第13講 it的用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

　　it的用法

　　一、it作指示代詞

　　【完成句子】

　　用one，ones，it，that，those填空

　　(1) — I can't find my watch.

　　— You haven't found ______？ If you want to buy a new ______， I suggest you buy ______ made in China.

　　(2) We've got a big cup and two small ______.

　　(3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than ______ of a tiger.

　　(4) The books on the first shelf are easier than ______ on the second shelf.

　　(5) The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs.

　　【答案】

　　(1) it; one; one　

　　(2) ones　

　　(3) that

　　(4) those / the ones

　　(5) that / the one

　　【結(jié)論1】

　　①指代上文提過的事物時(shí)，it指的是同名同物，相當(dāng)于the＋名詞；

　　②one指的是同名異物，表示單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于a ＋名詞；a / an＋形容詞＋one等于a / an＋形容詞＋名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式用ones；

　　③that后面常有后置定語(yǔ)，有特指意義，代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the＋名詞；

　　④復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those，相當(dāng)于the ones。

　　【例句觀察】

　　— Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it?

　　— It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.

　　【結(jié)論2】it指代人時(shí)，常指小孩或身份不明的人。

　　【例句觀察】

　　It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.

　　【結(jié)論2】it可用以指代環(huán)境或情況。

　　【完成例句】

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

　　(6)— What time is it now?

　　— It's half past seven.

　　(7)— It is spring now and it's warm these days.

　　【結(jié)論4】 it可用以指代時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離。

　　【注意】 it指代時(shí)間時(shí)，有如下一些句型：

　　(1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that－從句(should do /

　　did, 必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

　　例： ① It's time for lunch.

　　② It's time for us to clean the house.

　　③ It's time that we should clean the house.

　　＝It's time that we cleaned the house.

　　(2) It is

　　/ has been ＋ some time ＋ since－從句 (從句用一般過去時(shí))

　　(3) It / This is the first

　　/ second…time that－從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

　　這是某人第……次做了某事。

　　It /

　　That was the first /

　　second…time that－從句(必須使用過去完成時(shí))

　　例：①It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.

　　②This was the first time that I had come late to school.

　　(4) It was ＋時(shí)間點(diǎn) ＋ when －從句

　　例： It was evening when we got home.

　　＝It was evening in which we got home.

　　(5) It was / will be ＋ some time ＋ before －從句

　　例：①過了5年他們才從北大畢業(yè)。

　　It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.

　　②不久，我們就要從我們學(xué)校畢業(yè)了。

　　It won't be long before we graduate from our school.

　　二、it作形式主語(yǔ)

　　【完成例句】

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

　　(8) It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.

　　【結(jié)論】代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正主語(yǔ)。為平衡句子，通常把不定式作主語(yǔ)改為it 作形式主語(yǔ)。

　　三、it作形式賓語(yǔ)

　　【例句觀察】

　　①How did it come about that so many people were attacked?

　　② She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend.

　　③ Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.

　　④ I have made it a rule to get up early.

　　【結(jié)論1】

　　①it可以用在某些固定句型中，例如：

　　How did it come about that－從句意為“……怎么發(fā)生的？”

　　②it 作形式賓語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　主語(yǔ)＋ think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard ＋it＋adj. / n. (for sb.)to do.

　　【例句觀察】

　　I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.

　　【結(jié)論2】主語(yǔ)＋ think / consider / find / feel ＋it＋ no good / use doing sth.

　　【例句觀察】

　　I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.

　　【結(jié)論3】主語(yǔ)＋hate / dislike / love / like ＋it ＋ when－從句，表示對(duì)某一情況的喜好或厭惡。

　　【例句觀察】

　　I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.

　　【結(jié)論4】主語(yǔ)＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if－從句

　　【例句觀察】

　　①You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.

　　②You can depend upon it that we won't give up.

　　③I answer for it that she is an honest girl.

　　【結(jié)論5】主語(yǔ)＋see to /

　　answer for it＋ that－從句(確保……)

　　主語(yǔ)＋depend on it ＋that－從句(指望，確信……)

　　四、帶it的一些固定詞組

　　1．(You've / I've) got it. 懂了，明白了

　　2. Forget it. 算了吧，別在意，沒關(guān)系。

　　3. take it easy 別著急，慢慢來；別過于緊張

　　4. make it 辦得到，做成功

　　5. make it ＋時(shí)間　把……定在(某時(shí))

　　6. It

　　/ That (all) depends. 那要看情況而定。

　　7. It can't be helped. 沒有辦法。 / 這是不可避免的。

　　8. It is hard to say. 情況很難說。

　　9. It comes to nothing. 沒有什么結(jié)果。

　　10. Don't mention it. 不用謝。

　　11. That's it.

　　對(duì)了；正是。

　　12. catch it(口語(yǔ))被責(zé)罵； 受處罰

　　13. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。

　　14. It doesn't matter. 沒有關(guān)系； 不要緊；

　　15. When it comes to…當(dāng)談到……； 當(dāng)涉及……

　　16.

　　Keep it up. 再接再厲。

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

　　一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本用法

　　1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / was ＋ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋ 句子的其余部分。

　　2．句型解讀：

　　(1) it是引導(dǎo)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容可以是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情況一律用that。

　　(2) 驗(yàn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法： 去掉It is / was…that 結(jié)構(gòu)后，可以把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分與句子其余部分還原為一個(gè)完整的句子。

　　二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)

　　【例句觀察】

　　(1) It was Edison who invented the lamp.

　　(2) It is Edison who invents the lamp.

　　【結(jié)論1】注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。原句中用的是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)， 用it was…that…；原句中用的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪撤N時(shí)態(tài)，用it is…that…

　　【例句觀察】

　　It is I that am your English teacher.

　　【結(jié)論2】當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意保持主謂一致。

　　【例句觀察】

　　He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))

　　→ It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

　　【結(jié)論3】not …until …結(jié)構(gòu)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be動(dòng)詞后。即：It wasn't until …that ＋句子的其余部分。

　　【例句觀察】

　　Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?

　　【結(jié)論4】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that＋句子的其余部分。

　　【完成句子】

　　When was it that he went to bed?

　　【結(jié)論5】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞＋ is / was it＋ that ＋ 句子的其余部分。

　　【例句觀察】

　　I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.

　　【結(jié)論6】含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，注意用陳述語(yǔ)序。

　　【疑難】It is in the city where he was born that he works.

　　他工作的地方是他出生的那個(gè)城市。

　　【疑難剖析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，要注意區(qū)別、分析。

　　It is / was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋定語(yǔ)從句＋that (who)＋句子的其余部分

　　第13講 it的用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

　　it的用法

　　一、it作指示代詞

　　【完成句子】

　　用one，ones，it，that，those填空

　　(1) — I can't find my watch.

　　— You haven't found ______？ If you want to buy a new ______， I suggest you buy ______ made in China.

　　(2) We've got a big cup and two small ______.

　　(3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than ______ of a tiger.

　　(4) The books on the first shelf are easier than ______ on the second shelf.

　　(5) The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs.

　　【答案】

　　(1) it; one; one　

　　(2) ones　

　　(3) that

　　(4) those / the ones

　　(5) that / the one

　　【結(jié)論1】

　　①指代上文提過的事物時(shí)，it指的是同名同物，相當(dāng)于the＋名詞；

　　②one指的是同名異物，表示單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于a ＋名詞；a / an＋形容詞＋one等于a / an＋形容詞＋名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式用ones；

　　③that后面常有后置定語(yǔ)，有特指意義，代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the＋名詞；

　　④復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those，相當(dāng)于the ones。

　　【例句觀察】

　　— Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it?

　　— It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.

　　【結(jié)論2】it指代人時(shí)，常指小孩或身份不明的人。

　　【例句觀察】

　　It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.

　　【結(jié)論2】it可用以指代環(huán)境或情況。

　　【完成例句】

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

　　(6)— What time is it now?

　　— It's half past seven.

　　(7)— It is spring now and it's warm these days.

　　【結(jié)論4】 it可用以指代時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離。

　　【注意】 it指代時(shí)間時(shí)，有如下一些句型：

　　(1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that－從句(should do /

　　did, 必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

　　例： ① It's time for lunch.

　　② It's time for us to clean the house.

　　③ It's time that we should clean the house.

　　＝It's time that we cleaned the house.

　　(2) It is

　　/ has been ＋ some time ＋ since－從句 (從句用一般過去時(shí))

　　(3) It / This is the first

　　/ second…time that－從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

　　這是某人第……次做了某事。

　　It /

　　That was the first /

　　second…time that－從句(必須使用過去完成時(shí))

　　例：①It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.

　　②This was the first time that I had come late to school.

　　(4) It was ＋時(shí)間點(diǎn) ＋ when －從句

　　例： It was evening when we got home.

　　＝It was evening in which we got home.

　　(5) It was / will be ＋ some time ＋ before －從句

　　例：①過了5年他們才從北大畢業(yè)。

　　It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.

　　②不久，我們就要從我們學(xué)校畢業(yè)了。

　　It won't be long before we graduate from our school.

　　二、it作形式主語(yǔ)

　　【完成例句】

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

　　(8) It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.

　　【結(jié)論】代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正主語(yǔ)。為平衡句子，通常把不定式作主語(yǔ)改為it 作形式主語(yǔ)。

　　三、it作形式賓語(yǔ)

　　【例句觀察】

　　①How did it come about that so many people were attacked?

　　② She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend.

　　③ Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.

　　④ I have made it a rule to get up early.

　　【結(jié)論1】

　　①it可以用在某些固定句型中，例如：

　　How did it come about that－從句意為“……怎么發(fā)生的？”

　　②it 作形式賓語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　主語(yǔ)＋ think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard ＋it＋adj. / n. (for sb.)to do.

　　【例句觀察】

　　I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.

　　【結(jié)論2】主語(yǔ)＋ think / consider / find / feel ＋it＋ no good / use doing sth.

　　【例句觀察】

　　I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.

　　【結(jié)論3】主語(yǔ)＋hate / dislike / love / like ＋it ＋ when－從句，表示對(duì)某一情況的喜好或厭惡。

　　【例句觀察】

　　I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.

　　【結(jié)論4】主語(yǔ)＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if－從句

　　【例句觀察】

　　①You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.

　　②You can depend upon it that we won't give up.

　　③I answer for it that she is an honest girl.

　　【結(jié)論5】主語(yǔ)＋see to /

　　answer for it＋ that－從句(確保……)

　　主語(yǔ)＋depend on it ＋that－從句(指望，確信……)

　　四、帶it的一些固定詞組

　　1．(You've / I've) got it. 懂了，明白了

　　2. Forget it. 算了吧，別在意，沒關(guān)系。

　　3. take it easy 別著急，慢慢來；別過于緊張

　　4. make it 辦得到，做成功

　　5. make it ＋時(shí)間　把……定在(某時(shí))

　　6. It

　　/ That (all) depends. 那要看情況而定。

　　7. It can't be helped. 沒有辦法。 / 這是不可避免的。

　　8. It is hard to say. 情況很難說。

　　9. It comes to nothing. 沒有什么結(jié)果。

　　10. Don't mention it. 不用謝。

　　11. That's it.

　　對(duì)了；正是。

　　12. catch it(口語(yǔ))被責(zé)罵； 受處罰

　　13. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。

　　14. It doesn't matter. 沒有關(guān)系； 不要緊；

　　15. When it comes to…當(dāng)談到……； 當(dāng)涉及……

　　16.

　　Keep it up. 再接再厲。

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

　　一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本用法

　　1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / was ＋ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋ 句子的其余部分。

　　2．句型解讀：

　　(1) it是引導(dǎo)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容可以是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情況一律用that。

　　(2) 驗(yàn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法： 去掉It is / was…that 結(jié)構(gòu)后，可以把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分與句子其余部分還原為一個(gè)完整的句子。

　　二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)

　　【例句觀察】

　　(1) It was Edison who invented the lamp.

　　(2) It is Edison who invents the lamp.

　　【結(jié)論1】注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。原句中用的是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)， 用it was…that…；原句中用的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪撤N時(shí)態(tài)，用it is…that…

　　【例句觀察】

　　It is I that am your English teacher.

　　【結(jié)論2】當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意保持主謂一致。

　　【例句觀察】

　　He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (對(duì)畫線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))

　　→ It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

　　【結(jié)論3】not …until …結(jié)構(gòu)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be動(dòng)詞后。即：It wasn't until …that ＋句子的其余部分。

　　【例句觀察】

　　Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?

　　【結(jié)論4】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that＋句子的其余部分。

　　【完成句子】

　　When was it that he went to bed?

　　【結(jié)論5】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞＋ is / was it＋ that ＋ 句子的其余部分。

　　【例句觀察】

　　I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.

　　【結(jié)論6】含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，注意用陳述語(yǔ)序。

　　【疑難】It is in the city where he was born that he works.

　　他工作的地方是他出生的那個(gè)城市。

　　【疑難剖析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，要注意區(qū)別、分析。

　　It is / was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋定語(yǔ)從句＋that (who)＋句子的其余部分