2024屆高考英語一輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)課件:6 情態(tài)動詞(新人教版)
走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專題六 情態(tài)動詞 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析
情態(tài)動詞在最近幾年的高考語法填空中還沒有直接考查過,但這并不意味著今后也不會考。另外,熟練掌握情態(tài)動詞的用法,對準(zhǔn)確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態(tài)動詞的句子是很有益處的,并且在寫作中也可能會用到情態(tài)動詞。因此,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動詞,尤其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動詞的用法。 知 識 清 單 一、9大情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can/could 表示能力 He can play table tennis quite well. 表示理論上的可能性,“有時候會;可能會” Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes. 表示請求和允許 表示請求,口語中常用could代替can ①You can have my seat.I'm going now. ②Could you give me a band? 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 may/might 表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉 ①You may use my dictionary. ②Might I have a look at your new computer? must 表示“必須” We must study hard and make progress every day. 表示“偏要;硬要” If you must smoke,please go out. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 shall 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見 Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅;此外,當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall ①You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. ②He shall go first,whether he wants or not. ③This law shall come into effect on May lst. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 should 表示勸告和建議,作“應(yīng)該”講 You should learn from each other. 表示驚訝、意外等情緒,意為“竟然” I can't bear that he should speak ill of me. 用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能 If anyone should come,say I'm not at home. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 will/would 用于表示意志或意愿 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. 表示“請求;建議”。would比will委婉、客氣些 Would you like some more coffee? 表示習(xí)慣:will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣,意為“總是;習(xí)慣于”。表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作用would ①She will sit for hours reading in the afternoon. ②When he was young,he would listen to music alone in his room. 表示事物的某種性質(zhì)和傾向 Wood will float on the water. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 need 表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中 —Need we take the test? —NO,we needn't. dare 表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習(xí)慣說法,意為“我想,大概” How dare you talk like that? ought to 表示義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”,語氣比should強,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應(yīng)是;應(yīng)該” ①Everyone ought to obey the traffic rules. ②He ought to be home by now. 二、3組易混情態(tài)動詞用法比較 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can(could)/ bc able to can/could can有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could),表示一般能力 I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice be able to 有更多的形式,was/were able to表示通過努力、克服困難做成某事 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 must/ have to must 側(cè)重表示說話人的主觀看法;只有一種形式 We must rely on ourselves. have to 表示客觀需要,有不同的形式 I have to give it up because of my illness. would/ used to would 表示過去習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性的動作,沒有與現(xiàn)在對比的含義,不可用于無人稱句或存在句 Last year,our English teacher would sometimes tell stories after class. used to 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。強調(diào)今昔對比,可用于無人稱句或存在句 He told us he used to play football when he was young. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 考點警示 (1)can的一些常用固定搭配 cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好” cannot/can never...enough/too再……也不為過 (2)may的一些常用固定搭配 may well+動詞原形意為“完全能,很可能”,may as well+動詞原形意為“最好.滿可以,倒不如” (3)mustn't表示“禁止”“不許做某事” 回答用need提問的問句時與回答用must提問的問句時一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn't或don't have to ①I cannot choose but go. ②You cannot be careful enough. ③Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. ④You may as well do it at once. 三、5大表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法比較 情態(tài)動詞 適用句式 適用時態(tài) 意義 典句例示
must 肯定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 一定、肯定 ①You must be hungry after the long walk. ②He must be sleeping in the dormitory. can(could) 疑問句,否定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 可能,能夠 ①She can't be reading in the reading room now. ②Can/Could this be an excuse for that? 情態(tài)動詞 適用句式 適用時態(tài) 意義 典句例示 may/ (might) 肯定句,否定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 也許,可能 ①He may not be happy. ②He may be playing basketball on the playground. should (ought to) 肯定句 一般式 確定或期待 “應(yīng)該” ①He should be around sixty years old.(確定) ②It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should he here at the moment.(期待) will (would) 肯定句、否定句、
疑問句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 大概 ①He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago. ②It would be about ten when he left home. 四、“情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 對過去的推測 must have done 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測,意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事” 肯定 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. can/could have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定 否定、疑問 He cannot have forgotten it. may/might have done 表示對過去已發(fā)生的行為的推測,意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)(沒有)……” 肯定、否定 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾 could have done 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性,意為“未來可以……” 肯定 The accident could have been avoided. should/ ought to have done 表示本該做某事而實際上未做 肯定、否定 You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾 needn'd have done 表示做了本來不必做的事 否定 I actually needn't have bought so much wine-only three people came. had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事” 肯定、否定 You had better have started earlier. would rather have done 表示“當(dāng)時寧愿做了某事” 肯定、否定 I would rather have taken his advice. 考 點 警 示 1.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語,必須與其它動詞一起作謂語。 另外,(1)后面接動詞原形。(2)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。(3)變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要加助動詞,而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?,在情態(tài)動詞后加not,構(gòu)成否定句。 2.掌握一些有關(guān)情態(tài)動詞的常用句型,如: cannot...too“無論……也不過分”。 You cannot be too careful while driving. 開車時你越小心越好。 cannot wait to do“迫不及待地做” He couldn't wait to see the film. 他非??释催@部電影。 cannot(help) but do“不得不做,只好做” She couldn't but agree to my idea. 她只好同意我的想法。 cannot help it“沒有辦法” cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁地做某事” may well“有充分的理由可以” You may well be proud of him. 你有足夠的理由為他驕傲。 may/might as well“最好;不妨”。 3.個別情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法。 (1)must可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,意思是“必需的東西”,如: Comfortable shoes are a must when going hiking. (2)行為動詞need,dare有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式及復(fù)合賓語。如: The question needs to be discussed =The question needs discussing. 走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復(fù)習(xí)
走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專題六 情態(tài)動詞 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析
情態(tài)動詞在最近幾年的高考語法填空中還沒有直接考查過,但這并不意味著今后也不會考。另外,熟練掌握情態(tài)動詞的用法,對準(zhǔn)確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態(tài)動詞的句子是很有益處的,并且在寫作中也可能會用到情態(tài)動詞。因此,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動詞,尤其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動詞的用法。 知 識 清 單 一、9大情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can/could 表示能力 He can play table tennis quite well. 表示理論上的可能性,“有時候會;可能會” Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes. 表示請求和允許 表示請求,口語中常用could代替can ①You can have my seat.I'm going now. ②Could you give me a band? 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 may/might 表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉 ①You may use my dictionary. ②Might I have a look at your new computer? must 表示“必須” We must study hard and make progress every day. 表示“偏要;硬要” If you must smoke,please go out. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 shall 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見 Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅;此外,當(dāng)頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall ①You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. ②He shall go first,whether he wants or not. ③This law shall come into effect on May lst. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 should 表示勸告和建議,作“應(yīng)該”講 You should learn from each other. 表示驚訝、意外等情緒,意為“竟然” I can't bear that he should speak ill of me. 用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能 If anyone should come,say I'm not at home. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 will/would 用于表示意志或意愿 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. 表示“請求;建議”。would比will委婉、客氣些 Would you like some more coffee? 表示習(xí)慣:will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣,意為“總是;習(xí)慣于”。表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作用would ①She will sit for hours reading in the afternoon. ②When he was young,he would listen to music alone in his room. 表示事物的某種性質(zhì)和傾向 Wood will float on the water. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 need 表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中 —Need we take the test? —NO,we needn't. dare 表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習(xí)慣說法,意為“我想,大概” How dare you talk like that? ought to 表示義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”,語氣比should強,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應(yīng)是;應(yīng)該” ①Everyone ought to obey the traffic rules. ②He ought to be home by now. 二、3組易混情態(tài)動詞用法比較 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 can(could)/ bc able to can/could can有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could),表示一般能力 I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice be able to 有更多的形式,was/were able to表示通過努力、克服困難做成某事 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 must/ have to must 側(cè)重表示說話人的主觀看法;只有一種形式 We must rely on ourselves. have to 表示客觀需要,有不同的形式 I have to give it up because of my illness. would/ used to would 表示過去習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性的動作,沒有與現(xiàn)在對比的含義,不可用于無人稱句或存在句 Last year,our English teacher would sometimes tell stories after class. used to 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。強調(diào)今昔對比,可用于無人稱句或存在句 He told us he used to play football when he was young. 情態(tài)動詞 主要用法 典句例示 考點警示 (1)can的一些常用固定搭配 cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好” cannot/can never...enough/too再……也不為過 (2)may的一些常用固定搭配 may well+動詞原形意為“完全能,很可能”,may as well+動詞原形意為“最好.滿可以,倒不如” (3)mustn't表示“禁止”“不許做某事” 回答用need提問的問句時與回答用must提問的問句時一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn't或don't have to ①I cannot choose but go. ②You cannot be careful enough. ③Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. ④You may as well do it at once. 三、5大表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法比較 情態(tài)動詞 適用句式 適用時態(tài) 意義 典句例示
must 肯定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 一定、肯定 ①You must be hungry after the long walk. ②He must be sleeping in the dormitory. can(could) 疑問句,否定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 可能,能夠 ①She can't be reading in the reading room now. ②Can/Could this be an excuse for that? 情態(tài)動詞 適用句式 適用時態(tài) 意義 典句例示 may/ (might) 肯定句,否定句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 也許,可能 ①He may not be happy. ②He may be playing basketball on the playground. should (ought to) 肯定句 一般式 確定或期待 “應(yīng)該” ①He should be around sixty years old.(確定) ②It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should he here at the moment.(期待) will (would) 肯定句、否定句、
疑問句 一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式 大概 ①He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago. ②It would be about ten when he left home. 四、“情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 對過去的推測 must have done 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測,意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事” 肯定 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. can/could have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定 否定、疑問 He cannot have forgotten it. may/might have done 表示對過去已發(fā)生的行為的推測,意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)(沒有)……” 肯定、否定 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾 could have done 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性,意為“未來可以……” 肯定 The accident could have been avoided. should/ ought to have done 表示本該做某事而實際上未做 肯定、否定 You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 類型 構(gòu)成 用法 句式 典句例示 表示后悔、責(zé)備或遺憾 needn'd have done 表示做了本來不必做的事 否定 I actually needn't have bought so much wine-only three people came. had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事” 肯定、否定 You had better have started earlier. would rather have done 表示“當(dāng)時寧愿做了某事” 肯定、否定 I would rather have taken his advice. 考 點 警 示 1.情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語,必須與其它動詞一起作謂語。 另外,(1)后面接動詞原形。(2)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。(3)變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要加助動詞,而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?,在情態(tài)動詞后加not,構(gòu)成否定句。 2.掌握一些有關(guān)情態(tài)動詞的常用句型,如: cannot...too“無論……也不過分”。 You cannot be too careful while driving. 開車時你越小心越好。 cannot wait to do“迫不及待地做” He couldn't wait to see the film. 他非??释催@部電影。 cannot(help) but do“不得不做,只好做” She couldn't but agree to my idea. 她只好同意我的想法。 cannot help it“沒有辦法” cannot help doing sth.“情不自禁地做某事” may well“有充分的理由可以” You may well be proud of him. 你有足夠的理由為他驕傲。 may/might as well“最好;不妨”。 3.個別情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法。 (1)must可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,意思是“必需的東西”,如: Comfortable shoes are a must when going hiking. (2)行為動詞need,dare有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式及復(fù)合賓語。如: The question needs to be discussed =The question needs discussing. 走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語
第二部分
語法專題復(fù)習(xí)