名詞和冠詞

　　[專項訓練]【名詞】單句語法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改編)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?____________(suggest)．解析：句意：——如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？——好主意。good是形容詞修飾名詞故設空處答案：suggestionloped a ____________(tasty) for fine art.

　　解析：句意：在巴黎期間她培養了對美術的興趣。冠詞a后加名詞故填taste。答案：taste____________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

　　解析：句意：我對他的第一印象是他是一個善良且有思想的年輕人。my first修飾名詞再根據后面的謂語動詞為was故用單數形式。答案：impression____________(recognize)．解析：句意：從Sara還是個小女孩時起我就沒再見過她她現在已經變得讓我認不出了。beyond為介詞故后接名詞并且beyond recognition為固定搭配意為“難以辨認”。答案：recognition____________(solve)．解析：句意：學校顧問會幫你梳理一下你的問題但是他們不會給你任何直接的解決方法。設空處前面有動詞give故需要填一個名詞來作動詞的賓語。答案：solution(2024·福建福州質檢改編)—We’ve been destroying lots of forests every year.！We’ll be the ____________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.解析：句意：——我們每年都破壞大量森林。——太可惜了！我們會成為自己這種愚蠢行為的受害者。主語we表示復數故設空處也應用復數故填victims。答案：victims____________(sign) to show that a new，different city is coming out of its dark past.

　　解析：句意：有跡象表明一座全新的、不同的城市正擺脫它黑暗的過去。根據there are可知后面的名詞需要用復數形式。答案：signs____________(ruin) just because people were unwilling to cooperate.

　　解析：句意：因為人們不愿意合作致使這個計劃被毀壞。此處in ruins為習慣搭配意為“毀壞”。答案：ruins____________(different)．解析：句意：這項工作對他來說有點難他做了各種各樣的努力但沒有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影響”此處的make little difference表示“沒有多大作用”。答案：difference____________(knife) in the thief’s room，which were used to open safes.

　　解析根據a few可知knife需要用復數形式根據以-fe結尾的名詞變復數的規則可知knife的復數形式為knives。答案：knives單句改錯(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.解析：由其前的three可知此處名詞side應為復數形式表示“教室的三面”。答案：side—sides(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.解析：step為可數名詞前面有some修飾故用復數形式。答案：step—steps(2024·高考遼寧卷·短文改錯)We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.解析：time在此處為可數名詞意為“次數”。由上文的several可知此處應用復數形式。答案：time—times(2024·福建漳浦三中調研改編)If you want to own an iPhone 6 ahead________________

　　解析：句意：如果你想提前擁有一臺蘋果6手機你將不得不預定否則你就要等一段時間了。根據a可知后面應為名詞。答案：reserve—reservation____________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：一項新的研究表明如果你的朋友和家人變胖了那么你也有可能會變胖。the chances are that...意為“可能……”。答案：chance—chancese on his farm.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：根據句意可知應用sheep的復數形式。根據名詞復數的變化規則可知的單復數同形。答案：sheeps—sheepafter being admitted to hospital.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：約翰和湯姆的媽媽被接收入院后五個小時都不省人事。由題干was可知此處主語是單數形式表示“約翰和湯姆共有的媽媽”所以只在最后一個名詞詞尾加’s。答案：John’s—Johntold us that it was about twenty minutes walk to Mike’s house.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：s所有格表示所有關系。答案：minutes—minutes’d travel the Europeans made contacts with the Arabs of the Mediterranean area and the Near East.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：通過貿易和旅游歐洲人與地中海和近東地區的阿拉伯人聯系起來。make contact with為固定搭配。答案：contacts—contact！It’ll be a great fun to fly kites in the field.解析：fun為不可數名詞前不加不定冠詞。答案：去掉a【冠詞】單句語法填空(2024·安徽合肥市三中檢測改編)Gottlieb Daimler________German engineer，is normally believed to have invented ________car.

　　解析：句意：通常人們認為是戈特利布·戴姆勒一位德國的工程師發明了汽車。第一空用不定冠詞a泛指“一個德國的工程師”；第二空用定冠詞the特指汽車這種發明。答案：a；the________Maggie Smith，but not ________famous one.

　　解析：a表示泛指；第二空表特指指雙方都知道的那個名人故填定冠詞the。答案：a；the3．—Mum，why can’t I have ________new bike?

　　—Dear，you know，money doesn’t grow on trees.

　　解析：句意：——媽媽為什么我不能有一輛嶄新的自行車？——親a。答案：a________power of confidence，and there is no student as competitive as ________student who trusts his own abilities.

　　解析：句意：沒power后有限制性定語of confidence故power表示特指故填定冠詞the；student在此泛指一個相信自己能力的學生故填不定冠詞a。答案：the；a(2024·福建福州市第八中學質檢改編)Tom will succeed to your property(財產) after your death________success.

　　解析：句意：湯姆將會在你死后繼承你的財產但是我不認為他是一個成功的人。因為success在此表示一件具體的事屬于抽象名詞具體化故也用不定冠詞a。答案：a________news that their son needed ________operation on his knee.

　　解析：句意：這對父母對他們的兒子需要做膝部手術的消息感到震驚。第一空news后帶有that引導的同位語從句表示特指故用定冠詞；第二個泛指“一個”故用不定冠詞且operation是以元音音素開頭故填an。答案：the；an(2024·江西南昌市八一中學月考改編)The girl was at ________loss when word came that she had been disqualified from the speech competition.解析：句意：當被取消演講比賽資格的消息傳來時那個女孩很茫然。at a loss為固定短語意為“茫然的”。答案：a________larger size？This pair is a bit too small around my waist.解析：句意：這些牛仔褲還有更大碼的嗎？這條對我的腰圍來說有點小。“a ＋比較級”表示：比……更……的；“the＋比較級”表示：(兩者中)較……的。設空處表示比說話者試穿的那件更大一點兒故與不定冠詞連用。答案：a________year.

　　—Right，he will also get paid by ________week.

　　解析：根據句意可知第一空表示“每一、每”的概念所以用不定冠詞a；第二空by the week為固定用法表示“按周計算”。答案：a；the________most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it is also ________very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.

　　解析：句意：大學是一段學習和探索的非常有價值的時光而且對于我們每一個人來說也是一次很快樂很有價值的經歷。第一空因為沒有明確的范圍故不用最高級意為“很非常”；experience意為“經歷”時是可數名詞在這里是泛指所以前面需要用不定冠詞。答案：a；a單句改錯(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.解析：in a hurry為固定短語意為“匆匆忙忙”。答案：在第一個in后加a(2024·高考新課標全國卷Ⅰ·短文改錯)As result________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：as a result為固定短語意為“因此結果”。答案：As后加a(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯)That day I didn’t learn much about animalslearnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：單詞impressive的讀音以元音音素開頭故將a改為an。答案：a—any the wonders of the nature.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：nature“大自然”為不可數名詞答案：刪掉nature前的the(2024·福建龍巖教學質量檢測改編)We all hold a view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai.解析：句意：那位主管應該承擔上海這次火災的全部責任我們都持有這種觀點。view后帶有that引導的同位語從句故view表示特指。答案：a—the6．To get thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：為了全面地了解自己還需要適時地幫助自己。有些不可數名詞如knowledge等后面加of...時前面需用不定冠詞a/an。答案：get后加a解析：句意：印度尼西亞的一架亞洲航空公司的客機機上載有162人據報道已經墜入海中。“一架亞洲航空的客機”以元音開頭用不定冠詞an。答案：A—An____

　　解析：句意：這是我迄今為止看過的最鼓舞人心的電影了。由后面的定語從句that I have ever seen可知most inspiring為形容詞最高級故a改為the。答案：a—the______________________________________________

　　解析：句意：在孩子們的眼中上網只會帶給他們無窮的樂趣。fun為不可數名詞故前不加不定冠詞。答案：刪掉aentrance examinations.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：高三學生有著很大的壓力因take the risk of屬于固定搭配意為：承擔……風險。答案：a—the[高考模擬]語法填空(2024·吉林長春外國語期中考試)閱讀下面材料在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。____________ (increase)pressure to study long hours every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school，some of 2.____________ even have to attend extra classes in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers 3.____________ (concern)．To help solve 4.____________ problemw 5.____________ (regular) that no students shall go to school at weekends 6.____________ during official holidays.We support such a reform and we know that 7.____________ is essential and important for us students to balance study and relaxation.You see，New Year’s Day 8.____________ (approach)，and I’ll make good use of the time 9.____________

　　(relax)．Also____________ (effective) when I come back to school.

　　【解題導語】　本文講述目前學生壓力大相關部門制定政策來禁止補課讓學生休息好才能在學校學習好。解析：考查非謂語動詞。increasing作pressure。答案：increasing解析：考查定語從句。句意：他們一天八個小時在學校許多人還上補習課指的是人故用whom。答案：whom解析：考查固定短語。 make sb.concerned使某人擔心。答案：concerned解析：考查冠詞。本句中的problem表示特指指所提到的問題故用定冠詞the或指示代詞this。答案：the/this解析：考查名詞。根據have made a new________(regular)中的a和new可知空格處應為名詞。答案：regulation解析：考查連詞。句意：為了幫助解決這個問題相關部門制定一系列的規定不允許學生在周末或假期補課。此處為并列關系故用or。答案：or解析：考查代詞。句意：我們知道這對于我們學生來說平衡學習與休息是非常有必要的。答案：it解析：考查動詞的時態。句意：春節即將臨近我們要利用時間休息。用答案：is approaching解析：考查非謂語動詞。make good use of the time to do sth.充分利用時間做某事。答案：to relax解析：考查副詞。effectively用來修飾study。答案：effectively短文改錯(2024·長春市調研試題)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多11處起)不計分。Mr.Zhang is sixty years old and had retired.He taught our biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very good.He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict in us.Each time when we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct it.I was poor in biology.He often helps me with my study patiently.With his help I made great progresses.He was very kind to his students.As experienced teacher，he was respected or loved by all the students.

　　答案： retired.He taught

　　biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very .He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict

　　us.Each time

　　we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct .I was poor in biology.He often

　　me with my study patiently.With his help I made great .He was very kind to his students.As

　　experienced teacher，he was respected

　　loved by all the students.

　　名詞和冠詞

　　[專項訓練]【名詞】單句語法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改編)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?____________(suggest)．解析：句意：——如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？——好主意。good是形容詞修飾名詞故設空處答案：suggestionloped a ____________(tasty) for fine art.

　　解析：句意：在巴黎期間她培養了對美術的興趣。冠詞a后加名詞故填taste。答案：taste____________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

　　解析：句意：我對他的第一印象是他是一個善良且有思想的年輕人。my first修飾名詞再根據后面的謂語動詞為was故用單數形式。答案：impression____________(recognize)．解析：句意：從Sara還是個小女孩時起我就沒再見過她她現在已經變得讓我認不出了。beyond為介詞故后接名詞并且beyond recognition為固定搭配意為“難以辨認”。答案：recognition____________(solve)．解析：句意：學校顧問會幫你梳理一下你的問題但是他們不會給你任何直接的解決方法。設空處前面有動詞give故需要填一個名詞來作動詞的賓語。答案：solution(2024·福建福州質檢改編)—We’ve been destroying lots of forests every year.！We’ll be the ____________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.解析：句意：——我們每年都破壞大量森林。——太可惜了！我們會成為自己這種愚蠢行為的受害者。主語we表示復數故設空處也應用復數故填victims。答案：victims____________(sign) to show that a new，different city is coming out of its dark past.

　　解析：句意：有跡象表明一座全新的、不同的城市正擺脫它黑暗的過去。根據there are可知后面的名詞需要用復數形式。答案：signs____________(ruin) just because people were unwilling to cooperate.

　　解析：句意：因為人們不愿意合作致使這個計劃被毀壞。此處in ruins為習慣搭配意為“毀壞”。答案：ruins____________(different)．解析：句意：這項工作對他來說有點難他做了各種各樣的努力但沒有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影響”此處的make little difference表示“沒有多大作用”。答案：difference____________(knife) in the thief’s room，which were used to open safes.

　　解析根據a few可知knife需要用復數形式根據以-fe結尾的名詞變復數的規則可知knife的復數形式為knives。答案：knives單句改錯(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.解析：由其前的three可知此處名詞side應為復數形式表示“教室的三面”。答案：side—sides(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.解析：step為可數名詞前面有some修飾故用復數形式。答案：step—steps(2024·高考遼寧卷·短文改錯)We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.解析：time在此處為可數名詞意為“次數”。由上文的several可知此處應用復數形式。答案：time—times(2024·福建漳浦三中調研改編)If you want to own an iPhone 6 ahead________________

　　解析：句意：如果你想提前擁有一臺蘋果6手機你將不得不預定否則你就要等一段時間了。根據a可知后面應為名詞。答案：reserve—reservation____________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：一項新的研究表明如果你的朋友和家人變胖了那么你也有可能會變胖。the chances are that...意為“可能……”。答案：chance—chancese on his farm.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：根據句意可知應用sheep的復數形式。根據名詞復數的變化規則可知的單復數同形。答案：sheeps—sheepafter being admitted to hospital.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：約翰和湯姆的媽媽被接收入院后五個小時都不省人事。由題干was可知此處主語是單數形式表示“約翰和湯姆共有的媽媽”所以只在最后一個名詞詞尾加’s。答案：John’s—Johntold us that it was about twenty minutes walk to Mike’s house.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：s所有格表示所有關系。答案：minutes—minutes’d travel the Europeans made contacts with the Arabs of the Mediterranean area and the Near East.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：通過貿易和旅游歐洲人與地中海和近東地區的阿拉伯人聯系起來。make contact with為固定搭配。答案：contacts—contact！It’ll be a great fun to fly kites in the field.解析：fun為不可數名詞前不加不定冠詞。答案：去掉a【冠詞】單句語法填空(2024·安徽合肥市三中檢測改編)Gottlieb Daimler________German engineer，is normally believed to have invented ________car.

　　解析：句意：通常人們認為是戈特利布·戴姆勒一位德國的工程師發明了汽車。第一空用不定冠詞a泛指“一個德國的工程師”；第二空用定冠詞the特指汽車這種發明。答案：a；the________Maggie Smith，but not ________famous one.

　　解析：a表示泛指；第二空表特指指雙方都知道的那個名人故填定冠詞the。答案：a；the3．—Mum，why can’t I have ________new bike?

　　—Dear，you know，money doesn’t grow on trees.

　　解析：句意：——媽媽為什么我不能有一輛嶄新的自行車？——親a。答案：a________power of confidence，and there is no student as competitive as ________student who trusts his own abilities.

　　解析：句意：沒power后有限制性定語of confidence故power表示特指故填定冠詞the；student在此泛指一個相信自己能力的學生故填不定冠詞a。答案：the；a(2024·福建福州市第八中學質檢改編)Tom will succeed to your property(財產) after your death________success.

　　解析：句意：湯姆將會在你死后繼承你的財產但是我不認為他是一個成功的人。因為success在此表示一件具體的事屬于抽象名詞具體化故也用不定冠詞a。答案：a________news that their son needed ________operation on his knee.

　　解析：句意：這對父母對他們的兒子需要做膝部手術的消息感到震驚。第一空news后帶有that引導的同位語從句表示特指故用定冠詞；第二個泛指“一個”故用不定冠詞且operation是以元音音素開頭故填an。答案：the；an(2024·江西南昌市八一中學月考改編)The girl was at ________loss when word came that she had been disqualified from the speech competition.解析：句意：當被取消演講比賽資格的消息傳來時那個女孩很茫然。at a loss為固定短語意為“茫然的”。答案：a________larger size？This pair is a bit too small around my waist.解析：句意：這些牛仔褲還有更大碼的嗎？這條對我的腰圍來說有點小。“a ＋比較級”表示：比……更……的；“the＋比較級”表示：(兩者中)較……的。設空處表示比說話者試穿的那件更大一點兒故與不定冠詞連用。答案：a________year.

　　—Right，he will also get paid by ________week.

　　解析：根據句意可知第一空表示“每一、每”的概念所以用不定冠詞a；第二空by the week為固定用法表示“按周計算”。答案：a；the________most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it is also ________very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.

　　解析：句意：大學是一段學習和探索的非常有價值的時光而且對于我們每一個人來說也是一次很快樂很有價值的經歷。第一空因為沒有明確的范圍故不用最高級意為“很非常”；experience意為“經歷”時是可數名詞在這里是泛指所以前面需要用不定冠詞。答案：a；a單句改錯(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.解析：in a hurry為固定短語意為“匆匆忙忙”。答案：在第一個in后加a(2024·高考新課標全國卷Ⅰ·短文改錯)As result________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：as a result為固定短語意為“因此結果”。答案：As后加a(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯)That day I didn’t learn much about animalslearnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：單詞impressive的讀音以元音音素開頭故將a改為an。答案：a—any the wonders of the nature.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：nature“大自然”為不可數名詞答案：刪掉nature前的the(2024·福建龍巖教學質量檢測改編)We all hold a view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai.解析：句意：那位主管應該承擔上海這次火災的全部責任我們都持有這種觀點。view后帶有that引導的同位語從句故view表示特指。答案：a—the6．To get thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：為了全面地了解自己還需要適時地幫助自己。有些不可數名詞如knowledge等后面加of...時前面需用不定冠詞a/an。答案：get后加a解析：句意：印度尼西亞的一架亞洲航空公司的客機機上載有162人據報道已經墜入海中。“一架亞洲航空的客機”以元音開頭用不定冠詞an。答案：A—An____

　　解析：句意：這是我迄今為止看過的最鼓舞人心的電影了。由后面的定語從句that I have ever seen可知most inspiring為形容詞最高級故a改為the。答案：a—the______________________________________________

　　解析：句意：在孩子們的眼中上網只會帶給他們無窮的樂趣。fun為不可數名詞故前不加不定冠詞。答案：刪掉aentrance examinations.

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：高三學生有著很大的壓力因take the risk of屬于固定搭配意為：承擔……風險。答案：a—the[高考模擬]語法填空(2024·吉林長春外國語期中考試)閱讀下面材料在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。____________ (increase)pressure to study long hours every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school，some of 2.____________ even have to attend extra classes in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers 3.____________ (concern)．To help solve 4.____________ problemw 5.____________ (regular) that no students shall go to school at weekends 6.____________ during official holidays.We support such a reform and we know that 7.____________ is essential and important for us students to balance study and relaxation.You see，New Year’s Day 8.____________ (approach)，and I’ll make good use of the time 9.____________

　　(relax)．Also____________ (effective) when I come back to school.

　　【解題導語】　本文講述目前學生壓力大相關部門制定政策來禁止補課讓學生休息好才能在學校學習好。解析：考查非謂語動詞。increasing作pressure。答案：increasing解析：考查定語從句。句意：他們一天八個小時在學校許多人還上補習課指的是人故用whom。答案：whom解析：考查固定短語。 make sb.concerned使某人擔心。答案：concerned解析：考查冠詞。本句中的problem表示特指指所提到的問題故用定冠詞the或指示代詞this。答案：the/this解析：考查名詞。根據have made a new________(regular)中的a和new可知空格處應為名詞。答案：regulation解析：考查連詞。句意：為了幫助解決這個問題相關部門制定一系列的規定不允許學生在周末或假期補課。此處為并列關系故用or。答案：or解析：考查代詞。句意：我們知道這對于我們學生來說平衡學習與休息是非常有必要的。答案：it解析：考查動詞的時態。句意：春節即將臨近我們要利用時間休息。用答案：is approaching解析：考查非謂語動詞。make good use of the time to do sth.充分利用時間做某事。答案：to relax解析：考查副詞。effectively用來修飾study。答案：effectively短文改錯(2024·長春市調研試題)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多11處起)不計分。Mr.Zhang is sixty years old and had retired.He taught our biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very good.He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict in us.Each time when we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct it.I was poor in biology.He often helps me with my study patiently.With his help I made great progresses.He was very kind to his students.As experienced teacher，he was respected or loved by all the students.

　　答案： retired.He taught

　　biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very .He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict

　　us.Each time

　　we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct .I was poor in biology.He often

　　me with my study patiently.With his help I made great .He was very kind to his students.As

　　experienced teacher，he was respected

　　loved by all the students.