第七講

　　特殊句式

　　單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2024·北京高考改編)Observe (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

　　2．(2024·重慶高考改編)It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.

　　3．(2024·江蘇高考改編)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”

　　4．(2024·江西高考改編)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

　　5．(2010·江蘇高考改編)—Is everyone here?

　　—Not yet ... Look, there come (come) the rest of our guests!

　　6．(2024·陜西高考改編)No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

　　7．(2024·江蘇高考改編)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is there?

　　8．(2024·重慶高考改編)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.

　　一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　1．基本句型：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他。

　　It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

　　只有通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)和相互理解，孩子和父母之間的問(wèn)題才可能被解決。(強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ))

　　2．一般疑問(wèn)句形式：Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？

　　Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?

　　是因?yàn)榻芸松险n遲到讓史密斯先生生氣的嗎？

　　3．特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was it＋that＋其他？

　　When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?

　　他是什么時(shí)候決定選修這門課程的？

　　4．含有not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that ...＋其他。

　　It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2024·天津高考單選)

　　直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的計(jì)劃。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　以上強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，要在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do/does/did，這種強(qiáng)調(diào)只適用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句。

　　The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.

　　這位科學(xué)家真正地把他的一生獻(xiàn)給了研究工作。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　二、倒裝句

　　(一)部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：

　　1．當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語(yǔ)有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。

　　Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

　　不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些有需要的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。

　　2．當(dāng)only修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。

　　Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.

　　只有當(dāng)他下班回來(lái)后，我們才知道真相。

　　3．so/neither/nor置于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(1)“so＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物，意為“……也是如此”。

　　—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.

　　—So have I.

　　——我有大量的工作要做。

　　——我也如此。

　　(2)“neither/nor＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，意為“……也不這樣”。

　　—Liu Jia can’t answer the question.

　　—Neither/Nor can Peter.

　　——?jiǎng)⒓鸦卮鸩簧蟻?lái)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　——彼得也回答不上來(lái)。

　　4．在so/such ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“so＋形容詞/副詞”或“such＋名詞”位于句首時(shí)，主句使用部分倒裝。

　　So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.

　　他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。

　　5．在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。

　　Hard as they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.

　　盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒(méi)能讓她改變主意。

　　(二)完全倒裝

　　完全倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全提到主語(yǔ)之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：

　　1．表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，句子需用完全倒裝。此時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.

　　鈴一響，孩子們就沖了出去。

　　2．當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，為了避免頭重腳輕，句子需進(jìn)行完全倒裝。

　　Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.

　　公共汽車的前面躺著一個(gè)受傷的人，渾身是血。

　　3．有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.

　　出席晚會(huì)的有格林先生，還有許多別的賓客。

　　三、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

　　在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。省略必須具備兩個(gè)條件：

　　此時(shí)可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。

　　①Film has a much shorter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.

　　電影的歷史短得多，尤其是與音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)這些藝術(shù)形式相比。

　　②Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not turn to him.

　　除非有必要，你最好不要向他請(qǐng)求幫助。

　　四、感嘆句

　　感嘆句常用來(lái)表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語(yǔ)氣。

　　1．what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

　　What＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！

　　What＋adj.＋ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！

　　①What a strange plant!

　　I’ve never seen it before.

　　這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)。

　　②What lovely children they are!

　　他們是多么可愛(ài)的孩子啊！

　　2．how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

　　How＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！

　　How＋adj./adv.＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！

　　How＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！

　　①How interesting a story it is!

　　＝What an interesting story it is!

　　這是多么有趣的一個(gè)故事啊！

　　②How time flies!

　　時(shí)間過(guò)得真快啊！

　　五、反意疑問(wèn)句

　　1．陳述部分含有賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句

　　一般情況下，其疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)和主句保持一致。但如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，其疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

　　①I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn’t I?

　　我告訴他們并非每個(gè)人都能像你一樣跑得那么快，是不是？

　　②I don’t think the football team is likely to win, is it?

　　我認(rèn)為那支足球隊(duì)不會(huì)獲勝，是嗎？

　　2．祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句

　　祈使句后的反意疑問(wèn)句不表示反問(wèn)，而表示一種語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

　　肯定祈使句，＋will/won’t you？

　　否定祈使句，＋will you？

　　Let us ...，＋will you？

　　Let’s ...，＋shall we？

　　①Close the window, will/won’t you?

　　關(guān)上窗戶，好嗎？

　　②Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we?

　　我們?nèi)?shū)店，好嗎？

　　單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2024·南昌調(diào)研)It was not the word you said that angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it.

　　2．(2024·天津高考改編)Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.

　　3．(2024·杭州一中二模)—How is the man injured in the accident?

　　—The doctor said if treated (treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.

　　4．(2024·衢州一中期中)—Why was it that you were so angry?

　　—Because we failed to take part in the basketball match.

　　5．(2024·山東師大附中一模)It was not until she lost her job that she realized how important it is that one should study all the time.

　　6．(2024·江蘇無(wú)錫高中協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If so,_I can go to the hairdresser’s then.

　　7．(2024·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)二模)Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.

　　8．(2024·陜西渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.

　　9．(2024·遼寧鐵嶺六校聯(lián)考)What fun it is to take a rest after a long run!

　　10．(2024·廣西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training (train) him.

　　11．(2024·廣西高級(jí)中學(xué)階段檢測(cè))It’s true, but I heard some people did (do) find their better half through online dating.

　　12．(2024·甘肅蘭州一中月考)He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.”

　　Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空

　　(2024·河南鄭州一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut, who was a gum-collector (樹(shù)膠采集者), went into the jungle, as he did almost every day, __1__ (look) for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. __2__ his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.

　　Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something __3__ (specially). He ran to tell the local governor, and together they __4__ (walk) into the jungle. There they found Tikal (蒂卡爾), the city that the Mayans (瑪雅人) had built hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places __5__ kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.

　　For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, __6__ no one had seen it for centuries. __7__ 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left __8__ and nobody knows why! After 1,000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.

　　Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mention Tikal. Even __9__ (early) than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city __10__ (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Now the lost city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediately to see it.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：1848年夏天，在危地馬拉有個(gè)名叫Ambrosio Tut的采膠人在叢林中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了古代瑪雅人遺址。

　　1．looking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)Tut與look為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示伴隨，故用looking。

　　2．On　考查介詞。表示“在具體的某一天”應(yīng)用介詞on。

　　3．special　考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞special修飾不定代詞something。

　　4．walked　考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可推知本空要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　5．where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為places，將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：Kings had lived in the places.由此可知關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故答案為where。

　　6．but　考查并列連詞。前后兩個(gè)分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用并列連詞but。

　　7．Between　考查介詞。between ...and ...“在……和……之間”。

　　8．it/there　由語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用it或there代替上句的the city of Tikal。

　　9．earlier　考查副詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的than可知設(shè)空處用副詞比較級(jí)。

　　10．hidden　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。a great city與hide之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示狀態(tài)，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

　　Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)

　　(2024·西工大附中一模)As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year. But because the financial crisis, the situation of the employment has become very serious. Consider this, some people suggest graduates should have a lower career expectation, such as working in the western area of China. I in favor of this idea. Firstly, compared with the big cities, the competition is not as fierce there, but graduates can easy get a job. Secondly, the lower position may offer graduate more space. All in all, going to the west may be bring more benefits. Devote yourself to the west, for it is both good for our personal development and for our country at present.

　　答案：第一句：As→It; crowded→crowd

　　第二句：because 后加of

　　第三句：Consider→Considering

　　第四句：I后加am

　　第五句：but→so; easy→easily

　　第六句：graduate→graduates

　　第七句：去掉be

　　第八句：第一個(gè)our→your