第七講　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(S＝主語＝ 動(dòng)詞原形＝動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)＝過去式＝現(xiàn)在分詞＝過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S＋do/does＋...一般過去時(shí)：S＋did...

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋am/is/are doing...過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋was/were doing...一般將來時(shí)：S＋will/shall＋do...過去將來時(shí)：S＋should/would＋do...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：S＋have/has done...過去完成時(shí)：S＋had done...現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋have/has been doing...過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋had been doing...在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來這1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.

　　如果下雨的話排球賽就會(huì)推遲。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.

　　如果不阻止城市噪音增長的話年后人們就得大喊大叫才能讓人聽見。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語具備的某種能1)I play ping-pong quite well，but I haven't had time to play since the new year.

　　我的乒乓球打得不錯(cuò)不過自從新年后我就沒時(shí)間打球了。(“會(huì)打球”是主語具備的一種能力不會(huì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)消失用現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (2)－Can I help you我能幫你嗎先生？－Yes好的我昨天在這里買了個(gè)收音機(jī)可是它不能正常工作。(doesn't work是主語的性能)過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都是相對(duì)過去時(shí)間而存在的時(shí)態(tài)在答題時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)揣摩上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系。如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would_leave office soon.

　　當(dāng)他清楚地說很快就要辭職時(shí)我們都驚呆了．(2)－How long had_they_known each other before they got married?他們結(jié)婚前認(rèn)識(shí)多長時(shí)間了？大約一年。(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.

　　海倫把鑰匙落在辦公室了所以她不得不等她丈夫回來。gin，come等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃安排好的將來它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示將來的動(dòng)作。如：(1)The train leaves at four o'clock.Let's hurry.

　　火車四點(diǎn)出發(fā)咱們快點(diǎn)吧。(2)I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.

　　我 我將帶我媽媽一同前往。oing to表示早就安排好的將來或表示根據(jù)某種跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事情；will/shall表示臨時(shí)決定要做的動(dòng)作；be to表示按約定計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志和決心；be about to表示馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不能與表示將來的確切時(shí)間狀語連用。(1)－What are you going to do this evening? 今晚你打算做什么？－I'm going to see a film with my friend.我打算和我朋友一起去看電影。(2)－Haven't you known Mr.Wang is ill?你不知道王先生病了嗎？－Really? Then I'll go to see him instead.真的嗎？那么我就去看王先生不去看電影了。(3)－How about seeing a film tomorrow?明天去看電影怎么樣？－Sorry對(duì)不起明天不行我要考駕照。如果句中有so far等表示時(shí)間的短語謂語動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.

　　到目前為止為了獲取足夠的飲用水他們已經(jīng)打了一百多口水井。(2)I have been busy during the last few days.

　　最近幾天我一直在忙著。句型“It is the first time...”中從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句型“It was the first time...”中從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。如：(1)This is the first time I've been here.

　　這是我第一次來到這兒. (2)That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.

　　那是他們第二次在十字路口目睹事故發(fā)生。句中的狀語是“by the end of＋過去時(shí)間”動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。句中的狀語是“by the end of＋將來時(shí)間”動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.

　　到上學(xué)期末我們大約學(xué)了3 000個(gè)英語單詞。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.

　　到下個(gè)月末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完了第五冊(cè)。二、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析英語中動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。做有關(guān)語態(tài)的題目可以分為兩步走：第一步確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)第二步確定正確的語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例)

　　1.進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來時(shí)、完成時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語分別是be being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be done不要遺漏任何部分。所有工作都必須在周五前完成。o connect these two cities.

　　正在修建一條鐵路連接這兩個(gè)城市。＋過去分詞表被動(dòng)。他摔了一跤受傷了。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(1)系動(dòng)詞look等＋形容詞/名詞。這菜很好吃。(to be) practical.

　　他的計(jì)劃證明是可行的。(2)be worth doing。這本書值得一讀。(3)need/want/require/bear＋doing＝need/want/require to be done＝The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打掃。(4)be＋＋to do。ce is hard to find in the map.

　　這個(gè)地方在地圖上很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。(5)當(dāng)句子的主語是物同時(shí)又是動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象而動(dòng)詞又是表明主語本身的特性時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)句末有一個(gè)表示方式的副詞。我昨天買的鋼筆書寫流暢。這種布耐洗。

　　Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。________(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week.

　　2．Suddenly，he ________(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called his son...

　　3．People stepped on your feet or________(push) you with their elbows (肘部)______(inform)．o help an event develop often________(result)in the contrary to our intention.

　　6．When I saw a man sitting by himself waiting for the library to open, I sat down next to him and________(begin) a conversation.

　　7.Most of these singers so far________(see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money.

　　8．On International Children's Day, some orphans from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children ________(take) to the park.

　　9．It was my first trip to India alone. One day, as I ______(walk) through a

　　local market, a ten-year-old boy came over.

　　10.Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream.

　　It somewhat ________ (bother) us.

　　11．I felt very tired when I got home，and I ________ (go) straight to bed.

　　12．“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.

　　Crawford.“Oh, ________(be) president，”said the boy, with a smile.

　　13．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ (change) my mind.

　　14.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs________(increase) sharply.

　　15.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.

　　16．Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us !

　　17.Jim ________(watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.

　　18．I'm calling about the apartment you ________(advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?

　　19．If nothing________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

　　20．Shakespeare's play Hamlet________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.

　　Ⅱ.在橫線上填上合適的詞。________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.

　　It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.

　　I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________. But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, ________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.

　　Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.

　　答案：　2.found　3.pushed　4.was informed　6.began　7.have seen　8.were taken　10.bothers　11.went　12.will be　13.have changed　14.has increased　15.had had　17.was watching　18.advertised　20.has been made　2.was　3.pointed　4.are　5.will accept　6.are　7.was inspired　8.have learned　9.love短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()畫掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。ffice. It really didn't make any difference. I know my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door. There was no answer. I continue knocking at the door for some time. I get angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy told me at noon.He said that my wife phoned saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could do and I would be shut out of my house.

　　答案： home. It was cold and I

　　wearing a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldn't find it. I suddenly remembered that I

　　left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I

　　my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I

　　at the door. There was no answer. I

　　knocking at the door for some time. I

　　angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy

　　me at noon.He said that my wife

　　saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could

　　and I would be shut out of my house.

　　第七講　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(S＝主語＝ 動(dòng)詞原形＝動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)＝過去式＝現(xiàn)在分詞＝過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S＋do/does＋...一般過去時(shí)：S＋did...

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋am/is/are doing...過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋was/were doing...一般將來時(shí)：S＋will/shall＋do...過去將來時(shí)：S＋should/would＋do...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：S＋have/has done...過去完成時(shí)：S＋had done...現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋have/has been doing...過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：S＋had been doing...在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來這1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.

　　如果下雨的話排球賽就會(huì)推遲。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.

　　如果不阻止城市噪音增長的話年后人們就得大喊大叫才能讓人聽見。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語具備的某種能1)I play ping-pong quite well，but I haven't had time to play since the new year.

　　我的乒乓球打得不錯(cuò)不過自從新年后我就沒時(shí)間打球了。(“會(huì)打球”是主語具備的一種能力不會(huì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)消失用現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (2)－Can I help you我能幫你嗎先生？－Yes好的我昨天在這里買了個(gè)收音機(jī)可是它不能正常工作。(doesn't work是主語的性能)過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都是相對(duì)過去時(shí)間而存在的時(shí)態(tài)在答題時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)揣摩上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系。如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would_leave office soon.

　　當(dāng)他清楚地說很快就要辭職時(shí)我們都驚呆了．(2)－How long had_they_known each other before they got married?他們結(jié)婚前認(rèn)識(shí)多長時(shí)間了？大約一年。(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.

　　海倫把鑰匙落在辦公室了所以她不得不等她丈夫回來。gin，come等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃安排好的將來它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示將來的動(dòng)作。如：(1)The train leaves at four o'clock.Let's hurry.

　　火車四點(diǎn)出發(fā)咱們快點(diǎn)吧。(2)I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.

　　我 我將帶我媽媽一同前往。oing to表示早就安排好的將來或表示根據(jù)某種跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事情；will/shall表示臨時(shí)決定要做的動(dòng)作；be to表示按約定計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志和決心；be about to表示馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不能與表示將來的確切時(shí)間狀語連用。(1)－What are you going to do this evening? 今晚你打算做什么？－I'm going to see a film with my friend.我打算和我朋友一起去看電影。(2)－Haven't you known Mr.Wang is ill?你不知道王先生病了嗎？－Really? Then I'll go to see him instead.真的嗎？那么我就去看王先生不去看電影了。(3)－How about seeing a film tomorrow?明天去看電影怎么樣？－Sorry對(duì)不起明天不行我要考駕照。如果句中有so far等表示時(shí)間的短語謂語動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.

　　到目前為止為了獲取足夠的飲用水他們已經(jīng)打了一百多口水井。(2)I have been busy during the last few days.

　　最近幾天我一直在忙著。句型“It is the first time...”中從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句型“It was the first time...”中從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。如：(1)This is the first time I've been here.

　　這是我第一次來到這兒. (2)That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.

　　那是他們第二次在十字路口目睹事故發(fā)生。句中的狀語是“by the end of＋過去時(shí)間”動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。句中的狀語是“by the end of＋將來時(shí)間”動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.

　　到上學(xué)期末我們大約學(xué)了3 000個(gè)英語單詞。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.

　　到下個(gè)月末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完了第五冊(cè)。二、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析英語中動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。做有關(guān)語態(tài)的題目可以分為兩步走：第一步確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)第二步確定正確的語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例)

　　1.進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來時(shí)、完成時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語分別是be being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be done不要遺漏任何部分。所有工作都必須在周五前完成。o connect these two cities.

　　正在修建一條鐵路連接這兩個(gè)城市。＋過去分詞表被動(dòng)。他摔了一跤受傷了。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(1)系動(dòng)詞look等＋形容詞/名詞。這菜很好吃。(to be) practical.

　　他的計(jì)劃證明是可行的。(2)be worth doing。這本書值得一讀。(3)need/want/require/bear＋doing＝need/want/require to be done＝The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打掃。(4)be＋＋to do。ce is hard to find in the map.

　　這個(gè)地方在地圖上很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。(5)當(dāng)句子的主語是物同時(shí)又是動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象而動(dòng)詞又是表明主語本身的特性時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)句末有一個(gè)表示方式的副詞。我昨天買的鋼筆書寫流暢。這種布耐洗。

　　Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。________(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week.

　　2．Suddenly，he ________(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called his son...

　　3．People stepped on your feet or________(push) you with their elbows (肘部)______(inform)．o help an event develop often________(result)in the contrary to our intention.

　　6．When I saw a man sitting by himself waiting for the library to open, I sat down next to him and________(begin) a conversation.

　　7.Most of these singers so far________(see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money.

　　8．On International Children's Day, some orphans from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children ________(take) to the park.

　　9．It was my first trip to India alone. One day, as I ______(walk) through a

　　local market, a ten-year-old boy came over.

　　10.Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream.

　　It somewhat ________ (bother) us.

　　11．I felt very tired when I got home，and I ________ (go) straight to bed.

　　12．“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.

　　Crawford.“Oh, ________(be) president，”said the boy, with a smile.

　　13．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ (change) my mind.

　　14.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs________(increase) sharply.

　　15.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.

　　16．Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us !

　　17.Jim ________(watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.

　　18．I'm calling about the apartment you ________(advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?

　　19．If nothing________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

　　20．Shakespeare's play Hamlet________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.

　　Ⅱ.在橫線上填上合適的詞。________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.

　　It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.

　　I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________. But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, ________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.

　　Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.

　　答案：　2.found　3.pushed　4.was informed　6.began　7.have seen　8.were taken　10.bothers　11.went　12.will be　13.have changed　14.has increased　15.had had　17.was watching　18.advertised　20.has been made　2.was　3.pointed　4.are　5.will accept　6.are　7.was inspired　8.have learned　9.love短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()畫掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。ffice. It really didn't make any difference. I know my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door. There was no answer. I continue knocking at the door for some time. I get angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy told me at noon.He said that my wife phoned saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could do and I would be shut out of my house.

　　答案： home. It was cold and I

　　wearing a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldn't find it. I suddenly remembered that I

　　left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I

　　my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I

　　at the door. There was no answer. I

　　knocking at the door for some time. I

　　angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy

　　me at noon.He said that my wife

　　saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could

　　and I would be shut out of my house.