5．As is estimated, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(成千上萬的人) lost their lives and homes owing to the strong earthquake. 6．是我的姐姐最后作出決定步行整個中國。(強調(diào)句型) ________ ________ my sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to walk across the whole China. 7．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (大量的農(nóng)民) flow into the big cities, leaving the farmland deserted in the countryside. 8．只有你現(xiàn)在好好利用時間來學(xué)習(xí)，將來才能成功。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to study at present will you be successful in the future. 9．無論習(xí)主席走到哪里，他都受到熱烈地歡迎。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， he will receive warm welcome. 10．在我看來，不管我提出什么建議，他都不重視。 From my point of ________， whatever suggestions I ________ ________， he ________ ________ ________ ________.

　　答案：1.congratulations on his success　2.is proud of　3.It is reported that　4.as if/though; at an end　5.tens of thousands of people　6.It was; who/that made up her mind finally　7.A large number of farmers　8.Only by making good use of your time　9.No matter where(＝Wherever) Chairman Xi goes　10.view; put forward; thought little of them 6．Two-thirds of the people died or was injured during the Wenchuan earthquake.__________________ 7．But the one million people of the city, they thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.__________________ 8．Believe it or not, Lily's sister burst into crying when we were eating.__________________ 9．The two ladies are of the same age, but it looks as if one were ten years older than other.__________________ 10．After visiting China, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent in China.__________________

　　答案：1.ruin→ruins　2.nobody后加上was　3.去掉from　4.去掉was　5.去掉that　6.was→were　7.they→who　8.into→out或crying→tears　9.than后加上the　10.when→that/which或去掉when

　　3．地震后，全國人民立刻行動起來幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝硕蛇^難關(guān)。(right away, disaster) 4．我真心地希望魯?shù)樵谌珖嗣竦膸椭卤M快恢復(fù)正常。(with the aid of, return to normal) 答案： On August 3rd, 2024, a powerful earthquake struck Ludian in Yunnan Province. The whole nation was shocked at the news. What frightening scenes! The whole town lay in ruins. A great number of houses fell. Huge cracks cut across houses, roads and canals. Mountains collapsed. Roads were buried by stones and bricks. Water and electricity were cut off. Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins! In a word, everywhere I looked, nearly everything was destroyed.

　　But fortunately, after the earthquake, all the people, including farmers, workers and volunteers, took action right away. Everyone did their bit to help them out of the disaster. I sincerely hope Ludian will return to normal with the aid of all the people as soon as possible!

　　③He suffered serious ________(injure) to the arms and shoulders. ④The ________(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins. 答案：①injured his hands and knees　②injured　③injuries ④injured

　　3．rescue n. 營救，救援；救援行動　vt. 營救；救援 歸納拓展 (1)rescue ... from ... 從……中搶救或營救……

　　(2)rescue work/workers 救援工作/救援人員 go/come to one's rescue 援救或幫助某人

　　4．judge n. 裁判員；法官　vt. 斷定；判決；判斷 歸納拓展 (1)judge sb./sth. by/from 以……判斷 judging from/by 從……判斷 (常作插入語使用) judge sb./sth. (to be) good/bad/fair, etc. 認定某人(某事)好/壞/公平等 as far as sb. can judge 據(jù)某人判斷

　　(2)judgment n．判斷 溫馨提示：judging from/by...置于句首作狀語。v.-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generally speaking一般來說；frankly speaking坦白地說；considering...考慮到……。

　　③________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I'm afraid you are quite wrong. 據(jù)我判斷，你完全錯了。 答案：①Judging from/by his accent　②don't/never judge a book by its cover　③As far as I can judge 5．ruin n. & vt. 毀滅，破壞 歸納拓展 (1)in ruins 嚴(yán)重破壞；破敗不堪 fall into ruins 成為廢墟 bring sth./sb. to ruin 使毀滅；使落空；使某人破產(chǎn) bring ruin to oneself 自取滅亡 (2)ruin one's health/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽 6．bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入 歸納拓展 (1)be buried in 埋頭于；專心于 be buried/lost in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study埋頭研究；專心學(xué)習(xí) bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面 答案：(1)①was buried　②bury his feelings (2)a.As he buried himself in b．As he was buried in

　　c．Buried in 7．shelter n．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇護；棲身地　vi.躲避　vt.提供庇護所 歸納拓展 take shelter from躲避…… under the shelter of在……的庇護下；受……的保護 a bus shelter公共汽車亭 give sb. shelter庇護某人 shelter sb./sth. from...庇護某人/某物免受…… 1.think little of 輕視；不重視 歸納拓展 (1)think highly/well/much of ... 對……評價高/印象好 think nothing of ... 覺得……不怎么樣，沒什么了不起 think badly/poorly/ill of ... 對……評價低 (2)speak highly/well of...高度贊揚…… speak ill of...說……的壞話 sing high praise for...高度贊揚…… 2．a(chǎn)t an end 終了；結(jié)束 歸納拓展 bring ... to an end 使……終止 come to an end 結(jié)束 put an end to 使終止 end up (with) 以……結(jié)束/告終

　　make both ends meet 量入為出 at the end of 在……末端，在……結(jié)束時 by the end of 到……末為止 since the end of 自從……末以來 in the end 最后，最終 There is no end to ... ……沒有止境/盡頭 [溫馨提示]at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接時間名詞，也可接地點名詞；by the end of后面接表示時間的名詞，謂語要與完成時連用：by the end of＋過去時間，謂語用過去完成時；by the end of＋將來時間，謂語用將來完成時。 3．a(chǎn) great number of 許多；大量 歸納拓展 修飾可數(shù)名詞的短語： a large/great number of a good/great many 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語： a large amount of a good/great deal of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的短語： a lot of/lots of a quantity of/quantities of plenty of [溫馨提示](1)“a large number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，“the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)； (2)“l(fā)arge quantities/amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　(2)單句語法填空。 The number of people invited to the party ________ (be) 100, but a number of them ________(be) absent for different reasons. 答案：(1)①A large number of　②the number of car accidents　③are being washed away　(2)is/was; are/were 1.In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至是豬都緊張得不想進食。 too＋adj./adv.＋(for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)太……不能……

　　歸納拓展 以下三種情況下，該結(jié)構(gòu)表達肯定意義： (1)當(dāng)形容詞是表心情的ready, glad, happy, eager, anxious, willing等時。 (2)與never, can not連用時，意為“非常，怎么做也不過分”。 (3)在too前有far, much, only, but修飾時，表肯定意義，且?guī)в幸欢ǖ母星樯省?2．It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界好像到了末日。 It seems/looks as if ... 似乎/好像…… as if引導(dǎo)表語從句。 歸納拓展 as if引導(dǎo)的從句，若表示與事實相反，從句要用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時。如果表示客觀事實，不用虛擬語氣。 as if to do ... 好像要做……

　　as if doing ... 好像正在做……

　　3．All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 該句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。 [溫馨提示](1)當(dāng)not與all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意義的不定代詞或形容詞連用時，無論not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意為“并非都”。 (2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。 ③________ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀長城。 (2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 All my friends do not study well. →________________________(變?yōu)橥x句) →________________________(變?yōu)橥耆穸ň? 答案：(1)①Not all the students　②Not every boy　③Nothing (2)Not all of my friends study well；None of my friends study well 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 Unit 4　Earthquakes 必修一 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 考點探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 3 課時規(guī)范訓(xùn)練 4 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ n．& vt. 援救；營救 2．________ vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅 3．________ n．標(biāo)題；頭銜；資格 4．________ n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處 5．________ vt. 使陷入困境　n. 陷阱；困境 6．________ n. 廢墟；毀滅　vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn) 7．________ vi.爆裂；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) 8．________ n. 要點；大綱；輪廓　vt.概述；略述 rescue

　　destroy title shelter trap ruin burst outline 9．________ n. 記者→________ n．& vt.報告；報導(dǎo) 10．________ adj.極度的→________ adv. 極其；非常 11．______ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏→______ n．埋葬；葬禮 12．______________ n．祝賀；賀詞→_____________ vt. 祝賀；恭喜；慶賀 13．________ n．污垢；泥土→________ adj.臟的；下流的；卑鄙的 14．________ adv. 真誠地；真摯地→________ adj.真誠的；誠摯的 reporter report extreme extremely bury burial congratulation congratulate dirt dirty sincerely sincere 15．________ n．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍→________ adj. 災(zāi)難性的；損失慘重的 16．________ n．裁判員；法官　vt.斷定；判斷→________ n．判斷；判斷力 17．________ vt.損害；傷害→________ adj.受傷的；受損害的→________ n．傷害；受傷；損害 18．________ vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→__________ adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→___________ adj.令人恐懼的 disaster disastrous judge judgment injure injured injury frighten frightened frightening

　　19．________ n．民族；國家；國民→________ adj.國家的；民族的→__________ n. 國籍；民族 20．________ v．(使)震驚；震動　n. 休克；打擊；震驚→________ adj.震驚的→________ adj.令人震驚的 nation national nationality shock shocked shocking B．歸類巧記 1．“自然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)單詞一覽 ①disaster n． 災(zāi)難；不幸 ②earthquake n.

　　地震 ③drought n.

　　旱災(zāi)；干旱 ④eruption n.

　　(火山)噴發(fā) ⑤hurricane n.

　　颶風(fēng) ⑥tsunami n.

　　海嘯 2．“破壞”家庭 ①damage n．& vt.

　　損失；損害 ②destroy vt.

　　毀壞；毀掉 ③ruin n．& vt.

　　毀滅；廢墟 3．“-less”后綴的形容詞歸納 ①useless

　　無用的 ②helpless

　　無助的 ③homeless

　　無家可歸的 ④harmless

　　無害的 ⑤jobless

　　失業(yè)的 ⑥endless

　　無盡的 Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．結(jié)束；終結(jié) ________ 2．刮走；吹走 ________ 3．代替…… ________ 4．掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) ________ 5．許多；大量 ________ 6．倒塌 ________ 7．立刻；馬上 ________ 8．毀壞；成為廢墟 ________ 9．陷入……/陷在……下面 ________ at an end blow away instead of... dig out a great number of fall down right away(＝at once/in no time/immediately) in ruins be trapped in 10．帶來；引進 ________ 11．以……而自豪 ________ 12．因為/作為……出名

　　________ 13．像往常一樣 ________ 14．好像 ________ 15．突然大笑/大哭

　　________ bring in take pride in

　　be known for/as(＝be famous/noted for/as) as usual as if

　　burst into laughter/tears或burst out laughing/crying 16．祝賀/恭喜…… ________ 17．輕視；不重視 ________

　　18．睡醒；醒來 ________ 19．因為……感到自豪 ________ 20．……之后不久 ________ congratulations on sth.(注意與on搭配) think little of(表“重視”的短語有think highly of/pay much attention to/attach great importance to等) wake up be proud of... not long after...(＝soon/shortly after ...) Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．But the one million people of the city, ________ thought little of these events, were asleep ________ ________ that night. 但是唐山市的100萬居民幾乎沒有把這些情況當(dāng)回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。 2．Everywhere they looked nearly everything ________(destroy)． 人們無論朝哪里看，一切都幾乎被毀壞了。 3．People began to wonder how long the disaster ________(last)． 人們開始納悶兒，這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。 4．It seemed as if the world was ________ ________ ________. 似乎世界末日來臨了。 5．________ hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 6．I asked a man ________(stand)next to me ________ ________. 我問站在我旁邊的一個人出了什么事。 答案：1.who; as usual　2.was destroyed　3.would last　4.at an end　5.All　6.standing; what happened Ⅳ.語法過關(guān) 定語從句(Ⅰ) 1．(2024·湖南改編)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案：who　句意：快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。分析句子成分可知，“________ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，故用who引導(dǎo)。 2．Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone ________ functions are more practical. 答案：whose　考查定語從句。先行詞a smart mobile phone與從句中functions構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 3．“God，please don't let anything happen today ________ I can't handle. ”This was my daily prayer during my first year of teaching. 答案：that　考查定語從句。句意：上帝，今天請不要發(fā)生任何我無法處理的事情，這是我第一年教學(xué)時每天要祈禱的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，且先行詞為不定代詞anything。故用that不用which。

　　4．—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes. 答案：who/that　根據(jù)句法，這是個分隔式定語從句，從句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主語，先行詞“All the storytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。

　　5．The Great Wall is the place ________ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 答案：which/that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________almost all tourists would like to visit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞the place，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語，故填which或that。 Ⅴ.語篇填空 But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything ①________ (destroy). All of the city's hospitals, 75% of ②________ factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow ③________ away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now ④________(use) pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.

　　Sand now filled ⑤________ wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, ⑥________(late) that afternoon, ⑦________ big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped ⑧________ the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard ⑨________(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster ⑩________(last)． 答案：①was destroyed　②its　③them　④useless　⑤the ⑥later　⑦another　⑧under　⑨t(yī)o get　⑩would last 考點探究演練 1.burst v. 爆裂；突發(fā) 歸納拓展 burst in 闖進來；突然插嘴 burst into 突然爆發(fā)；闖入 burst out/forth doing sth. 突然開始做某事 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放聲大笑 burst into tears＝burst out crying 放聲大哭 burst out 冒出 a burst of laughter/anger 一陣大笑/大怒 [巧學(xué)助記] ③My English teacher's humor was such as to make every student ________ ________ ________. 我的英語老師的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每個同學(xué)都哈哈大笑起來。 (2)用burst的相關(guān)詞語完成下列小片段。 隨著一陣笑聲，王熙鳳一陣風(fēng)似地走進了房間。她的一席諂媚的話說得賈母樂不可支。 With ①________ ________________ laughter, Wang Xifeng ②________________ the room, whose flattering(諂媚的) words made Mrs. Jia ③________________ ________.

　　答案：(1)①suddenly burst　②burst out screaming　③burst into laughter/burst out laughing (2)①a burst of　②burst into　③burst with joy 2．injure vt. 傷害；使受傷；損害 歸納拓展 (1)injure sb. 傷害某人 injure sb.'s leg/arm/eye 傷害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛 injure sb.'s reputation/figure/feelings, etc. 損害某人的名譽/形象/傷害某人的感情等 be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/輕傷 (2)the injured 傷員 injury to 對……的傷害 辨析　injure/wound/hurt/harm 詞匯 含義 injure 多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對名譽、地位的損害 wound 指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷 hurt 多指精神上受到傷害，也可指身體上的疼痛 harm 指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車挛锏奈：ΑＲ鉃椤皞Γ瑩p害，有害于”。常用短語do harm to “對……有害”

　　5．As is estimated, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(成千上萬的人) lost their lives and homes owing to the strong earthquake. 6．是我的姐姐最后作出決定步行整個中國。(強調(diào)句型) ________ ________ my sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to walk across the whole China. 7．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (大量的農(nóng)民) flow into the big cities, leaving the farmland deserted in the countryside. 8．只有你現(xiàn)在好好利用時間來學(xué)習(xí)，將來才能成功。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to study at present will you be successful in the future. 9．無論習(xí)主席走到哪里，他都受到熱烈地歡迎。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， he will receive warm welcome. 10．在我看來，不管我提出什么建議，他都不重視。 From my point of ________， whatever suggestions I ________ ________， he ________ ________ ________ ________.

　　答案：1.congratulations on his success　2.is proud of　3.It is reported that　4.as if/though; at an end　5.tens of thousands of people　6.It was; who/that made up her mind finally　7.A large number of farmers　8.Only by making good use of your time　9.No matter where(＝Wherever) Chairman Xi goes　10.view; put forward; thought little of them 6．Two-thirds of the people died or was injured during the Wenchuan earthquake.__________________ 7．But the one million people of the city, they thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.__________________ 8．Believe it or not, Lily's sister burst into crying when we were eating.__________________ 9．The two ladies are of the same age, but it looks as if one were ten years older than other.__________________ 10．After visiting China, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent in China.__________________

　　答案：1.ruin→ruins　2.nobody后加上was　3.去掉from　4.去掉was　5.去掉that　6.was→were　7.they→who　8.into→out或crying→tears　9.than后加上the　10.when→that/which或去掉when

　　3．地震后，全國人民立刻行動起來幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝硕蛇^難關(guān)。(right away, disaster) 4．我真心地希望魯?shù)樵谌珖嗣竦膸椭卤M快恢復(fù)正常。(with the aid of, return to normal) 答案： On August 3rd, 2024, a powerful earthquake struck Ludian in Yunnan Province. The whole nation was shocked at the news. What frightening scenes! The whole town lay in ruins. A great number of houses fell. Huge cracks cut across houses, roads and canals. Mountains collapsed. Roads were buried by stones and bricks. Water and electricity were cut off. Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins! In a word, everywhere I looked, nearly everything was destroyed.

　　But fortunately, after the earthquake, all the people, including farmers, workers and volunteers, took action right away. Everyone did their bit to help them out of the disaster. I sincerely hope Ludian will return to normal with the aid of all the people as soon as possible!

　　③He suffered serious ________(injure) to the arms and shoulders. ④The ________(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins. 答案：①injured his hands and knees　②injured　③injuries ④injured

　　3．rescue n. 營救，救援；救援行動　vt. 營救；救援 歸納拓展 (1)rescue ... from ... 從……中搶救或營救……

　　(2)rescue work/workers 救援工作/救援人員 go/come to one's rescue 援救或幫助某人

　　4．judge n. 裁判員；法官　vt. 斷定；判決；判斷 歸納拓展 (1)judge sb./sth. by/from 以……判斷 judging from/by 從……判斷 (常作插入語使用) judge sb./sth. (to be) good/bad/fair, etc. 認定某人(某事)好/壞/公平等 as far as sb. can judge 據(jù)某人判斷

　　(2)judgment n．判斷 溫馨提示：judging from/by...置于句首作狀語。v.-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generally speaking一般來說；frankly speaking坦白地說；considering...考慮到……。

　　③________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I'm afraid you are quite wrong. 據(jù)我判斷，你完全錯了。 答案：①Judging from/by his accent　②don't/never judge a book by its cover　③As far as I can judge 5．ruin n. & vt. 毀滅，破壞 歸納拓展 (1)in ruins 嚴(yán)重破壞；破敗不堪 fall into ruins 成為廢墟 bring sth./sb. to ruin 使毀滅；使落空；使某人破產(chǎn) bring ruin to oneself 自取滅亡 (2)ruin one's health/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽 6．bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入 歸納拓展 (1)be buried in 埋頭于；專心于 be buried/lost in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study埋頭研究；專心學(xué)習(xí) bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面 答案：(1)①was buried　②bury his feelings (2)a.As he buried himself in b．As he was buried in

　　c．Buried in 7．shelter n．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇護；棲身地　vi.躲避　vt.提供庇護所 歸納拓展 take shelter from躲避…… under the shelter of在……的庇護下；受……的保護 a bus shelter公共汽車亭 give sb. shelter庇護某人 shelter sb./sth. from...庇護某人/某物免受…… 1.think little of 輕視；不重視 歸納拓展 (1)think highly/well/much of ... 對……評價高/印象好 think nothing of ... 覺得……不怎么樣，沒什么了不起 think badly/poorly/ill of ... 對……評價低 (2)speak highly/well of...高度贊揚…… speak ill of...說……的壞話 sing high praise for...高度贊揚…… 2．a(chǎn)t an end 終了；結(jié)束 歸納拓展 bring ... to an end 使……終止 come to an end 結(jié)束 put an end to 使終止 end up (with) 以……結(jié)束/告終

　　make both ends meet 量入為出 at the end of 在……末端，在……結(jié)束時 by the end of 到……末為止 since the end of 自從……末以來 in the end 最后，最終 There is no end to ... ……沒有止境/盡頭 [溫馨提示]at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接時間名詞，也可接地點名詞；by the end of后面接表示時間的名詞，謂語要與完成時連用：by the end of＋過去時間，謂語用過去完成時；by the end of＋將來時間，謂語用將來完成時。 3．a(chǎn) great number of 許多；大量 歸納拓展 修飾可數(shù)名詞的短語： a large/great number of a good/great many 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語： a large amount of a good/great deal of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的短語： a lot of/lots of a quantity of/quantities of plenty of [溫馨提示](1)“a large number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，“the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)； (2)“l(fā)arge quantities/amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　(2)單句語法填空。 The number of people invited to the party ________ (be) 100, but a number of them ________(be) absent for different reasons. 答案：(1)①A large number of　②the number of car accidents　③are being washed away　(2)is/was; are/were 1.In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至是豬都緊張得不想進食。 too＋adj./adv.＋(for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)太……不能……

　　歸納拓展 以下三種情況下，該結(jié)構(gòu)表達肯定意義： (1)當(dāng)形容詞是表心情的ready, glad, happy, eager, anxious, willing等時。 (2)與never, can not連用時，意為“非常，怎么做也不過分”。 (3)在too前有far, much, only, but修飾時，表肯定意義，且?guī)в幸欢ǖ母星樯省?2．It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界好像到了末日。 It seems/looks as if ... 似乎/好像…… as if引導(dǎo)表語從句。 歸納拓展 as if引導(dǎo)的從句，若表示與事實相反，從句要用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時。如果表示客觀事實，不用虛擬語氣。 as if to do ... 好像要做……

　　as if doing ... 好像正在做……

　　3．All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 該句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。 [溫馨提示](1)當(dāng)not與all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意義的不定代詞或形容詞連用時，無論not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意為“并非都”。 (2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。 ③________ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀長城。 (2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 All my friends do not study well. →________________________(變?yōu)橥x句) →________________________(變?yōu)橥耆穸ň? 答案：(1)①Not all the students　②Not every boy　③Nothing (2)Not all of my friends study well；None of my friends study well 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 Unit 4　Earthquakes 必修一 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 考點探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固 3 課時規(guī)范訓(xùn)練 4 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識記 1．________ n．& vt. 援救；營救 2．________ vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅 3．________ n．標(biāo)題；頭銜；資格 4．________ n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處 5．________ vt. 使陷入困境　n. 陷阱；困境 6．________ n. 廢墟；毀滅　vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn) 7．________ vi.爆裂；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) 8．________ n. 要點；大綱；輪廓　vt.概述；略述 rescue

　　destroy title shelter trap ruin burst outline 9．________ n. 記者→________ n．& vt.報告；報導(dǎo) 10．________ adj.極度的→________ adv. 極其；非常 11．______ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏→______ n．埋葬；葬禮 12．______________ n．祝賀；賀詞→_____________ vt. 祝賀；恭喜；慶賀 13．________ n．污垢；泥土→________ adj.臟的；下流的；卑鄙的 14．________ adv. 真誠地；真摯地→________ adj.真誠的；誠摯的 reporter report extreme extremely bury burial congratulation congratulate dirt dirty sincerely sincere 15．________ n．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍→________ adj. 災(zāi)難性的；損失慘重的 16．________ n．裁判員；法官　vt.斷定；判斷→________ n．判斷；判斷力 17．________ vt.損害；傷害→________ adj.受傷的；受損害的→________ n．傷害；受傷；損害 18．________ vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→__________ adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→___________ adj.令人恐懼的 disaster disastrous judge judgment injure injured injury frighten frightened frightening

　　19．________ n．民族；國家；國民→________ adj.國家的；民族的→__________ n. 國籍；民族 20．________ v．(使)震驚；震動　n. 休克；打擊；震驚→________ adj.震驚的→________ adj.令人震驚的 nation national nationality shock shocked shocking B．歸類巧記 1．“自然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)單詞一覽 ①disaster n． 災(zāi)難；不幸 ②earthquake n.

　　地震 ③drought n.

　　旱災(zāi)；干旱 ④eruption n.

　　(火山)噴發(fā) ⑤hurricane n.

　　颶風(fēng) ⑥tsunami n.

　　海嘯 2．“破壞”家庭 ①damage n．& vt.

　　損失；損害 ②destroy vt.

　　毀壞；毀掉 ③ruin n．& vt.

　　毀滅；廢墟 3．“-less”后綴的形容詞歸納 ①useless

　　無用的 ②helpless

　　無助的 ③homeless

　　無家可歸的 ④harmless

　　無害的 ⑤jobless

　　失業(yè)的 ⑥endless

　　無盡的 Ⅱ.高頻短語 1．結(jié)束；終結(jié) ________ 2．刮走；吹走 ________ 3．代替…… ________ 4．掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) ________ 5．許多；大量 ________ 6．倒塌 ________ 7．立刻；馬上 ________ 8．毀壞；成為廢墟 ________ 9．陷入……/陷在……下面 ________ at an end blow away instead of... dig out a great number of fall down right away(＝at once/in no time/immediately) in ruins be trapped in 10．帶來；引進 ________ 11．以……而自豪 ________ 12．因為/作為……出名

　　________ 13．像往常一樣 ________ 14．好像 ________ 15．突然大笑/大哭

　　________ bring in take pride in

　　be known for/as(＝be famous/noted for/as) as usual as if

　　burst into laughter/tears或burst out laughing/crying 16．祝賀/恭喜…… ________ 17．輕視；不重視 ________

　　18．睡醒；醒來 ________ 19．因為……感到自豪 ________ 20．……之后不久 ________ congratulations on sth.(注意與on搭配) think little of(表“重視”的短語有think highly of/pay much attention to/attach great importance to等) wake up be proud of... not long after...(＝soon/shortly after ...) Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．But the one million people of the city, ________ thought little of these events, were asleep ________ ________ that night. 但是唐山市的100萬居民幾乎沒有把這些情況當(dāng)回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。 2．Everywhere they looked nearly everything ________(destroy)． 人們無論朝哪里看，一切都幾乎被毀壞了。 3．People began to wonder how long the disaster ________(last)． 人們開始納悶兒，這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。 4．It seemed as if the world was ________ ________ ________. 似乎世界末日來臨了。 5．________ hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 6．I asked a man ________(stand)next to me ________ ________. 我問站在我旁邊的一個人出了什么事。 答案：1.who; as usual　2.was destroyed　3.would last　4.at an end　5.All　6.standing; what happened Ⅳ.語法過關(guān) 定語從句(Ⅰ) 1．(2024·湖南改編)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案：who　句意：快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。分析句子成分可知，“________ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，故用who引導(dǎo)。 2．Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone ________ functions are more practical. 答案：whose　考查定語從句。先行詞a smart mobile phone與從句中functions構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 3．“God，please don't let anything happen today ________ I can't handle. ”This was my daily prayer during my first year of teaching. 答案：that　考查定語從句。句意：上帝，今天請不要發(fā)生任何我無法處理的事情，這是我第一年教學(xué)時每天要祈禱的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，且先行詞為不定代詞anything。故用that不用which。

　　4．—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes. 答案：who/that　根據(jù)句法，這是個分隔式定語從句，從句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主語，先行詞“All the storytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。

　　5．The Great Wall is the place ________ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 答案：which/that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________almost all tourists would like to visit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞the place，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語，故填which或that。 Ⅴ.語篇填空 But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything ①________ (destroy). All of the city's hospitals, 75% of ②________ factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow ③________ away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now ④________(use) pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.

　　Sand now filled ⑤________ wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, ⑥________(late) that afternoon, ⑦________ big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped ⑧________ the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard ⑨________(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster ⑩________(last)． 答案：①was destroyed　②its　③them　④useless　⑤the ⑥later　⑦another　⑧under　⑨t(yī)o get　⑩would last 考點探究演練 1.burst v. 爆裂；突發(fā) 歸納拓展 burst in 闖進來；突然插嘴 burst into 突然爆發(fā)；闖入 burst out/forth doing sth. 突然開始做某事 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放聲大笑 burst into tears＝burst out crying 放聲大哭 burst out 冒出 a burst of laughter/anger 一陣大笑/大怒 [巧學(xué)助記] ③My English teacher's humor was such as to make every student ________ ________ ________. 我的英語老師的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每個同學(xué)都哈哈大笑起來。 (2)用burst的相關(guān)詞語完成下列小片段。 隨著一陣笑聲，王熙鳳一陣風(fēng)似地走進了房間。她的一席諂媚的話說得賈母樂不可支。 With ①________ ________________ laughter, Wang Xifeng ②________________ the room, whose flattering(諂媚的) words made Mrs. Jia ③________________ ________.

　　答案：(1)①suddenly burst　②burst out screaming　③burst into laughter/burst out laughing (2)①a burst of　②burst into　③burst with joy 2．injure vt. 傷害；使受傷；損害 歸納拓展 (1)injure sb. 傷害某人 injure sb.'s leg/arm/eye 傷害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛 injure sb.'s reputation/figure/feelings, etc. 損害某人的名譽/形象/傷害某人的感情等 be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/輕傷 (2)the injured 傷員 injury to 對……的傷害 辨析　injure/wound/hurt/harm 詞匯 含義 injure 多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對名譽、地位的損害 wound 指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷 hurt 多指精神上受到傷害，也可指身體上的疼痛 harm 指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車挛锏奈：ΑＲ鉃椤皞Γ瑩p害，有害于”。常用短語do harm to “對……有害”