項D與文中doesn’t he have more army?意思相反，選項B和C是無中生有。 A. To walk out of the room in anger.

　　B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar.

　　D. To express his admiration. 53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? 53. D

　　推理判斷題。由倒數第二段的第一句“Well, well, why don’t you say anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. (“為什么一句話也不說？”他說。好像有他在場，除了他拿破倫外，尊敬任何人都是荒謬的)可推斷，他是希望沙皇代表對他表達尊敬或贊美。 A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

　　B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe

　　D. crazy for power and respect 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is ____. 54. D

　　推理判斷題。由第二段中的He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms可推出拿破倫對power的渴望；由第三段最后一句可推知拿破侖對respect的渴望。 A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

　　55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? 55. A

　　推斷隱含意義。“Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.”的字面意思是“托爾斯泰做過研究，但作品是他自己的”；結合本文論點“通過選材來勾畫角色的品性是小說家的一種慣用手法”不難推知，小說家是可以根據自己的意志來選材的，例如一個人有對有錯，想說這個人壞，可以挑選他做過的壞事來寫，想說他好，可以挑選他做過的好事來寫，即雖然都是事實，但不一定完全忠實對這個人所有的了解。選項B、C、D都推理過度。 復 記 強 化 undersize

　　adj.

　　較一般人矮小的

　　issue

　　n.

　　議題；要討論的問題 critical

　　adj. 起決定作用的

　　ridiculous

　　adj. 荒謬的；可笑的 powdered

　　adj.

　　粉狀的

　　present

　　vt. 呈現；介紹 historical accounts史料記載

　　the accuracy of ……的準確性 that is the point這就是問題的實質

　　engage sb. in sth.使某人參加或從事某事 in sb.’s presence有某人在場

　　crazy for渴望得到 * * * *