第一部分　必修二　Module 4

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism (相對(duì)主義)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

　　History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

　　In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不變的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

　　Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了根據(jù)文化相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品永恒受歡迎的原因是人類的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開說(shuō)明。

　　1．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?

　　A．It introduces different cultural values.

　　B．It explains the history of artistic works.

　　C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.

　　D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話，可知根據(jù)相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品就是把藝術(shù)的價(jià)值與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件結(jié)合在一塊，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　2．In paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ______.

　　A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

　　B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

　　C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

　　D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。第二段提及的藝術(shù)家的作品在歷史長(zhǎng)河中跨越了國(guó)界，因此可知藝術(shù)作品是沒(méi)有國(guó)界的，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　3．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ______.

　　A．they are results of scientific study

　　B．they establish some general principles of art

　　C．they are created by the world's greatest artists

　　D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知，David曾辯論到人性對(duì)于藝術(shù)鑒賞的總原則是不變的，所以一些藝術(shù)是可能永生的，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　4．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

　　A．Are Artistic Values Universal?

　　B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?

　　C．Is Human Nature Uniform?

　　D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

　　答案：A　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要從相對(duì)論的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，藝術(shù)的價(jià)值只能反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但作者提出了不同的觀點(diǎn)，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

　　How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy! __1__ Here are four tips which can help you live a dynamic life.

　　__2__

　　Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.

　　Don't fear people

　　__3__ The reason most people don't take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.

　　Value yourself and your choices

　　When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life.__4__ When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.

　　Focus on appreciation

　　No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask，“What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others？” __5__

　　These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.

　　A．Focus on your own talents and strengths

　　B．Never let others' opinions guide your choices

　　C．Treat every person as they are important.

　　D．When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.

　　E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.

　　F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you'll lead a successful life.

　　G．However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為說(shuō)明文。作者給出了幾個(gè)如何使你忠于你自己(stay true to yourself)的建議。

　　1．G　本段的功能是提出主題。只有告訴讀者忠于自己是可能的，才能接下面的句子。由此可見答案為G項(xiàng)。

　　2．B　根據(jù)本空下面的內(nèi)容可知本段的主題是：永遠(yuǎn)不要讓別人的觀點(diǎn)影響你的選擇。故答案為B項(xiàng)。

　　3．E　根據(jù)主題“Don't fear people”中的fear及E項(xiàng)中的fearless可推知E項(xiàng)為答案。

　　4．D　D項(xiàng)(When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you.)與下面的“When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.”構(gòu)成對(duì)比。

　　5．F　根據(jù)本部分中的appreciation，grateful和F項(xiàng)中的thankful可判斷F項(xiàng)為本題答案。

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　(2024·天津十二區(qū)縣重點(diǎn)學(xué)校聯(lián)考)

　　Born in 1963 in Sierra Visa, Arizona, USA, Jessica learned to live her life with her feet. Born without arms, she faced many __1__.

　　There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “__2__”life. However, Jessica's father said he __3__ had a tear about her birth condition. He had full confidence in her potential.

　　With the __4__ of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to __5__ the world with her feet.

　　As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When her first __6__ arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no __7__row.

　　Tentatively she took the stage with the other students and performed her __8__. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and__9__ to continue dancing for 14 years. __10__， Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14.

　　After __11__ from high school, Jessiea attended the University of Arizona __12__ she earned a bachelor's degree in psychology. When talking about her degree, she frequently __13__ that psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation.

　　Jessica's most famous accomplishment was learning how to __15__. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__ the right aircraft: a 1946 415C Ercoupe Airplane. She __17__the Guinness World Record __18__ being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet.

　　Jessica now __19__ a motivational speaker. She travels the world sharing her story and __20__ people to be creative and innovative.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文講述了天生沒(méi)有手臂的杰西卡在家人的鼓勵(lì)下，努力用雙腳探索世界，學(xué)會(huì)舞蹈，甚至學(xué)會(huì)開飛機(jī)并獲得吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的故事。她還周游世界分享她的故事，鼓勵(lì)人們要努力開創(chuàng)未來(lái)。

　　1.A．challenges B．trouble

　　C．a(chǎn)dvantages

　　D．influences

　　答案：A　challenges意為“挑戰(zhàn)”；trouble意為“麻煩”；advantages意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”；influences意為“影響”。根據(jù)此空前的Born without arms可知杰西卡天生沒(méi)有手臂，所以她要面對(duì)很多挑戰(zhàn)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　2.A．unique

　　B．special

　　C．normal

　　D．unusual

　　答案：C　unique意為“獨(dú)特的”；special意為“特別的”；normal意為“正常的”；unusual意為“不同尋常的”。根據(jù)第一段可知杰西卡天生沒(méi)有手臂，需要學(xué)會(huì)依靠腳來(lái)生活，所以此處表示對(duì)于她是否能過(guò)上正常的生活存在很多疑問(wèn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.A．frequently

　　B．never

　　C．ever

　　D．certainly

　　答案：B　frequently意為“頻繁地”；never意為“從未，決不”；ever意為“永遠(yuǎn)，曾經(jīng)”；certainly意為“當(dāng)然”。 根據(jù)此空前的轉(zhuǎn)折副詞however和下一句“He had full confidence in her potential”可推斷此處表示杰西卡的父親說(shuō)他對(duì)女兒的出生狀況從未流過(guò)一滴眼淚，他相信她的潛力，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　4.A．a(chǎn)rgument

　　B．understanding

　　C．opposition

　　D．support

　　答案：D　argument意為“爭(zhēng)論”；understanding意為“理解”；opposition意為“反對(duì)，敵對(duì)”；support意為“支持”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示在父母和家庭的支持下，杰西卡變得對(duì)自己充滿自信，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　5.A．decorate

　　B．explore

　　C．explode

　　D．establish

　　答案：B　decorate意為“裝飾”；explore意為“探索，探測(cè)”；explode意為“爆炸”；establish意為“建立”。根據(jù)第一段中“...Jessica learned to live her life with her feet”可知此處表示杰西卡繼續(xù)用雙腳探索世界，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　6.A．performance

　　B．image

　　C．exhibition

　　D．a(chǎn)ppearance

　　答案：A　performance意為“表演”；image意為“圖像，形象”；exhibition意為“展覽，顯示”；appearance意為“外貌”。根據(jù)此空后的“she asked to be put in the back row.”可推斷此處表示在她第一次表演舞蹈的時(shí)候，她要求被安排在后排，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　7.A．back

　　B．front

　　C．edge

　　D．middle

　　答案：A　根據(jù)此空前的“...be put in the back row”和下段中“Tentatively she took the stage with the other students...”可知她的舞蹈老師告訴她沒(méi)有后排，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　8.A．line

　　B．emotion

　　C．routine

　　D．behavior

　　答案：C　line意為“路線”；emotion意為“情感”；routine意為“例行程序”；behavior意為“行為”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示她和其他學(xué)生一起在舞臺(tái)上按部就班地表演節(jié)目，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　9.A．sympathy

　　B．sorrow

　　C．doubt

　　D．confidence

　　答案：D　sympathy意為“同情”；sorrow意為“悲傷”；doubt意為“懷疑”；confidence意為“自信”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示觀眾的掌聲給了她鼓勵(lì)和繼續(xù)跳舞的信心，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　10．A．Unfortunately

　　B．Delightedly

　　C．Disappointedly

　　D．Hopefully

　　答案：B　unfortunately意為“不幸地”；delightedly意為“高興地，欣喜地”；disappointedly意為“失望地”；hopefully意為“有希望地，有前途地”。根據(jù)此空后的“Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14”可知這是令人高興的事，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　11．A．a(chǎn)dmitting

　　B．entering

　　C．graduating

　　D．settling

　　答案：C　根據(jù)此空后的“Jessica attended the University of Arizona”可知此處表示杰西卡高中畢業(yè)后， 上了亞利桑那州大學(xué)，graduate from意為“從……畢業(yè)”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　12．A．which

　　B．when

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　答案：D　分析句子成分可知，先行詞是the University of Arizona，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　13．A．dreamed

　　B．ignored

　　C．explained

　　D．refused

　　答案：C　dream意為“夢(mèng)想”；ignore意為“忽略，忽視”；explain意為“解釋”；refuse意為“拒絕”。根據(jù)此空后的“psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation”可知此處表示當(dāng)談?wù)撍膶W(xué)位的時(shí)候，她經(jīng)常解釋說(shuō)心理學(xué)相信人們思考的方式對(duì)他們的生活的影響比身體的局限要大，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　14．A．symbol

　　B．frustration

　　C．evidence

　　D．impact

　　答案：D　symbol意為“標(biāo)志，象征”；frustration意為“挫折，沮喪”；evidence意為“證據(jù)”；impact意為“影響，效果”。have a greater impact on...意為“對(duì)……有更大的影響”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　15．A．board

　　B．fly

　　C．seat

　　D．launch

　　答案：B　board意為“登機(jī)”；fly意為“飛行”；seat意為“使……就座”；launch意為“發(fā)行”。根據(jù)下句“It look three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__the right aircraft”可知她最著名的成就是學(xué)會(huì)了飛行，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　16．A．find

　　B．lose

　　C．cancel

　　D．seek

　　答案：A　根據(jù)上文可知杰西卡天生沒(méi)有手臂，所以飛行對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，首先得找到合適的飛機(jī)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　17．A．experienced

　　B．scheduled

　　C．received

　　D．praised

　　答案：C　experience意為“經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)”；schedule意為“安排”；receive意為“收到，獲得”；praise意為“表?yè)P(yáng)”。根據(jù)此空后的the Guinness World Record可知此處表示她獲得了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　18．A．for

　　B．a(chǎn)gainst

　　C．beyond

　　D．within

　　答案：A　for意為“為了，因?yàn)椤保籥gainst意為“反對(duì)”；beyond意為“超過(guò)”；within意為“在……之內(nèi)”。根據(jù)此空后的“being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet”可知此處說(shuō)明她獲得吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的原因，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　19．A．describes as

　　B．regards as

　　C．treats as

　　D．works as

　　答案：D　describe as意為“描述為”；regard as意為“認(rèn)為是”；treat as意為“對(duì)待，把……看作”；work as意為“擔(dān)任”。根據(jù)此空后的a motivational speaker可知此處表示杰西卡現(xiàn)在是勵(lì)志演講者，故D項(xiàng)正確。