專題六 人物傳記類

　　專項強化·訓(xùn)練

　　A

　　(2024湖南懷化一模)

　　In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student,two years ahead of me in his studies;he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty.This was Stephen Hawking.I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree.

　　But,amazingly,he has reached the age of 73.Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle,but of course,he didn’t merely survive.He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research,for his bestselling books,and,above all,for his astonishing victory over hardship.

　　Stephen received his “death sentence” in 1964,when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study.Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University.He was said to be a “l(fā)azy” undergraduate,but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree,an “entry ticket” to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement.Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair-bound,and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well.But his scientific career went from strength to strength:he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began.In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32.

　　The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected—for instance,Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits.Stephen’s revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum(量子) theory has still not been tested.However,it has been hugely influential;indeed,one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理論) has been to confirm and build on his idea.He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top-ten living theoretical physicists.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了當(dāng)代著名的科學(xué)家:斯蒂芬·霍金。身患嚴(yán)重疾病的他早在1964年就被醫(yī)學(xué)界判處死刑,能活到70多歲已經(jīng)是一個奇跡,更何況還有那么多重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。難怪他能與牛頓、愛因斯坦等巨匠齊名。

　　1.What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?

　　A.His brilliant research.

　　B.His bestselling books.

　　C.His serious disease.

　　D.His defeating hardship.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“and,above all,for his astonishing victory over hardship.”可知令作者感受最深的是他能克服常人難以逾越的困難。選D項。

　　答案:D

　　2.What made Stephen Hawking start his research career at Cambridge?

　　A.His death sentence.

　　B.His “l(fā)azy” attitude.

　　C.His above-average talent and ability.

　　D.His rich experience.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中的“He was said to be a ‘lazy’ undergraduate,but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree...”意思是:有人說霍金是一個懶學(xué)生,但他的聰明讓他成為班里的第一名。

　　答案:C

　　3.It can be inferred that Stephen Hawking was born 　.?

　　A.in the early 1940s

　　B.in the late 1940s

　　C.in the early 1930s

　　D.in the late 1930s

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)句子“In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32.”可判斷霍金出生于1941年。選A項。

　　答案:A

　　4.What can we learn from the text?

　　A.Hawking’s theory was proved years ago.

　　B.Hawking was not as successful as Newton.

　　C.String theory built on Hawking’s idea.

　　D.Hawking’s theory has had little influence on others.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段句子“...indeed,one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理論) has been to confirm and build on his idea.”可知,霍金的理論幫助弦理論得到證實。C項正確。

　　答案:C

　　5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.He achieved one success after another in his career despite his disease.

　　B.He couldn’t walk when the author first met him at Cambridge.

　　C.He not only survived his disease but contributed greatly to science.

　　D.He is among the greatest scientists to improve the knowledge of gravity.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段句子“he was unsteady on his feet,...”告訴我們作者開始見到霍金的時候,他走路不穩(wěn),所以B項的表達(dá)是錯誤的。

　　答案:B

　　B

　　(2024安徽淮北二模)

　　They say that good wine needs no bush,but a TV show means that people now know Li Jian is a fine wine indeed.?

　　On the reality show I Am a Singer 3,the 40-year-old singer-songwriter has been praised for his singing ability.On stage,Li sings quiet songs slowly and “rescues the program”,commented Cheng Zhenwei on People’s Daily Online.

　　Harbin-born Li has a clear and smooth voice,which he inherited(繼承) from his Peking Opera singer father.And his shy nature has also earned him the nickname(綽號)“Poetic Musician”.“In my younger days,music was like therapy(療法),” he said.Music was also the bridge that got him into Tsinghua University.In the 1990s,a group ShuimuNianhua,which Li formed with another Tsinghua student called Lu Gengxu,was one of the best groups of the type.But the pair went their separate ways in 2002.Li was tired of doing commercial performances.Also,he didn’t agree with their decision to change their style from folk to rock.Afterward,Li released(發(fā)行) several albums on his own.They were all in his own musical style.

　　Unlike some other musicians who release their songs quickly,Li took his time to write heartfelt music.“Writing songs is like collecting water in a cup.When the cup is full,the water comes out naturally,” he told China Daily.

　　For nearly ten years,he did very few interviews or concerts.His low-key life may well have continued if Wang Fei hadn’t sung his song,Legend,at 2010s CCTV Spring Festival Gala.Li said the song brought him out of his “cave” and back into spotlight:concerts and reality shows have been endless,including this year’s I Am a Singer.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是人物閱讀。文章主要講述了李健在舞臺上取得成功的經(jīng)歷和成就。

　　6.According to the passage,what’s the implied meaning of the underlined sentence at the beginning?

　　A.Li Jian likes to drink the good wine in his spare time.

　　B.Li Jian is considered to be a good singer after participating in the TV show.

　　C.The audience recommended a place for Li Jian to buy the good and old wine.

　　D.Li Jian celebrated a success with the audience after taking part in the TV show.

　　解析:句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“good wine needs no bush”酒香客自來,和第二段對李健的介紹可知李健被認(rèn)為是參加電視表演秀的一名優(yōu)秀歌唱演員。故選B項。

　　答案:B

　　7.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.Li Jian’s singing ability and rock songs have left a deep impression on the people.

　　B.Nowadays,the group Shuimu Nianhua,is one of the best groups of the type in China.

　　C.Li Jian’s father preferred him to learn the Peking Opera rather than sing popular songs.

　　D.The song Legend attracted people’s attention to Li Jian,bringing him back to the stage.

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段的第二句話排除A項;根據(jù)文章第三段的第四句話排除B項;通讀全文文章沒有暗示或說明李健的父親更愿意讓他學(xué)京劇而不是唱流行歌曲;根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句話可知歌曲《傳奇》讓人們關(guān)注李健,并將他帶回到舞臺上。故選D項。

　　答案:D

　　8.What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A.As for Li Jian,writing songs is a process of accumulating.

　　B.The pair ShuimuNianhua went separately due to lack of money.

　　C.Li has a clear and smooth voice so he can release songs quickly.

　　D.Music was one of the bridges that got him into Tsinghua University.

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段李健所說的話進(jìn)行推斷:對于李健來說,寫歌詞就是一個積累的過程。故選A項。

　　答案:A

　　9.Which of the following can best describe Li Jian?

　　A.Ambitious.B.Optimistic.

　　C.Aggressive. D.Talented.

　　解析:推理判斷題。ambitious“有雄心的”;optimistic“樂觀的”;aggressive“有暴力傾向的”;talented“有天賦的”。通讀全文,特別是根據(jù)文章的第三段可推斷李健很有天賦。故選D項。

　　答案:D

　　C

　　(2024北京東城一模)

　　Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms.Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job.They are in many ways just like archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)digging up the physical history of people and events.The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history,so to speak,through the words and phrases that are left behind.

　　The English language,in particular,is a great field to explore history through words.As a language,English has an extraordinary number of words.This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily.For example,“English” words such as kindergarten (from German),croissant (from French),and cheetah (from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings.So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.

　　Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries.No,etymologists do not go around solving murders,like the great detective Sherlock Holmes.What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.

　　One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK.Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions,its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day.Even its spelling is not entirely consistent—unless you spell it Okay,it is hard even to call it a word.

　　Etymologists have been able to narrow OK’s origin down to a likely,although not certain,source.It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren’s run for president in 1840.His nickname was Old Kinderhook.What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known.It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source.Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source.However,it is clear that OK’s popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是語言知識文章閱讀。本文主要告訴我們英語單詞或詞根給人們帶來學(xué)習(xí)語言的快樂。

　　10.The author mentions the words like “croissant” in Paragraph 2 to indicate　.?

　　A.words have changed a lot in the two languages

　　B.what English-language etymologists are exploring now

　　C.English has absorbed many words from other foreign languages

　　D.the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people

　　解析:詞義推測題。A項“在兩種語言中話語已經(jīng)改變了很多”;B項“現(xiàn)在英文詞源學(xué)者正在開發(fā)的東西”;C項“英語已經(jīng)引進(jìn)了許多的外來語言的單詞”;D項“對于不說英語的人們來說英語詞匯很難”。根據(jù)文章的第二段的“...have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings.”可知英語已經(jīng)引進(jìn)了太多的外來詞。故選C項。

　　答案:C

　　11.The underlined word “pursued” in Paragraph 4 means 　.?

　　A.looked upon B.dug up

　　C.put in D.set down

　　解析:詞義推測題。look upon“看作”;dig up“挖掘”;put in“插進(jìn)”;set down“放下”。根據(jù)“One of the biggest questions English language experts...”語言專家挖掘的最大問題之一是……。故選B項。

　　答案:B

　　12.We can learn from the passage that etymologists 　.?

　　A.discover the possible origin of words

　　B.help detectives to solve mysterious murders

　　C.write interesting stories for some newspapers

　　D.explore the English language as well as the recent events

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句話“Etymologists have been able to narrow OK’s origin down to a likely,although not certain,source.”和文章的第一句話“Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms.”可知語言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯的來源。故選A項。

　　答案:A

　　13.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A.To present the history of English words.

　　B.To explain the procedure of an etymologist’s job.

　　C.To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots.

　　D.To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words.

　　解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文,并根據(jù)第二、三、四、五段可知文章主要是介紹學(xué)習(xí)單詞和詞根的快樂。故選C項。

　　答案:C

　　專題六 人物傳記類

　　專項強化·訓(xùn)練

　　A

　　(2024湖南懷化一模)

　　In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student,two years ahead of me in his studies;he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty.This was Stephen Hawking.I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree.

　　But,amazingly,he has reached the age of 73.Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle,but of course,he didn’t merely survive.He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research,for his bestselling books,and,above all,for his astonishing victory over hardship.

　　Stephen received his “death sentence” in 1964,when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study.Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University.He was said to be a “l(fā)azy” undergraduate,but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree,an “entry ticket” to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement.Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair-bound,and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well.But his scientific career went from strength to strength:he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began.In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32.

　　The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected—for instance,Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits.Stephen’s revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum(量子) theory has still not been tested.However,it has been hugely influential;indeed,one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理論) has been to confirm and build on his idea.He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top-ten living theoretical physicists.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了當(dāng)代著名的科學(xué)家:斯蒂芬·霍金。身患嚴(yán)重疾病的他早在1964年就被醫(yī)學(xué)界判處死刑,能活到70多歲已經(jīng)是一個奇跡,更何況還有那么多重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。難怪他能與牛頓、愛因斯坦等巨匠齊名。

　　1.What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?

　　A.His brilliant research.

　　B.His bestselling books.

　　C.His serious disease.

　　D.His defeating hardship.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“and,above all,for his astonishing victory over hardship.”可知令作者感受最深的是他能克服常人難以逾越的困難。選D項。

　　答案:D

　　2.What made Stephen Hawking start his research career at Cambridge?

　　A.His death sentence.

　　B.His “l(fā)azy” attitude.

　　C.His above-average talent and ability.

　　D.His rich experience.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中的“He was said to be a ‘lazy’ undergraduate,but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree...”意思是:有人說霍金是一個懶學(xué)生,但他的聰明讓他成為班里的第一名。

　　答案:C

　　3.It can be inferred that Stephen Hawking was born 　.?

　　A.in the early 1940s

　　B.in the late 1940s

　　C.in the early 1930s

　　D.in the late 1930s

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)句子“In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32.”可判斷霍金出生于1941年。選A項。

　　答案:A

　　4.What can we learn from the text?

　　A.Hawking’s theory was proved years ago.

　　B.Hawking was not as successful as Newton.

　　C.String theory built on Hawking’s idea.

　　D.Hawking’s theory has had little influence on others.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段句子“...indeed,one of the main achievements of string theory(弦理論) has been to confirm and build on his idea.”可知,霍金的理論幫助弦理論得到證實。C項正確。

　　答案:C

　　5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.He achieved one success after another in his career despite his disease.

　　B.He couldn’t walk when the author first met him at Cambridge.

　　C.He not only survived his disease but contributed greatly to science.

　　D.He is among the greatest scientists to improve the knowledge of gravity.

　　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段句子“he was unsteady on his feet,...”告訴我們作者開始見到霍金的時候,他走路不穩(wěn),所以B項的表達(dá)是錯誤的。

　　答案:B

　　B

　　(2024安徽淮北二模)

　　They say that good wine needs no bush,but a TV show means that people now know Li Jian is a fine wine indeed.?

　　On the reality show I Am a Singer 3,the 40-year-old singer-songwriter has been praised for his singing ability.On stage,Li sings quiet songs slowly and “rescues the program”,commented Cheng Zhenwei on People’s Daily Online.

　　Harbin-born Li has a clear and smooth voice,which he inherited(繼承) from his Peking Opera singer father.And his shy nature has also earned him the nickname(綽號)“Poetic Musician”.“In my younger days,music was like therapy(療法),” he said.Music was also the bridge that got him into Tsinghua University.In the 1990s,a group ShuimuNianhua,which Li formed with another Tsinghua student called Lu Gengxu,was one of the best groups of the type.But the pair went their separate ways in 2002.Li was tired of doing commercial performances.Also,he didn’t agree with their decision to change their style from folk to rock.Afterward,Li released(發(fā)行) several albums on his own.They were all in his own musical style.

　　Unlike some other musicians who release their songs quickly,Li took his time to write heartfelt music.“Writing songs is like collecting water in a cup.When the cup is full,the water comes out naturally,” he told China Daily.

　　For nearly ten years,he did very few interviews or concerts.His low-key life may well have continued if Wang Fei hadn’t sung his song,Legend,at 2010s CCTV Spring Festival Gala.Li said the song brought him out of his “cave” and back into spotlight:concerts and reality shows have been endless,including this year’s I Am a Singer.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是人物閱讀。文章主要講述了李健在舞臺上取得成功的經(jīng)歷和成就。

　　6.According to the passage,what’s the implied meaning of the underlined sentence at the beginning?

　　A.Li Jian likes to drink the good wine in his spare time.

　　B.Li Jian is considered to be a good singer after participating in the TV show.

　　C.The audience recommended a place for Li Jian to buy the good and old wine.

　　D.Li Jian celebrated a success with the audience after taking part in the TV show.

　　解析:句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“good wine needs no bush”酒香客自來,和第二段對李健的介紹可知李健被認(rèn)為是參加電視表演秀的一名優(yōu)秀歌唱演員。故選B項。

　　答案:B

　　7.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.Li Jian’s singing ability and rock songs have left a deep impression on the people.

　　B.Nowadays,the group Shuimu Nianhua,is one of the best groups of the type in China.

　　C.Li Jian’s father preferred him to learn the Peking Opera rather than sing popular songs.

　　D.The song Legend attracted people’s attention to Li Jian,bringing him back to the stage.

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段的第二句話排除A項;根據(jù)文章第三段的第四句話排除B項;通讀全文文章沒有暗示或說明李健的父親更愿意讓他學(xué)京劇而不是唱流行歌曲;根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句話可知歌曲《傳奇》讓人們關(guān)注李健,并將他帶回到舞臺上。故選D項。

　　答案:D

　　8.What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A.As for Li Jian,writing songs is a process of accumulating.

　　B.The pair ShuimuNianhua went separately due to lack of money.

　　C.Li has a clear and smooth voice so he can release songs quickly.

　　D.Music was one of the bridges that got him into Tsinghua University.

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段李健所說的話進(jìn)行推斷:對于李健來說,寫歌詞就是一個積累的過程。故選A項。

　　答案:A

　　9.Which of the following can best describe Li Jian?

　　A.Ambitious.B.Optimistic.

　　C.Aggressive. D.Talented.

　　解析:推理判斷題。ambitious“有雄心的”;optimistic“樂觀的”;aggressive“有暴力傾向的”;talented“有天賦的”。通讀全文,特別是根據(jù)文章的第三段可推斷李健很有天賦。故選D項。

　　答案:D

　　C

　　(2024北京東城一模)

　　Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms.Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job.They are in many ways just like archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)digging up the physical history of people and events.The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history,so to speak,through the words and phrases that are left behind.

　　The English language,in particular,is a great field to explore history through words.As a language,English has an extraordinary number of words.This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily.For example,“English” words such as kindergarten (from German),croissant (from French),and cheetah (from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings.So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.

　　Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries.No,etymologists do not go around solving murders,like the great detective Sherlock Holmes.What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.

　　One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK.Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions,its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day.Even its spelling is not entirely consistent—unless you spell it Okay,it is hard even to call it a word.

　　Etymologists have been able to narrow OK’s origin down to a likely,although not certain,source.It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren’s run for president in 1840.His nickname was Old Kinderhook.What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known.It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source.Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source.However,it is clear that OK’s popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是語言知識文章閱讀。本文主要告訴我們英語單詞或詞根給人們帶來學(xué)習(xí)語言的快樂。

　　10.The author mentions the words like “croissant” in Paragraph 2 to indicate　.?

　　A.words have changed a lot in the two languages

　　B.what English-language etymologists are exploring now

　　C.English has absorbed many words from other foreign languages

　　D.the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people

　　解析:詞義推測題。A項“在兩種語言中話語已經(jīng)改變了很多”;B項“現(xiàn)在英文詞源學(xué)者正在開發(fā)的東西”;C項“英語已經(jīng)引進(jìn)了許多的外來語言的單詞”;D項“對于不說英語的人們來說英語詞匯很難”。根據(jù)文章的第二段的“...have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings.”可知英語已經(jīng)引進(jìn)了太多的外來詞。故選C項。

　　答案:C

　　11.The underlined word “pursued” in Paragraph 4 means 　.?

　　A.looked upon B.dug up

　　C.put in D.set down

　　解析:詞義推測題。look upon“看作”;dig up“挖掘”;put in“插進(jìn)”;set down“放下”。根據(jù)“One of the biggest questions English language experts...”語言專家挖掘的最大問題之一是……。故選B項。

　　答案:B

　　12.We can learn from the passage that etymologists 　.?

　　A.discover the possible origin of words

　　B.help detectives to solve mysterious murders

　　C.write interesting stories for some newspapers

　　D.explore the English language as well as the recent events

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句話“Etymologists have been able to narrow OK’s origin down to a likely,although not certain,source.”和文章的第一句話“Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms.”可知語言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯的來源。故選A項。

　　答案:A

　　13.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A.To present the history of English words.

　　B.To explain the procedure of an etymologist’s job.

　　C.To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots.

　　D.To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words.

　　解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文,并根據(jù)第二、三、四、五段可知文章主要是介紹學(xué)習(xí)單詞和詞根的快樂。故選C項。

　　答案:C