2024屆高考英語二輪詞法專題講座素材：19 英語五種基本句型
英語詞法專題講座十九：英語五種基本句型
基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）
基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋謂＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補
句型1： Subject (主語) ＋ Verb (謂語)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思，這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，動詞后不可以直接接賓語，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。
2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。
4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。
7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。
8. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆書寫流利。
Ｓ Ｖ
（不及物動詞）
1. Time
2. The moon
3. The man
4. We all
5. Everybody
6. I
7. They
8. He
9.He
10.They flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed?
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday.
is playing.
have gone.
句型2：Subject (主語) ＋ Link. V(系動詞) ＋ Predicate(表語)
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞，這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 這種食物吃起來很可口。
2) He looked worried just now. 剛才他看上去有些焦急。
3) Several players lay flat on the playground. 幾個隊員平躺在操場上。
4) We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應該保持謙虛謹慎。
5) This kind of food tastes terrible. 這種食物吃起來很糟糕。
6) The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
3)Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。
4) Don't have the food. It has gone bad. 不要吃那種食物，已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
5)The facts prove true. 事實證明是正確的。
?。?Ｖ（是系動詞） Ｐ(表語)
1. This
2. The dinner
3. He
4. Everything
5. He
6. The book
7. The weather
8. His face
is
smells(聞)
fell
looks
is
is
became
turned
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
句型3：Subject(主語) ＋ Verb (謂語) ＋ Object (賓語)
這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例：
1) He took his bag and left.（名詞） 他拿著書包離開了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)
當我遇到困難時，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）
她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句) 我不知道下一步該干什么
5)You can put the books in your bag. 你可以把書放在書包里。
6) Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. 我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。
7) She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會。
8) I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁。
Ｓ Ｖ（實義動詞） Ｏ(賓語)
1. Who
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He knows
laugh at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
句型4： Subject(主語)＋Verb(謂語)＋ Indirect object(間接賓語)＋Direct object (直接賓語)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1)
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。
3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.
昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
4）The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.
老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1)動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ for sb.； 2)動詞 ＋ 賓語＋to sb.
Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me.
請把你的畫給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
=I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的。
Ｓ
Ｖ（及物）
?。铮ǘ嘀溉耍?/p>
?。希ǘ嘀肝铮?/p>
1. She
2. She
3. He
4. He
5. I
6. I
7. I
8. He
passed
cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed
him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me
a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
句型5： Subject(主語)＋Verb (動詞)＋Object (賓語)＋Complement(補語)
此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。這種句型中的“賓語＋補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。如：
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）
2) We made him our monitor. (名詞)我們選他當班長。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. (過去分詞)
6) Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。
7) He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色。
8) We found him an honest person. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。
9) His mother told him not to play on the street. 他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：
6) The boss made him do the work all day. 老板讓他整天做那項工作。
7) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。
?。?/p>
?。郑拔铮?/p>
?。希ㄙe語）
?。茫ㄙe補）
1. We
2. They
3. They
4. They
5. What
6. We
7. He
8. I
keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
saw
the table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
them
clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad?
out.
tocome back soon.
getting on the bus.
There be 句型
此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語構(gòu)成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，
現(xiàn)在有
there is/are …
過去有
there was/were…
將來有
there will be…/there is /are going to be...
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有
there has/have been…
可能有
there might be...
肯定有
there must be …/there must have been...
過去一直有
there used to be …
似乎有
there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有
there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive, 等。
英語詞法專題講座十九：英語五種基本句型
基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）
基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋謂＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補
句型1： Subject (主語) ＋ Verb (謂語)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思，這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，動詞后不可以直接接賓語，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。
2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。
4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。
7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。
8. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆書寫流利。
Ｓ Ｖ
?。ú患拔飫釉~）
1. Time
2. The moon
3. The man
4. We all
5. Everybody
6. I
7. They
8. He
9.He
10.They flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed?
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday.
is playing.
have gone.
句型2：Subject (主語) ＋ Link. V(系動詞) ＋ Predicate(表語)
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞，這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 這種食物吃起來很可口。
2) He looked worried just now. 剛才他看上去有些焦急。
3) Several players lay flat on the playground. 幾個隊員平躺在操場上。
4) We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應該保持謙虛謹慎。
5) This kind of food tastes terrible. 這種食物吃起來很糟糕。
6) The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
3)Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。
4) Don't have the food. It has gone bad. 不要吃那種食物，已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
5)The facts prove true. 事實證明是正確的。
Ｓ Ｖ（是系動詞） Ｐ(表語)
1. This
2. The dinner
3. He
4. Everything
5. He
6. The book
7. The weather
8. His face
is
smells(聞)
fell
looks
is
is
became
turned
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
句型3：Subject(主語) ＋ Verb (謂語) ＋ Object (賓語)
這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例：
1) He took his bag and left.（名詞） 他拿著書包離開了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)
當我遇到困難時，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）
她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句) 我不知道下一步該干什么
5)You can put the books in your bag. 你可以把書放在書包里。
6) Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. 我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。
7) She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會。
8) I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁。
Ｓ Ｖ（實義動詞） Ｏ(賓語)
1. Who
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He knows
laugh at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
句型4： Subject(主語)＋Verb(謂語)＋ Indirect object(間接賓語)＋Direct object (直接賓語)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1)
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。
3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.
昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
4）The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.
老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1)動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ for sb.； 2)動詞 ＋ 賓語＋to sb.
Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me.
請把你的畫給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
=I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的。
?。?/p>
Ｖ（及物）
ｏ（多指人）
Ｏ（多指物）
1. She
2. She
3. He
4. He
5. I
6. I
7. I
8. He
passed
cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed
him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me
a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
句型5： Subject(主語)＋Verb (動詞)＋Object (賓語)＋Complement(補語)
此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。這種句型中的“賓語＋補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。如：
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）
2) We made him our monitor. (名詞)我們選他當班長。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. (過去分詞)
6) Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。
7) He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色。
8) We found him an honest person. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。
9) His mother told him not to play on the street. 他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：
6) The boss made him do the work all day. 老板讓他整天做那項工作。
7) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。
Ｓ
Ｖ（及物）
?。希ㄙe語）
?。茫ㄙe補）
1. We
2. They
3. They
4. They
5. What
6. We
7. He
8. I
keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
saw
the table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
them
clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad?
out.
tocome back soon.
getting on the bus.
There be 句型
此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語構(gòu)成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，
現(xiàn)在有
there is/are …
過去有
there was/were…
將來有
there will be…/there is /are going to be...
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有
there has/have been…
可能有
there might be...
肯定有
there must be …/there must have been...
過去一直有
there used to be …
似乎有
there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有
there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive, 等。
