2024屆高考英語一輪復習《全優課堂》核心語法項項破課件：專題1 名詞和冠詞（新人教版）
3．Have you got these jeans in _______ larger size? This pair is _______bit too small around my waist. 4．—The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out________ success.Have you seen it?
—It's________ pity I haven't.But I have______ rough idea of what it about. 5．—How nice_______ jacket is! —Thank you.I bought it on_______ Internet. 6．Beijing's bid for______2024 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7．—Have you heard of _____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh.Really? It will be______ shock to the world. 8．Qingdao is _______most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it ________second time. 9．It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky. 【答案】1.a 2.the; a 3.a; a 4.a; a; a 5.the; the 6.the 7.the; a 8.a; a 9.a; the 專題一 名詞和冠詞 一、名詞的數 名詞 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 一般情況下在詞尾后加-s dogs, houses 以輔音字母＋y結尾的名詞，先把-y改成-i，再加-es universities, flies 以元音字母＋y結尾的名詞，在詞尾加-s toys，boys 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 以-s，-sh，-ch及-x結尾的名詞，通常在詞尾加-es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes 以-o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes 部分以-o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-s photos，zoos，pianos 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 以-f或-fe結尾的名詞，通常將-f或-fe改成-v，再加-es thieves，wives, leaves 部分以-f或-fe結尾的名詞的復數形式直接在詞尾加-s roofs, chiefs, beliefs,
proofs 分類 規則 典例 不規 則變化 由man, woman構成的合成名詞，其復數形式也是-men 或-women，但German的復數形式為Germans Englishmen， Englishwomen 分類 規則 典例 不規 則變化 常以復數形式出現的名詞 clothes衣服， glasses眼鏡，trousers褲子， contents目錄， times時代，surroundings環境， manners禮貌，papers文件，試卷，論文 用所給名詞的適當形式填空 1．The two _____________ (boy) are looking for those __________ (toy) in the three ________ (box)． 2．I took several __________ (photo) in the two nearby ________ (zoo)． 3．Two __________ (German) are talking with two ______________(Englishman) about those two ___________(thief) who have stolen many _____________(tomato)． 4．It's bad ____________(manner) to laugh at people in public. 【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes 2.photos; zoos 3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes 4.manners 二、名詞的格 變化規則 常用情況 典例 在名詞末尾加“-'s”構成 表示有生命的東西的所有格 Mary's mother
由介詞of加名詞構成 表示無生命的東西的所有格 the door of my room 變化規則 常用情況 典例 溫馨提示 表示“兩個人共有……”時，需在最后一個名詞后加“-'s”；當表示“兩個人各自有……”時，兩個名詞后都要加“-'s”。 Mary and Tom's father 瑪麗和湯姆的父親 Mary's and Tom's fathers 瑪麗的父親和湯姆的父親 單句改錯 1．To tell the truth, my English is better than Tom. 【答案】Tom→Tom's 2．As far as I'm concerned, the window from your house is too big. 【答案】from→of 翻譯句子 3．我哥哥的數學比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。 【答案】My brother's math is better than his friend's, but worse than my sister's. 4．雙胞胎張華和張麗的父親是一位醫生。 【答案】The twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Li's father is a doctor.
三、詞形變化 在高考語法填空中經常涉及形容詞或動詞與名詞的轉換，應引起考生的重視。在做題時，要特別注意名詞的數。 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make _______ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2024江蘇) 2．Just be ____________ (patience)．I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3．Due to the__________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
4．The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the public's_______(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5．______ (curious) is part of children's nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
6．—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 【答案】1.adjustments 2.patient 3.application 4．awareness 5.Curiosity 6.direction
一、定冠詞 冠詞 用法 典例 基本用法 “the＋單數可數名詞”表示一類事物 The computer is widely used. 特指談話雙方都知道或上文已經提到的人或事物 There was a letter in the box. 用法 典例 基本用法 在姓氏復數形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”，作主語時謂語動詞使用復數形式 The Smiths are leading a happy life. 用于序數詞前表示順序 This is the first time I have gone there. 用法 典例 基本用法 用在方位詞、西洋樂器名詞前 He was playing the violin in the south of the garden. 用于世界上獨一無二的事物前 The earth travels around the sun. 用在世紀、年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數詞(表示某個年代)前 in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法 典例 基本用法 用在某些形容詞或分詞前，表示一類人，其謂語動詞往往用復數 The young should respect the old. 用于“the＋發明物(單數可數名詞)” 中 I don't know who invented the telephone. 用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前 the Science Museum 用法 典例 基本用法 定冠詞用于表示具體計量的結構中，意思是“按……計算，以……計算” You will get paid by the day. 句型 “動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋表示身體某一部位的名詞”中的the不可用物主代詞代替 He caught me by the arm. 用于固定句型“The more…the more…”結構中，表示“越……越……” The earlier, the better. 用法 典例 基本用法 與形容詞比較級連用，表示“兩者之中較……的一個” He is the taller of the two boys. 活用 表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞，但后面如果出現language一詞，前面需加定冠詞the English (＝The English language) is widely used in the world. 根據句意用適當的冠詞填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma by _______ arm and walked her across the street.(2024陜西) 2．_________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.(2024陜西)
3．Then, ________ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing ______piano. 4．In fact, _____________Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5．I think Tom is __________cleverer of the two boys，who is ________first to solve the problem.
6．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in______ thirteenth century. 【答案】1.the 2.The; the 3.the; the 4.the 5.the; the 6．the; the 二、不定冠詞 用法 典例 基本用法 用于單數名詞前表示一類人或事物 A bird can fly. 用于可數名詞或單數名詞前，表示未曾提到過的一人、事、物 There is an apple on the desk. 用來表示不確定的某一個，相當于a certain There's a Mr.White waiting for you. 用于價格、數量、比率等，意為“一，每一” He was walking at 4 miles an hour. 用法 典例 活用 在表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面有修飾語時，可用不定冠詞a/an There was a full moon in the sky. 在表示三餐、月份、季節的名詞前有形容詞修飾或表示特定含義時，可用不定冠詞 After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法 典例 活用 抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可與a/an連用 a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty “a/an＋序數詞”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一” They want to try it a third time. 用法 典例 易錯點津 ①用在以輔音音素(注意：不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如：a university ②用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如an 18-year-old student 根據句意用適當的冠詞填空 1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_________ Beethoven.(2024四川) 2．I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ______ gunman wearing a mask.(2024重慶)
3．Have you got these jeans in _______ larger size? This pair is _______bit too small around my waist. 4．—The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out________ success.Have you seen it?
—It's________ pity I haven't.But I have______ rough idea of what it about. 5．—How nice_______ jacket is! —Thank you.I bought it on_______ Internet. 6．Beijing's bid for______2024 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7．—Have you heard of _____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh.Really? It will be______ shock to the world. 8．Qingdao is _______most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it ________second time. 9．It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky. 【答案】1.a 2.the; a 3.a; a 4.a; a; a 5.the; the 6.the 7.the; a 8.a; a 9.a; the 專題一 名詞和冠詞 一、名詞的數 名詞 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 一般情況下在詞尾后加-s dogs, houses 以輔音字母＋y結尾的名詞，先把-y改成-i，再加-es universities, flies 以元音字母＋y結尾的名詞，在詞尾加-s toys，boys 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 以-s，-sh，-ch及-x結尾的名詞，通常在詞尾加-es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes 以-o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes 部分以-o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-s photos，zoos，pianos 分類 規則 典例 規則變化 以-f或-fe結尾的名詞，通常將-f或-fe改成-v，再加-es thieves，wives, leaves 部分以-f或-fe結尾的名詞的復數形式直接在詞尾加-s roofs, chiefs, beliefs,
proofs 分類 規則 典例 不規 則變化 由man, woman構成的合成名詞，其復數形式也是-men 或-women，但German的復數形式為Germans Englishmen， Englishwomen 分類 規則 典例 不規 則變化 常以復數形式出現的名詞 clothes衣服， glasses眼鏡，trousers褲子， contents目錄， times時代，surroundings環境， manners禮貌，papers文件，試卷，論文 用所給名詞的適當形式填空 1．The two _____________ (boy) are looking for those __________ (toy) in the three ________ (box)． 2．I took several __________ (photo) in the two nearby ________ (zoo)． 3．Two __________ (German) are talking with two ______________(Englishman) about those two ___________(thief) who have stolen many _____________(tomato)． 4．It's bad ____________(manner) to laugh at people in public. 【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes 2.photos; zoos 3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes 4.manners 二、名詞的格 變化規則 常用情況 典例 在名詞末尾加“-'s”構成 表示有生命的東西的所有格 Mary's mother
由介詞of加名詞構成 表示無生命的東西的所有格 the door of my room 變化規則 常用情況 典例 溫馨提示 表示“兩個人共有……”時，需在最后一個名詞后加“-'s”；當表示“兩個人各自有……”時，兩個名詞后都要加“-'s”。 Mary and Tom's father 瑪麗和湯姆的父親 Mary's and Tom's fathers 瑪麗的父親和湯姆的父親 單句改錯 1．To tell the truth, my English is better than Tom. 【答案】Tom→Tom's 2．As far as I'm concerned, the window from your house is too big. 【答案】from→of 翻譯句子 3．我哥哥的數學比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。 【答案】My brother's math is better than his friend's, but worse than my sister's. 4．雙胞胎張華和張麗的父親是一位醫生。 【答案】The twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Li's father is a doctor.
三、詞形變化 在高考語法填空中經常涉及形容詞或動詞與名詞的轉換，應引起考生的重視。在做題時，要特別注意名詞的數。 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make _______ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2024江蘇) 2．Just be ____________ (patience)．I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3．Due to the__________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
4．The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the public's_______(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5．______ (curious) is part of children's nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
6．—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 【答案】1.adjustments 2.patient 3.application 4．awareness 5.Curiosity 6.direction
一、定冠詞 冠詞 用法 典例 基本用法 “the＋單數可數名詞”表示一類事物 The computer is widely used. 特指談話雙方都知道或上文已經提到的人或事物 There was a letter in the box. 用法 典例 基本用法 在姓氏復數形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”，作主語時謂語動詞使用復數形式 The Smiths are leading a happy life. 用于序數詞前表示順序 This is the first time I have gone there. 用法 典例 基本用法 用在方位詞、西洋樂器名詞前 He was playing the violin in the south of the garden. 用于世界上獨一無二的事物前 The earth travels around the sun. 用在世紀、年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數詞(表示某個年代)前 in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法 典例 基本用法 用在某些形容詞或分詞前，表示一類人，其謂語動詞往往用復數 The young should respect the old. 用于“the＋發明物(單數可數名詞)” 中 I don't know who invented the telephone. 用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前 the Science Museum 用法 典例 基本用法 定冠詞用于表示具體計量的結構中，意思是“按……計算，以……計算” You will get paid by the day. 句型 “動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋表示身體某一部位的名詞”中的the不可用物主代詞代替 He caught me by the arm. 用于固定句型“The more…the more…”結構中，表示“越……越……” The earlier, the better. 用法 典例 基本用法 與形容詞比較級連用，表示“兩者之中較……的一個” He is the taller of the two boys. 活用 表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞，但后面如果出現language一詞，前面需加定冠詞the English (＝The English language) is widely used in the world. 根據句意用適當的冠詞填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma by _______ arm and walked her across the street.(2024陜西) 2．_________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.(2024陜西)
3．Then, ________ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing ______piano. 4．In fact, _____________Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5．I think Tom is __________cleverer of the two boys，who is ________first to solve the problem.
6．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in______ thirteenth century. 【答案】1.the 2.The; the 3.the; the 4.the 5.the; the 6．the; the 二、不定冠詞 用法 典例 基本用法 用于單數名詞前表示一類人或事物 A bird can fly. 用于可數名詞或單數名詞前，表示未曾提到過的一人、事、物 There is an apple on the desk. 用來表示不確定的某一個，相當于a certain There's a Mr.White waiting for you. 用于價格、數量、比率等，意為“一，每一” He was walking at 4 miles an hour. 用法 典例 活用 在表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面有修飾語時，可用不定冠詞a/an There was a full moon in the sky. 在表示三餐、月份、季節的名詞前有形容詞修飾或表示特定含義時，可用不定冠詞 After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法 典例 活用 抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可與a/an連用 a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty “a/an＋序數詞”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一” They want to try it a third time. 用法 典例 易錯點津 ①用在以輔音音素(注意：不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如：a university ②用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如an 18-year-old student 根據句意用適當的冠詞填空 1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_________ Beethoven.(2024四川) 2．I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ______ gunman wearing a mask.(2024重慶)
