【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復習精品學案：SBⅠUnits 7-8
SBⅠUnits 7-8
重點句型
1.Where there is a river, there is a city.
(SBⅠ U7)
凡有河流的地方必有城市。
where是連接副詞，引導狀語從句，意為“在/到……地方”，相當于介詞in/at/to + the place + where從句（定語從句）。
where引導狀語從句和定語從句的區別：
①where引導狀語從句時，它的前面沒有先行詞，不能用“介詞+which”替代。有時含有條件意味。
②where引導定語從句時它的前面有先行詞，可用“介詞+which”替代。
①Crops grow well __________________(在有……的地方) plenty of sunshine.
②You should put the book__________________ (回原處)．
③— Mom, what did your doctor say?
— He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher.
A. in where
B. in which
C. the place where
D. where
【答案】
①where there is
②where it was
③D where引導的是地點狀語從句，表示“住在空氣更新鮮的地方”。選項C如果是in the place where也是正確的。“介詞+which”不能替代引導狀語從句的where，故不可選B項。
2. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project. （SBⅠ U7）
據說它是這個城市最大的文化遺跡修復工程。
It is said that sb. do sth.
主動式 sb. is said to do sth./to be doing sth./to have done sth.
被動式 sth. is said to be done/to have been done
注意：表示在謂語動詞（is said）之后才發生的動作用不定式的一般式(to do）；表示與謂語動詞（is said）同時進行用不定式的進行式(to be doing)；表示在謂語動詞（is said）的動作之前發生或完成的動作用不定式的完成式(to have done)。如果不定式與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式用被動式。
改寫下列句子
①It is said that the boy is working on a model plane.
= The boy ________________________ on a model plane.
②They are said to have won the game.
= It ________________________ the game.
③— Is Bob still performing?
— I'm afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
【答案】
①is said to be working
②is said that they have won
③A 從already 一詞可以明顯看出Bob離開舞臺是過去已經發生的事情，故須用不定式的完成式。
與以上用法相同的句型還有：
It is believed/thought/reported that…
= sb. is believed/thought/reported to do sth.
= sth. is believed/thought/reported to be done
人們認為/據報道……
People consider that sb./sth.…
= sb. is considered to do
= sth. is considered to be done
人們認為……
3. Many of the sports were the same as they
are now. （SBⅠ U8）
許多項目和現在的相同。
the same as 意為“和……相同，與……一樣”，表示同類事物。
the same that 意為“和……是同一個”，表示同一事物。
This is the same bag as I lost last week.
這與我上周丟掉的包是一樣的。
This is the same/very bag that I lost last week.
這正好是我上周丟掉的那一個包。
such…as意為“像……這/那樣的 ”，表示同類事物。
①This is the same book __________________(我丟失的) yesterday.
②Tom has changed a lot, and most of his classmates say that he is not the same (他過去那樣)．
【答案】
①that I lost
②as what he used to be what引導賓語從句，并作be的表語。
4. We will do everything we can to save our
city!(SBⅠ U7)
我們會盡力拯救我們的城市！
They do their best to win medals.(SBⅠ U8)
他們竭盡全力奪取獎牌。
句式①、②中，one can是定語從句，everything和all是先行詞，省略了關系代詞that；句式③中的what引導的是賓語從句；四個句式中的to do都是作目的狀語。
注意：句式①、②、③中can后省略了動詞do，后跟帶to的不定式。
The doctors did everything they could to save his son.
醫生們竭盡全力搶救他兒子。
try to do sth.（= attempt to do sth.） 試圖做某事
make the greatest effort to do sth.
盡最大努力做某事
①I think we should _____________________________ (盡力阻止) the factory polluting the air.
②The student spent as much time as he could ______ spoken English.
A. practise
B. to practise
C. practising
D. practised
【答案】
①do everything we can to stop
②C 該題考查的是spend + time+ (in) doing sth.這一句式，as he could是定語從句，省略了動詞spend，修飾time。 課文原句高考對照
Where there is a river, there is a city.
凡是有河流的地方，就有城市。
_____ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.(2009?江蘇卷)
A. Before
B. Where
C. Unless
D. Until
解析：選B。句意：在失業率和犯罪率高的
地方，可以想象得到，后者是前者引起的
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.
堅強、自豪與團結的圣彼得堡人民是俄國的現代英雄。
After the long journey, the three of them
went back home, ______.(2008?北京卷)
A. hungry and tiredly
B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly
D. hungrily and tired
解析：選B。句意：長途旅程后，他們三個
回到家，又餓又累。本題考查形容詞作狀語
，表示伴隨的情況。hungry and tired在句中
修飾the three of them, 如同strong, proud and
united在句中修飾people一樣。
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
It is said to be the city's largest ever cultural relics repair project.
這個工程據說是這個城市最大的文化遺址修復工程。
AIDS is said ______ the biggest health
challenge to both men and women in that
area over the past few years.(2006?湖北卷)
A. that it is
B. to be
C. that it has been
D. to have been
解析：選D。句意：據說，在過去的幾年中，
艾滋病對于那個地區的男女來說已是最大的健
康挑戰。It is said that從句可轉為sb./sth. Be
said to do/to be doing/to have done 的形式。由
于句中有時間狀語over the past few years，故
而動詞不定式里用完成結構，這是不同于“課
文原句”所在的地方。
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
It is said to be the city's largest ever cultural relics repair project.
這個工程據說是這個城市最大的文化遺址修復工程。
It is often ______ that human beings are
naturally equipped to speak. (2009?全國卷
Ⅱ)
A. said
B. to say
C. saying
D. being said
解析：選A。
語法精講
——主謂一致
高考對主謂一致的考查有三個明顯的特點：
1.考查基本的主謂一致規則。
2.增加試題的綜合性，考查主謂一致的同時考查其他知識，如：時態、語態及句式（如：倒裝句）。
3.增加試題的語境化因素。
語法一致的原則
(1)兩個作主語的名詞或代詞由with或as well as連接時，謂語動詞同with或as well as前的一個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。這些介詞短語（在句中作狀語）還有：including, besides, except, but, together, together with, along with等。
例如：
The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.
老師和學生們在圖書館看書。
The room with its furniture was rented.
帶家具的房間已租出。
(2)each以及由any-, every-, some-, no-構成的復合代詞都當作單數看待。例如：
Somebody is asking you on the phone.
有人打電話給你。
但它們的反意問句用單復數均可。例如：
Everybody was watching TV, wasn’t he / weren’t they?
大家都在看電視，是嗎？
(3)關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。例如：
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
想去的請舉手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
人類使用的有些能量來自太陽。
This is the only one of the books on the subject that has been written in Chinese.
這是唯一的一本有關這一科目的中文書。
(4)由every/no+名詞+and+every/no+名詞構成的詞組作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area
was invited.
(1)主語由and或both…and連接，謂語一般用復數，但如果表示同一概念，指同一個人或同一件事物時（這時and后的名詞沒有冠詞），謂語動詞就要用單數。例如：
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (bread and butter指的是一種食品：涂有黃油的面包)
黃油面包在西方是一種日常食品。
由and連接兩個疑問詞引導的從句或疑問詞接不定式作主語，如果是一件事情的兩個方面，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果是兩件事情，則用復數。例如：
Where and how to find the lost child is unknown to us.（指一件事情的兩個方面）
我們仍不知道去哪里以及怎樣找到丟失的孩子。
What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.（指兩件事）
我的所思所想全都反應在我的試卷上。
(2)有些名詞如police, public, people, cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。例如：
Are there any police around?
旁邊有警察嗎？
(3) 有些名詞如news, works, physics, politics, means看似復數形式，但意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。例如：
The news was very exciting.
這消息很令人激動。
(4)表示金錢、時間、價格、重量、長度、距離、溫度等度量衡的名詞詞組以及書名等作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞一般用單數。例如：
Three weeks is not enough to finish the work.
完成這項工作3周不夠。
Ten yuan is enough.
10元錢就夠了。
(5)有些集體名詞如family, group, class, team, crowd, crew, company, population等，如果被認為是一個不可分割的整體，其謂語動詞用單數；若強調它集合起來的一群人，則謂語動詞用復數。例如：
My family is a big one.（指整個家庭）
我的家庭是個大家庭。
My family are watching TV.（指全體家庭成員）
我的家人正在看電視。
(6) the + adj.（或分詞）用作主語，表示某一類人時，謂語動詞用復數；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數。例如：
The young are usually very active.
年輕人通常都很積極。
The good in him is greater than the bad.
他的優點比缺點多。
(7)名詞詞組中心詞是all, most, half, rest, part等，表示的是復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式；反之，用單數。例如：
All of my classmates work hard.
我所有的同學學習都很努力。
All of the water is gone.所有的水都沒了。
(8)(large) quantities of 修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞作主語， large amounts of 修飾不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。例如：
Large quantities of water are needed in the factory which we visited last week.
我們上周去參觀的工廠需要大量的水。
(9)one and a half+復數名詞； one or two+復數名詞；more+復數名詞+than one等結構作主語時謂語動詞多用復數。例如：
One or two reasons were suggested.
有人提出了一兩個建議。
就近一致的原則
(1)由具有選擇意思的連詞，如：not only…but also, or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞應與最靠近的主語保持一致。例如：
Either he or you are going there.
要么他，要么你將去那兒。
Is either he or you going there?
是他還是你去那兒呢？
(2)either of, neither of, none of之后接名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數。例如：
Either of them is right.
他們中每個都是對的。
(3)由“分數（或百分數）+of+名詞”以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of, a large amount of, the rest of, a heap of, heaps of+名詞”構成短語時，謂語動詞的數根據of后的名詞的數決定。
例如：
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
現場2/3的人都反對這個計劃。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的3/4是海洋。
(4)the number of+可數名詞復數，the amount of+不可數名詞，the quantity of+可數名詞復數或不可數名詞構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。例如：
The number of students in our school is increasing.
我們學校學生數目在增加。
The quantity of books in the library is amazing.
圖書館的圖書數量多得驚人。
(5)在倒裝句中，謂語通常采取就近一致原則。例如：
