必修五　Unit 1　Great scientists

　　1. 課前自測 2. 課堂學(xué)案 詞匯接龍

　　1. _______(vt. 分析)→_______(n. 分析；分解)→_______(n.分析家) 2. _______(vt. 打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 n. 失敗)→_______(adj. 挨打的；被打敗的) 3. _______(vt. 拒絕；不接受；拋棄)→_______(n. 拒絕；拋棄)→_______(adj. 拒絕的；排斥的) 4. _______(vt. 向……挑戰(zhàn) n. 挑戰(zhàn))→_______ (adj. 有挑戰(zhàn)性的)→_______(n. 挑戰(zhàn)者) 5. ______(vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光)→______(adj. 暴露的；無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的)→ _______(n. 暴露) 6. _______(vt.& vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出)→_______(n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束)→_______(adj. 令人確信的；毫無疑問的) 7. _______(vt. 宣布；通告)→_______(n. 宣布；通告；聲明)→_______(n. 廣播員；播音員；節(jié)目主持人) 課前自測

　　Key:1. analyse; analysis; analyst　2. defeat; defeated　3. reject; rejection; rejective 4. challenge; challenging; challenger　5. expose; exposed; exposure 6. conclude; conclusion; conclusive　7. announce; announcement; announcer 詞匯接龍

　　8.

　　_________(vt. & vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助)→_________〔n. 捐獻(xiàn)(物)；貢獻(xiàn)(物)；捐款；保險(xiǎn)金〕→_________(n. 捐款人；捐助人) 9. _________(vt. 命令；指示；教導(dǎo))→_________(n. 操作指南；使用說明)→ _________(adj. 有教育意義的；有啟發(fā)性的)→_________(n. 教練；指導(dǎo)者) 10. _________(vt. 認(rèn)為；懷疑 n. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯)→ _________(adj. 有嫌疑的；可疑的)→________(n. 懷疑；嫌疑)→________(adj. 懷疑的；有嫌疑的)

　　Key:8. contribute; contribution; contributor 9. instruct; instruction; instructive; instructor 10. suspect; suspected; suspicion; suspicious 詞塊互譯 1. 提出一個(gè)理論

　　________ a theory 2. ________________

　　draw a conclusion 3. 使某人面臨危險(xiǎn)

　　expose someone ________ 4. 某人應(yīng)為某事受到責(zé)備

　　sb. be ________ (for) 5. 吸收知識

　　________ knowledge 6. 將手柄從水泵上移走

　　________ the handle ________ the pump 7. 指示人們不要做……

　　instruct people ________… 8. 阻止這件事再次發(fā)生

　　prevent this ________ again 9. ________________

　　apart from… 10. ________________

　　make sense Key:1. put forward　2. 得出一個(gè)結(jié)論　3. to danger　4. to blame　5. absorb 6. remove; from　7. not to do　8. from happening　9. 除……之外 10. 有意義；講得通 句型補(bǔ)全

　　1.

　　So many thousands of terrified people died ______________ an outbreak.

　　所以每次暴發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。

　　(every time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句) 2.

　　It seemed that the water ______________.

　　看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?(blame用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義) 3.

　　A woman…liked the water from the pump so much that she ______________ her house every day.……一位婦女特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到她家里來。 (have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)) 4.

　　Only if you put the sun there ______________ the movements of the other planets in the sky ______________.

　　只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通。 (倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)) 5.

　　He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets ___________…

　　他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)…… (with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) Key:1. every time there was　2. was to blame　3. had it delivered to 4. did; make sense　5. going around it

　　課文回顧 Key: 1. inspired　2. were exposed　3. because　4. solve　5. explaining　6. that　7. meals 8. where　9. to blame　10. Finally John Snow, a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century, became __1__ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who __2__ (expose) to cholera, a deadly disease of its day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak __3__ neither its cause nor its cure was understood. John wanted to help __4__ (solve) the problem. He got interested in two theories __5__ (explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory __6__ suggested that people absorbed the disease with their __7__ (meal). In 1854, when another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test the two theories. He marked on a map __8__ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. He suspected that the polluted water was __9__ (blame). After more investigations, he announced with certainty that the polluted water carried the virus. So he suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. __10__ (final), “King Cholera” was defeated.

　　　 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 課堂學(xué)案 【詞塊助記】 1. attend

　　vt. 出席；參加；照顧；護(hù)理

　　1. (2024湖南卷) When I was chosen to attend the match, I felt nervous at first, for my English was not good. 當(dāng)我被選中參加比賽時(shí)，起初我很緊張，因?yàn)槲业挠⒄Z不好。 2. It suddenly occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 他突然想到次日上午有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要出席。 attend school/church/a lecture/a meeting/a wedding/a party 上學(xué)/去教堂/聽講座/出席會(huì)議/出席婚禮/參加聚會(huì) attend sb. 照顧/看護(hù)某人 attend on sb. 照料/侍候某人 attend to sth./sb. 處理某事/照料、照顧某人 1. It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend) since I came to this school. 2. (2024福建卷改編)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants attend the opening ceremony. Key：1. have attended　2. attend前加to 【詞塊助記】 2. expose vt. 揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。 2. We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我們一定要向報(bào)社揭露這一無恥行徑。 3. We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible. 我們想讓孩子們盡可能多地受到藝術(shù)和文化的熏陶。

　　expose sth. 揭露、揭發(fā)某事 expose sb./sth. to 使某人體驗(yàn)/某物暴露于…… be exposed to 接觸到；被暴露于 【構(gòu)詞】exposure n. 暴露；曝光；揭露 exposure to the elements 經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹雨打 double exposure 兩次曝光(的照片) public exposure 當(dāng)眾揭發(fā)

　　1. (2024重慶卷改編) In some Middle Eastern countries, expose your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman. 2. Children exposing ________ (they) to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging tasks. Key：1. expose改為 exposing　2. themselves 【詞塊助記】 3. absorb

　　vt. 吸收(液、氣體等)；吸引(注意)；使專心 1. (2024北京卷)But some materials slow and scatter light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. 但有些物質(zhì)減緩或散射光線，使它偏離原來的軌道；其他的則吸收光，使其在傳播路線上突然消失。 2. I get so absorbed in doing something that I am unaware of things happening around me. 我做事太過專心以至于對周圍發(fā)生的事情絲毫未察覺。

　　absorb(＝take in) sth. (light/heat) 吸收(光、熱)等 absorb…into… 把……吸入/并入…… be absorbed in＝ be buried in ＝ concentrate on全神貫注于；專心致志于 1. I found him sitting in his chair, completely ________ (absorb) in a magazine. 2. Most little shops have absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis. Key：1. absorbed　2. 在have后加been 【詞塊助記】 4. blame vt. 指責(zé)；責(zé)怪；歸咎于

　　n. 責(zé)備； 責(zé)任；過失 1. (2024湖北卷) Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. 還有些人把責(zé)任推到美國人身上， 抱怨體重增加是因?yàn)槌粤颂嗟拿朗娇觳汀?2. Maybe we should blame Geely for not paying attention. 也許我們應(yīng)該責(zé)備吉利的疏忽大意。 3. (2024湖北卷) It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. 這純粹是一個(gè)提問，我語氣中沒有責(zé)備或憤怒。 sb./sth. be to blame 某人應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)歸咎于……(不用被動(dòng)式) the one to blame 應(yīng)受責(zé)備的人(不用被動(dòng)式) blame…on 把某事歸咎于…… blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因?yàn)椤?zé)備某人 take/bear the blame for

　　承擔(dān)(對壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任 put/lay the blame on sb. 把責(zé)任歸咎于…… 【拓展】sb. be to blame for sth. “某人該因某事受到責(zé)備”，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，英語中類似的表達(dá)還有：This kind of clothes sell well.這種衣服好賣。The house is to let. 此房出租。The chair needs repairing. 這把椅子需要修理。 The film is worth seeing twice. 這部電影值得再看一遍。 1. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to be blame.

　　2. (2024重慶卷改編) While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for make us fat. Key：1.去掉be　2. make改為making 5. contribute vi. & vt. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；投稿 1. I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我們每一個(gè)人都能夠?qū)ξ磥淼氖澜缬兴暙I(xiàn)。 2. (2024山東卷) Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. 皮爾森還做出了其他決定，他堅(jiān)信這些決定將有助于提升Sparrow新的品牌形象。 3. I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes. 我大部分收入是靠寫書賺的，但有時(shí)也會(huì)向雜志投稿。 (sb.)contribute to sth. (某人)為……作貢獻(xiàn) (sth.)contribute to sth. (某物)有助于/促成…… contribute sth. to sth. 為……捐獻(xiàn)；投稿 【詞塊助記】 【構(gòu)詞】contribution n. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿 make contributions/a contribution to 對……作出貢獻(xiàn) 1. (2024全國卷Ⅰ改編) The birds were forced to go further north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed their decline. 2. Eating too much fat contribute to heart disease and causes high blood pressure. Key：1. 在contributed后加to　2. contribute 改為contributes 6. put forward 提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前

　　1. Are you serious in putting forward such a view? 你提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是認(rèn)真的嗎？ 2. May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能推薦你出任委員會(huì)主席嗎？ 3. Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘往前撥10分鐘。 4. At such a time of crisis, we must try to put aside all differences of party or class. 在如此危機(jī)時(shí)刻，我們得先把黨派或階級的分歧擱置一旁。 5. (2024全國卷Ⅱ) This year, 25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS). 高等院校招生辦提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年有25 310名已被高校錄取的大學(xué)生推遲到明年入學(xué)。

　　【頭腦風(fēng)暴】 put aside

　　節(jié)省；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存，放在一邊 put away 放好；收起來，積蓄 put off

　　延期；推遲 put down 寫下，記下；放下 put on 穿上；演出 put out 熄滅；生產(chǎn) put up 舉起；張貼；公布；掛起；建造 7. make sense 講得通；有意義 1. Do not be discouraged if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. 如果一開始你讀不懂這整個(gè)段落，也不要泄氣。 2. We’ve been trying to make sense of our dreams. 我們一直試圖理解夢的含義。 3. Mark quarreled with Alice, but soon made up to her. 馬克和愛麗絲吵了一架，但很快和解了。 4. Hard work can always make up for a lack of intelligence. 勤能補(bǔ)拙。 make sense of… 理解/明白…… common sense 常識 in a/one sense 在某種意義上；在一定程度上 there is no sense (point) in doing sth. 做某事無意義 make out 辨識；理解 make up

　　編造；和解；彌補(bǔ)；化妝打扮；構(gòu)成 【頭腦風(fēng)暴】 【微解析】 8. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going around it… 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)…… 句中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為：with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)，其具體形式有以下幾種：

　　(1)with＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞，賓語與動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行； (2)with＋賓語＋過去分詞，賓語與動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成； (3)with＋賓語＋to do，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要做的動(dòng)作； (4)with＋賓語＋介詞短語，該結(jié)構(gòu)既可作狀語，還可作后置定語。 【仿寫】 1. With the couple ________ in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of time. 這對夫妻在附近鎮(zhèn)上上班，他們的房子大部分時(shí)間看上去空蕩蕩的。 2. With some details ________， I can’t give you a definite answer now.

　　還有一些細(xì)節(jié)要討論，我現(xiàn)在還不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。 【單句改錯(cuò)】 3. With a government health warning attaching to cigarette packets, smokers have to think twice when they are to light a cigarette. Key：1. working　2. to discuss　3. attaching 改為attached

　　西蒙因?yàn)榻佑|了致命的病毒而患了重病,專家和醫(yī)生通過各種嘗試給他治療。幸運(yùn)的是,醫(yī)生宣布病毒被打敗了,但是在完全康復(fù)之前他還需要一段時(shí)間的護(hù)理。 Simon was a 7-year-old boy who was severely ill ①_______________________ a deadly virus. He had been in hospital since he was ill. The experts

　　②_________ ______________ cure him. Luckily, all the attempts ③_______________ but he still ④_________________ before he was fully recovered.

　　Both his parents and Simon were happy. Simon also realized that only when he followed the experts’ instructions ⑤ ______________________________．

　　【寫作導(dǎo)航】 1. 簡單概括事情的起因：西蒙因?yàn)楦腥玖艘环N致命的病毒而患病。這里可用expose; 2. 此處表達(dá)“專家們提出各種治療方案”。這里可用動(dòng)詞短語put forward； 3. 治療結(jié)果：所有的嘗試并非都沒有效果。此處可用介詞短語in vain； 4. but表示他仍需要被照顧。注意need doing中need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞； 5. 這里表示“只有遵從醫(yī)囑才能戰(zhàn)勝病毒”。可使用“only ＋狀語”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來總結(jié)。 Key：① because of being exposed to　② put forward various methods to

　　③ were not in vain　④ needed attending　⑤ could the virus be defeated

　　必修五　Unit 1　Great scientists

　　1. 課前自測 2. 課堂學(xué)案 詞匯接龍

　　1. _______(vt. 分析)→_______(n. 分析；分解)→_______(n.分析家) 2. _______(vt. 打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 n. 失敗)→_______(adj. 挨打的；被打敗的) 3. _______(vt. 拒絕；不接受；拋棄)→_______(n. 拒絕；拋棄)→_______(adj. 拒絕的；排斥的) 4. _______(vt. 向……挑戰(zhàn) n. 挑戰(zhàn))→_______ (adj. 有挑戰(zhàn)性的)→_______(n. 挑戰(zhàn)者) 5. ______(vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光)→______(adj. 暴露的；無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的)→ _______(n. 暴露) 6. _______(vt.& vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出)→_______(n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束)→_______(adj. 令人確信的；毫無疑問的) 7. _______(vt. 宣布；通告)→_______(n. 宣布；通告；聲明)→_______(n. 廣播員；播音員；節(jié)目主持人) 課前自測

　　Key:1. analyse; analysis; analyst　2. defeat; defeated　3. reject; rejection; rejective 4. challenge; challenging; challenger　5. expose; exposed; exposure 6. conclude; conclusion; conclusive　7. announce; announcement; announcer 詞匯接龍

　　8.

　　_________(vt. & vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助)→_________〔n. 捐獻(xiàn)(物)；貢獻(xiàn)(物)；捐款；保險(xiǎn)金〕→_________(n. 捐款人；捐助人) 9. _________(vt. 命令；指示；教導(dǎo))→_________(n. 操作指南；使用說明)→ _________(adj. 有教育意義的；有啟發(fā)性的)→_________(n. 教練；指導(dǎo)者) 10. _________(vt. 認(rèn)為；懷疑 n. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯)→ _________(adj. 有嫌疑的；可疑的)→________(n. 懷疑；嫌疑)→________(adj. 懷疑的；有嫌疑的)

　　Key:8. contribute; contribution; contributor 9. instruct; instruction; instructive; instructor 10. suspect; suspected; suspicion; suspicious 詞塊互譯 1. 提出一個(gè)理論

　　________ a theory 2. ________________

　　draw a conclusion 3. 使某人面臨危險(xiǎn)

　　expose someone ________ 4. 某人應(yīng)為某事受到責(zé)備

　　sb. be ________ (for) 5. 吸收知識

　　________ knowledge 6. 將手柄從水泵上移走

　　________ the handle ________ the pump 7. 指示人們不要做……

　　instruct people ________… 8. 阻止這件事再次發(fā)生

　　prevent this ________ again 9. ________________

　　apart from… 10. ________________

　　make sense Key:1. put forward　2. 得出一個(gè)結(jié)論　3. to danger　4. to blame　5. absorb 6. remove; from　7. not to do　8. from happening　9. 除……之外 10. 有意義；講得通 句型補(bǔ)全

　　1.

　　So many thousands of terrified people died ______________ an outbreak.

　　所以每次暴發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。

　　(every time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句) 2.

　　It seemed that the water ______________.

　　看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?(blame用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義) 3.

　　A woman…liked the water from the pump so much that she ______________ her house every day.……一位婦女特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到她家里來。 (have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)) 4.

　　Only if you put the sun there ______________ the movements of the other planets in the sky ______________.

　　只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通。 (倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)) 5.

　　He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets ___________…

　　他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)…… (with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) Key:1. every time there was　2. was to blame　3. had it delivered to 4. did; make sense　5. going around it

　　課文回顧 Key: 1. inspired　2. were exposed　3. because　4. solve　5. explaining　6. that　7. meals 8. where　9. to blame　10. Finally John Snow, a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century, became __1__ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who __2__ (expose) to cholera, a deadly disease of its day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak __3__ neither its cause nor its cure was understood. John wanted to help __4__ (solve) the problem. He got interested in two theories __5__ (explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory __6__ suggested that people absorbed the disease with their __7__ (meal). In 1854, when another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test the two theories. He marked on a map __8__ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died. He suspected that the polluted water was __9__ (blame). After more investigations, he announced with certainty that the polluted water carried the virus. So he suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. __10__ (final), “King Cholera” was defeated.

　　　 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 課堂學(xué)案 【詞塊助記】 1. attend

　　vt. 出席；參加；照顧；護(hù)理

　　1. (2024湖南卷) When I was chosen to attend the match, I felt nervous at first, for my English was not good. 當(dāng)我被選中參加比賽時(shí)，起初我很緊張，因?yàn)槲业挠⒄Z不好。 2. It suddenly occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 他突然想到次日上午有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要出席。 attend school/church/a lecture/a meeting/a wedding/a party 上學(xué)/去教堂/聽講座/出席會(huì)議/出席婚禮/參加聚會(huì) attend sb. 照顧/看護(hù)某人 attend on sb. 照料/侍候某人 attend to sth./sb. 處理某事/照料、照顧某人 1. It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend) since I came to this school. 2. (2024福建卷改編)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants attend the opening ceremony. Key：1. have attended　2. attend前加to 【詞塊助記】 2. expose vt. 揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。 2. We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我們一定要向報(bào)社揭露這一無恥行徑。 3. We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible. 我們想讓孩子們盡可能多地受到藝術(shù)和文化的熏陶。

　　expose sth. 揭露、揭發(fā)某事 expose sb./sth. to 使某人體驗(yàn)/某物暴露于…… be exposed to 接觸到；被暴露于 【構(gòu)詞】exposure n. 暴露；曝光；揭露 exposure to the elements 經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹雨打 double exposure 兩次曝光(的照片) public exposure 當(dāng)眾揭發(fā)

　　1. (2024重慶卷改編) In some Middle Eastern countries, expose your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman. 2. Children exposing ________ (they) to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging tasks. Key：1. expose改為 exposing　2. themselves 【詞塊助記】 3. absorb

　　vt. 吸收(液、氣體等)；吸引(注意)；使專心 1. (2024北京卷)But some materials slow and scatter light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. 但有些物質(zhì)減緩或散射光線，使它偏離原來的軌道；其他的則吸收光，使其在傳播路線上突然消失。 2. I get so absorbed in doing something that I am unaware of things happening around me. 我做事太過專心以至于對周圍發(fā)生的事情絲毫未察覺。

　　absorb(＝take in) sth. (light/heat) 吸收(光、熱)等 absorb…into… 把……吸入/并入…… be absorbed in＝ be buried in ＝ concentrate on全神貫注于；專心致志于 1. I found him sitting in his chair, completely ________ (absorb) in a magazine. 2. Most little shops have absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis. Key：1. absorbed　2. 在have后加been 【詞塊助記】 4. blame vt. 指責(zé)；責(zé)怪；歸咎于

　　n. 責(zé)備； 責(zé)任；過失 1. (2024湖北卷) Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. 還有些人把責(zé)任推到美國人身上， 抱怨體重增加是因?yàn)槌粤颂嗟拿朗娇觳汀?2. Maybe we should blame Geely for not paying attention. 也許我們應(yīng)該責(zé)備吉利的疏忽大意。 3. (2024湖北卷) It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. 這純粹是一個(gè)提問，我語氣中沒有責(zé)備或憤怒。 sb./sth. be to blame 某人應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)歸咎于……(不用被動(dòng)式) the one to blame 應(yīng)受責(zé)備的人(不用被動(dòng)式) blame…on 把某事歸咎于…… blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因?yàn)椤?zé)備某人 take/bear the blame for

　　承擔(dān)(對壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任 put/lay the blame on sb. 把責(zé)任歸咎于…… 【拓展】sb. be to blame for sth. “某人該因某事受到責(zé)備”，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，英語中類似的表達(dá)還有：This kind of clothes sell well.這種衣服好賣。The house is to let. 此房出租。The chair needs repairing. 這把椅子需要修理。 The film is worth seeing twice. 這部電影值得再看一遍。 1. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to be blame.

　　2. (2024重慶卷改編) While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for make us fat. Key：1.去掉be　2. make改為making 5. contribute vi. & vt. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；投稿 1. I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我們每一個(gè)人都能夠?qū)ξ磥淼氖澜缬兴暙I(xiàn)。 2. (2024山東卷) Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. 皮爾森還做出了其他決定，他堅(jiān)信這些決定將有助于提升Sparrow新的品牌形象。 3. I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes. 我大部分收入是靠寫書賺的，但有時(shí)也會(huì)向雜志投稿。 (sb.)contribute to sth. (某人)為……作貢獻(xiàn) (sth.)contribute to sth. (某物)有助于/促成…… contribute sth. to sth. 為……捐獻(xiàn)；投稿 【詞塊助記】 【構(gòu)詞】contribution n. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿 make contributions/a contribution to 對……作出貢獻(xiàn) 1. (2024全國卷Ⅰ改編) The birds were forced to go further north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed their decline. 2. Eating too much fat contribute to heart disease and causes high blood pressure. Key：1. 在contributed后加to　2. contribute 改為contributes 6. put forward 提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前

　　1. Are you serious in putting forward such a view? 你提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是認(rèn)真的嗎？ 2. May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能推薦你出任委員會(huì)主席嗎？ 3. Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘往前撥10分鐘。 4. At such a time of crisis, we must try to put aside all differences of party or class. 在如此危機(jī)時(shí)刻，我們得先把黨派或階級的分歧擱置一旁。 5. (2024全國卷Ⅱ) This year, 25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS). 高等院校招生辦提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年有25 310名已被高校錄取的大學(xué)生推遲到明年入學(xué)。

　　【頭腦風(fēng)暴】 put aside

　　節(jié)省；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存，放在一邊 put away 放好；收起來，積蓄 put off

　　延期；推遲 put down 寫下，記下；放下 put on 穿上；演出 put out 熄滅；生產(chǎn) put up 舉起；張貼；公布；掛起；建造 7. make sense 講得通；有意義 1. Do not be discouraged if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. 如果一開始你讀不懂這整個(gè)段落，也不要泄氣。 2. We’ve been trying to make sense of our dreams. 我們一直試圖理解夢的含義。 3. Mark quarreled with Alice, but soon made up to her. 馬克和愛麗絲吵了一架，但很快和解了。 4. Hard work can always make up for a lack of intelligence. 勤能補(bǔ)拙。 make sense of… 理解/明白…… common sense 常識 in a/one sense 在某種意義上；在一定程度上 there is no sense (point) in doing sth. 做某事無意義 make out 辨識；理解 make up

　　編造；和解；彌補(bǔ)；化妝打扮；構(gòu)成 【頭腦風(fēng)暴】 【微解析】 8. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going around it… 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)…… 句中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為：with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)，其具體形式有以下幾種：

　　(1)with＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞，賓語與動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行； (2)with＋賓語＋過去分詞，賓語與動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成； (3)with＋賓語＋to do，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要做的動(dòng)作； (4)with＋賓語＋介詞短語，該結(jié)構(gòu)既可作狀語，還可作后置定語。 【仿寫】 1. With the couple ________ in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of time. 這對夫妻在附近鎮(zhèn)上上班，他們的房子大部分時(shí)間看上去空蕩蕩的。 2. With some details ________， I can’t give you a definite answer now.

　　還有一些細(xì)節(jié)要討論，我現(xiàn)在還不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。 【單句改錯(cuò)】 3. With a government health warning attaching to cigarette packets, smokers have to think twice when they are to light a cigarette. Key：1. working　2. to discuss　3. attaching 改為attached

　　西蒙因?yàn)榻佑|了致命的病毒而患了重病,專家和醫(yī)生通過各種嘗試給他治療。幸運(yùn)的是,醫(yī)生宣布病毒被打敗了,但是在完全康復(fù)之前他還需要一段時(shí)間的護(hù)理。 Simon was a 7-year-old boy who was severely ill ①_______________________ a deadly virus. He had been in hospital since he was ill. The experts

　　②_________ ______________ cure him. Luckily, all the attempts ③_______________ but he still ④_________________ before he was fully recovered.

　　Both his parents and Simon were happy. Simon also realized that only when he followed the experts’ instructions ⑤ ______________________________．

　　【寫作導(dǎo)航】 1. 簡單概括事情的起因：西蒙因?yàn)楦腥玖艘环N致命的病毒而患病。這里可用expose; 2. 此處表達(dá)“專家們提出各種治療方案”。這里可用動(dòng)詞短語put forward； 3. 治療結(jié)果：所有的嘗試并非都沒有效果。此處可用介詞短語in vain； 4. but表示他仍需要被照顧。注意need doing中need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞； 5. 這里表示“只有遵從醫(yī)囑才能戰(zhàn)勝病毒”。可使用“only ＋狀語”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來總結(jié)。 Key：① because of being exposed to　② put forward various methods to

　　③ were not in vain　④ needed attending　⑤ could the virus be defeated