語(yǔ)法專題5 形容詞與副詞

　　Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2024·安徽，26改編)I'm so ________(gratefully) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.

　　答案：grateful　be grateful to...意為“對(duì)……感激/感謝”。

　　2．(2024·安徽，31改編)They gave money to the old people's home either ________(person) or through their companies.

　　答案：personally　personally“私人地，個(gè)人地”。句意：他們以個(gè)人的名義或通過(guò)他們的公司給養(yǎng)老院捐錢。

　　3．(2024·浙江，13改編)Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________(former) alive.

　　答案：formerly　formerly“先前地，以前地”。句意：如果我們了解甚至一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)有關(guān)食物是從哪兒來(lái)的，那么大多數(shù)人都懂得每一口放進(jìn)我們嘴里的食物之前都是活著的。

　　4．(2024·湖北，27改編)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be________(punctuality).

　　答案：punctual　punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。句意：盡管會(huì)議大廳就在他的公寓附近，但如果他想要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，他必須得快點(diǎn)。

　　5．(2024·湖北，28改編)I don't think what he said is ________(relevantly) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.

　　答案：relevant　relevant相關(guān)的，切題的。句意：我認(rèn)為他所說(shuō)的話與我們正在討論的問(wèn)題不相關(guān)。他沒(méi)有抓住要點(diǎn)。

　　6．(2024·四川，9改編)Little Tom sat ________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.

　　答案：amazed　amazed意為“感到吃驚的”，常修飾人。句意：小湯姆吃驚地坐在那兒看著猴子在他面前跳舞。拓展：These soldiers spent three days in the old weather，cold and hungry.這些士兵們又冷又餓，在嚴(yán)寒的天氣中過(guò)了三天。

　　7．(2024·福建，23改編)It was ________(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

　　答案：considerate　considerate考慮周到的，體貼的，常用結(jié)構(gòu)It is considerate of sb. to do sth。句意：邁克爾告知我們他耽擱了一些時(shí)間，以防我們擔(dān)心真是太考慮周到了。

　　8．(2024·江蘇，31改編)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and________(comprehension) review of the case.

　　答案：comprehensive　comprehensive“全面的，詳盡的”。句意：警官們決定對(duì)這個(gè)案件做一個(gè)徹底、詳盡的審查。

　　9．(2024·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ，70改編)Just be ________(patience).

　　答案：patient　句意為：要耐心。設(shè)空前為系動(dòng)詞be，因此要用提示詞的形容詞形式作表語(yǔ)，故填patient。

　　10．(2024·湖北，27改編)What was so ______(impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.

　　答案：impressive　句意為：賈絲明·韋斯特蘭的勝利給人印象很深的是，她赤腳取得了馬拉松的第一名。設(shè)空處和前面的系動(dòng)詞was構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的”。

　　11．(2024·陜西，16改編)—You know, I met my girlfriend's parents for the first time only yesterday.

　　—______(real)? I thought you'd met them before.

　　答案：Really　句意為：——你知道么，我就是在昨天第一次見(jiàn)了女友的父母。——真的嗎？我以為你以前就見(jiàn)過(guò)他們了呢。really意為“真的”，在此處表示驚奇。

　　12．(2024·湖北，29改編)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he______(deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.

　　答案：deliberately　設(shè)空處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞destroyed，用副詞形式。句意為：不要再為他辯解了。很顯然他是故意弄壞花園的柵欄的，他甚至都不道歉。

　　13．(2024·江西，23改編)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it ______.

　　答案：otherwise　句意為：多謝你把我們領(lǐng)到這所房子，否則，我們是不可能找到它的。otherwise意為“要不然，否則”符合語(yǔ)境。

　　14．(2024·湖北，78改編)This novel was once the ______(wide) read book in high schools in the United States.

　　答案：most widely　句意為：這部小說(shuō)曾經(jīng)是美國(guó)高中閱讀最廣泛的書。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞及空后的in high schools in the United States可知，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)the most widely來(lái)修飾過(guò)去分詞read，故填most widely。

　　15．(2024·遼寧，68)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you！

　　答案：harder　本句是固定句式：“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”，表示“越……就越……”。句意為：你越是用力打他，你就越可能被打，他能夠控制你！故答案為harder。

　　Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of __1__ (wood) boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was __2__ (extreme) heavy. It __3__ (sudden) occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was __4__ (astonish) at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of __5__ (wool) goods. He was __6__ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding __7__ (silent) in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and __8__ (comfort) trip, for he had been confined (關(guān)在)to the wooden box __9__ (secret)for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay ￡3,500 for the cost of the trip, which was __10__ expensive than the normal price, which only cost ￡2,000.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.wooden　2.extremely　3.suddenly　4.astonished　

　　5．woolen　6.so　7.silently　8.uncomfortable　9.secretly

　　10．more

　　Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)

　　1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

　　答案：seriously改為serious　應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，不能用副詞。

　　2．(2024·遼寧)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.

　　答案：closely改為close　closely是副詞，副詞通常不能和系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)改為形容詞close，本句how close the houses are中的close本應(yīng)該是在系動(dòng)詞are的后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)are close。

　　3．(2024·廣東，23改編)But such a small thing couldn’t possible destroy a village.

　　答案：possible改為possibly　修飾動(dòng)詞destroy，用副詞形式。

　　4．(2024·湖北，26改編)“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，”Father suggested tentative to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

　　答案：tentative改為tentatively　修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞suggested，用副詞形式。

　　5．(2024·湖南，24改編)Bicycling is good exercise；beside, it does not pollute the air.

　　答案：beside改為besides　句意為：騎單車是一項(xiàng)非常好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且，還不會(huì)污染空氣。這里表示的是“另外，而且”表示進(jìn)一步從另外一個(gè)角度闡明該問(wèn)題，應(yīng)用副詞besides。beside是介詞，意為“在……旁邊”。

　　6．(2024·寧夏銀川一中月考)Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.

　　答案：interested改為interesting　表示“(事物本身)有趣的”，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞。句意為：因此，我給他們講有趣的故事，告訴(他們)我有多么喜歡巴西。

　　7．The doctor said there was nothing seriously with her.

　　答案：seriously改為serious　修飾不定代詞nothing，用于說(shuō)明其性質(zhì)和程度，應(yīng)該用形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　8．I write to my mother every week, most on Sundays.

　　答案：most改為mostly　副詞mostly表示“大部分地；主要地”，此處作“大多數(shù)”講，故將most改為mostly。most作副詞時(shí)，意為“最”。

　　9．Zaire is the second large producer of diamonds.

　　答案：large改為largest　根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示最高級(jí)意義，largest前加序數(shù)詞表示“第幾大……”。

　　10．After making a carefully examination, the doctor said, “You are in a very good state of health for a woman of your age.

　　答案：carefully改為careful　examination是名詞，要用形容詞來(lái)修飾。

　　11．The dog may be a good companion for the old. Therefore, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

　　答案：Therefore改為However　句意為：狗或許是老年人的好朋友，然而帶著它散步可能不方便。disadvantage是關(guān)鍵詞，由此可知前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。

　　12．Hearing the news that he failed in the exam, he felt very sadly.

　　答案：sadly改為sad　此處felt為系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用sad。

　　13．He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.

　　答案：comfortable改為comfortably　修飾動(dòng)詞live，應(yīng)用副詞comfortably。

　　14．When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famous writer of his day.

　　答案：late改為later　late作形容詞或副詞，意為“遲，晚”；later作副詞，意為“后來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　15．This is a most beautiful park. I have never seen a best one before.

　　答案：best改為better　此處用比較級(jí)better，放在否定句中表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。

　　語(yǔ)法專題5 形容詞與副詞

　　Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2024·安徽，26改編)I'm so ________(gratefully) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.

　　答案：grateful　be grateful to...意為“對(duì)……感激/感謝”。

　　2．(2024·安徽，31改編)They gave money to the old people's home either ________(person) or through their companies.

　　答案：personally　personally“私人地，個(gè)人地”。句意：他們以個(gè)人的名義或通過(guò)他們的公司給養(yǎng)老院捐錢。

　　3．(2024·浙江，13改編)Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________(former) alive.

　　答案：formerly　formerly“先前地，以前地”。句意：如果我們了解甚至一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)有關(guān)食物是從哪兒來(lái)的，那么大多數(shù)人都懂得每一口放進(jìn)我們嘴里的食物之前都是活著的。

　　4．(2024·湖北，27改編)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be________(punctuality).

　　答案：punctual　punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。句意：盡管會(huì)議大廳就在他的公寓附近，但如果他想要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，他必須得快點(diǎn)。

　　5．(2024·湖北，28改編)I don't think what he said is ________(relevantly) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.

　　答案：relevant　relevant相關(guān)的，切題的。句意：我認(rèn)為他所說(shuō)的話與我們正在討論的問(wèn)題不相關(guān)。他沒(méi)有抓住要點(diǎn)。

　　6．(2024·四川，9改編)Little Tom sat ________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.

　　答案：amazed　amazed意為“感到吃驚的”，常修飾人。句意：小湯姆吃驚地坐在那兒看著猴子在他面前跳舞。拓展：These soldiers spent three days in the old weather，cold and hungry.這些士兵們又冷又餓，在嚴(yán)寒的天氣中過(guò)了三天。

　　7．(2024·福建，23改編)It was ________(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

　　答案：considerate　considerate考慮周到的，體貼的，常用結(jié)構(gòu)It is considerate of sb. to do sth。句意：邁克爾告知我們他耽擱了一些時(shí)間，以防我們擔(dān)心真是太考慮周到了。

　　8．(2024·江蘇，31改編)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and________(comprehension) review of the case.

　　答案：comprehensive　comprehensive“全面的，詳盡的”。句意：警官們決定對(duì)這個(gè)案件做一個(gè)徹底、詳盡的審查。

　　9．(2024·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ，70改編)Just be ________(patience).

　　答案：patient　句意為：要耐心。設(shè)空前為系動(dòng)詞be，因此要用提示詞的形容詞形式作表語(yǔ)，故填patient。

　　10．(2024·湖北，27改編)What was so ______(impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.

　　答案：impressive　句意為：賈絲明·韋斯特蘭的勝利給人印象很深的是，她赤腳取得了馬拉松的第一名。設(shè)空處和前面的系動(dòng)詞was構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的”。

　　11．(2024·陜西，16改編)—You know, I met my girlfriend's parents for the first time only yesterday.

　　—______(real)? I thought you'd met them before.

　　答案：Really　句意為：——你知道么，我就是在昨天第一次見(jiàn)了女友的父母。——真的嗎？我以為你以前就見(jiàn)過(guò)他們了呢。really意為“真的”，在此處表示驚奇。

　　12．(2024·湖北，29改編)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he______(deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.

　　答案：deliberately　設(shè)空處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞destroyed，用副詞形式。句意為：不要再為他辯解了。很顯然他是故意弄壞花園的柵欄的，他甚至都不道歉。

　　13．(2024·江西，23改編)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it ______.

　　答案：otherwise　句意為：多謝你把我們領(lǐng)到這所房子，否則，我們是不可能找到它的。otherwise意為“要不然，否則”符合語(yǔ)境。

　　14．(2024·湖北，78改編)This novel was once the ______(wide) read book in high schools in the United States.

　　答案：most widely　句意為：這部小說(shuō)曾經(jīng)是美國(guó)高中閱讀最廣泛的書。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞及空后的in high schools in the United States可知，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)the most widely來(lái)修飾過(guò)去分詞read，故填most widely。

　　15．(2024·遼寧，68)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you！

　　答案：harder　本句是固定句式：“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”，表示“越……就越……”。句意為：你越是用力打他，你就越可能被打，他能夠控制你！故答案為harder。

　　Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of __1__ (wood) boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was __2__ (extreme) heavy. It __3__ (sudden) occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was __4__ (astonish) at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of __5__ (wool) goods. He was __6__ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding __7__ (silent) in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and __8__ (comfort) trip, for he had been confined (關(guān)在)to the wooden box __9__ (secret)for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay ￡3,500 for the cost of the trip, which was __10__ expensive than the normal price, which only cost ￡2,000.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.wooden　2.extremely　3.suddenly　4.astonished　

　　5．woolen　6.so　7.silently　8.uncomfortable　9.secretly

　　10．more

　　Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)

　　1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

　　答案：seriously改為serious　應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，不能用副詞。

　　2．(2024·遼寧)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.

　　答案：closely改為close　closely是副詞，副詞通常不能和系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)改為形容詞close，本句how close the houses are中的close本應(yīng)該是在系動(dòng)詞are的后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)are close。

　　3．(2024·廣東，23改編)But such a small thing couldn’t possible destroy a village.

　　答案：possible改為possibly　修飾動(dòng)詞destroy，用副詞形式。

　　4．(2024·湖北，26改編)“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，”Father suggested tentative to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

　　答案：tentative改為tentatively　修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞suggested，用副詞形式。

　　5．(2024·湖南，24改編)Bicycling is good exercise；beside, it does not pollute the air.

　　答案：beside改為besides　句意為：騎單車是一項(xiàng)非常好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且，還不會(huì)污染空氣。這里表示的是“另外，而且”表示進(jìn)一步從另外一個(gè)角度闡明該問(wèn)題，應(yīng)用副詞besides。beside是介詞，意為“在……旁邊”。

　　6．(2024·寧夏銀川一中月考)Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.

　　答案：interested改為interesting　表示“(事物本身)有趣的”，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞。句意為：因此，我給他們講有趣的故事，告訴(他們)我有多么喜歡巴西。

　　7．The doctor said there was nothing seriously with her.

　　答案：seriously改為serious　修飾不定代詞nothing，用于說(shuō)明其性質(zhì)和程度，應(yīng)該用形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　8．I write to my mother every week, most on Sundays.

　　答案：most改為mostly　副詞mostly表示“大部分地；主要地”，此處作“大多數(shù)”講，故將most改為mostly。most作副詞時(shí)，意為“最”。

　　9．Zaire is the second large producer of diamonds.

　　答案：large改為largest　根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示最高級(jí)意義，largest前加序數(shù)詞表示“第幾大……”。

　　10．After making a carefully examination, the doctor said, “You are in a very good state of health for a woman of your age.

　　答案：carefully改為careful　examination是名詞，要用形容詞來(lái)修飾。

　　11．The dog may be a good companion for the old. Therefore, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

　　答案：Therefore改為However　句意為：狗或許是老年人的好朋友，然而帶著它散步可能不方便。disadvantage是關(guān)鍵詞，由此可知前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。

　　12．Hearing the news that he failed in the exam, he felt very sadly.

　　答案：sadly改為sad　此處felt為系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用sad。

　　13．He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.

　　答案：comfortable改為comfortably　修飾動(dòng)詞live，應(yīng)用副詞comfortably。

　　14．When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famous writer of his day.

　　答案：late改為later　late作形容詞或副詞，意為“遲，晚”；later作副詞，意為“后來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　15．This is a most beautiful park. I have never seen a best one before.

　　答案：best改為better　此處用比較級(jí)better，放在否定句中表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。