介詞考點(diǎn)

　　◆典型陷阱題分析◆

　　1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”

　　A. to, with B. for, with

　　C. for, for D. at, for

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 B 或D。

　　【分析】答案應(yīng)選 A。第一空填to 比較好理解，因?yàn)榇颂幍膌ate為副詞，用以修飾 go to the stadium 中的動(dòng)詞go；而第二句的 with 則是許多同學(xué)不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，現(xiàn)將兩者區(qū)別如下：be late for表示做某事遲到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比較：

　　We were late for dinner. 我們吃飯遲到了。

　　We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我們吃飯吃得遲。

　　句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子準(zhǔn)備晚飯稍遲了一點(diǎn)”。

　　2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 A 或 B。

　　【分析】答案應(yīng)選 D。按英語習(xí)慣，除except, but 等極個(gè)別介詞外，英語介詞后通常不能直接跟 that 從句作賓語。遇此情況，通常是在 that 從句前加上 the fact，此時(shí) the fact 用作介詞賓語，而其后 that 從句則用作 the fact 的同位語。請(qǐng)看類似試題（答案選均D）：

　　(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed

　　A. which B. since

　　C. because D. because of

　　【陷阱】容易誤選C。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z語法習(xí)慣，because是連詞，其后接句子；而because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞等。

　　【分析】此題答案選D。because 作為從屬連詞，主要用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，既然是引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，也就是說它的后面不能再連用“引導(dǎo)詞”。如：

　　He was angry because we were late. 他很生氣因?yàn)槲覀冞t到了。

　　They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他們不可能出去了，因?yàn)闊暨€亮著。

　　Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.這家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。

　　假若，一個(gè)從句已經(jīng)有了自己的“引導(dǎo)詞”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 這個(gè)連詞了。如：

　　She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因?yàn)槟阏f的話。

　　句中的 what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that，也就是說 what you said 相當(dāng)于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的賓語，而that you said 為修飾 the thing 的定語從句。

　　He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因?yàn)閷?duì)老板的態(tài)度(不好)而丟了工作。

　　句中的 how 相當(dāng)于 the way in which，也就是說 how he treated his boss相當(dāng)于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的賓語，而in which he treated his boss 為修飾 the way 的定語從句。

　　4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案為D。若僅從答句來看，四個(gè)答案都說得過去。但若結(jié)合問句的語境以答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)槠溆嗳x項(xiàng)填入空格均不能回答問句所提出的問題。比較：

　　“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　此題選B，因?yàn)閱柧鋯柕氖莣hen(何時(shí))，所以用 in 1995 來回答便順理成章。

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧深}：

　　(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即問句問“工作了多久”，答句說“自去年年底至今”。

　　(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選B，問句問“將工作多久”，答句說“工作明年明底”。

　　(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選C，問句問“何時(shí)離開”，答句說“去年明底離開”。

　　5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.

　　A. about B. with

　　C. to D. for

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B。根據(jù)漢語的“對(duì)某人生氣”，將其中的“對(duì)”直譯為to。

　　【分析】最佳答案為 B。按英語習(xí)慣，要表示對(duì)某人生氣，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示對(duì)某事生氣，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美國英語中也用 be angry with sth，但不說 be angry with sb)。比較以下表達(dá)，其中的“對(duì)”也不用to來翻譯：

　　你對(duì)這些安排感到滿意嗎?

　　誤：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?

　　正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?

　　老師應(yīng)該對(duì)他的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。

　　誤：Teachers should be strict to their students.

　　正：Teachers should be strict with their students.

　　6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.

　　A. with B. of

　　C. on D. by

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A。根據(jù) keep in touch with (與……保持聯(lián)系)這一常用搭配推出。

　　【分析】正確答案是D。by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為“通過寫信”，全句意為“我們通過經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磶桌?均與介詞搭配有關(guān))：

　　(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?

　　A. of, with B. with, towards

　　C. about, about D. for, about

　　此題不要受 a lot of的影響而誤選A。若第一空選 of，a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語，但實(shí)際上動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能后接賓語。最佳答案應(yīng)是C，句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語，talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語。 全句意為“我們對(duì)電影已談了不少，現(xiàn)在談?wù)勲娨曉趺礃?” What about…意為“……怎么樣”，用于征求意見。

　　(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.

　　A. as B. with

　　C. of D. by

　　有的同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as，馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard … as … (把……當(dāng)作……)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。但是錯(cuò)了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為“我們大家都很同情這位老人”。

　　◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

　　1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.

　　A. off B. along

　　C. on D. around

　　2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”

　　A. on B. since

　　C. until D. after

　　3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.

　　A. in B. between

　　C. among D. on

　　4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”

　　A. as well as B. so long as

　　C. because of D. in case of

　　5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.

　　A. Given B. Supposed

　　C. Considered D. Concluded

　　6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.

　　A. until B. in

　　C. by D. to

　　7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?

　　A. Because of B. Except

　　C. Besides D. But for

　　8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”

　　A. Past B. From

　　C. Over D. Through

　　9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.

　　A. Except B. except for

　　C. except that D. in addition

　　9. 選 C。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.

　　A .except B. except when

　　C. except for D. except that

　　11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.

　　A. besides B. except for

　　C. except D. except that

　　12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.

　　A. Except B. Except for

　　C. But D. Besides

　　13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.

　　A. in spite of B. instead of

　　C. in case of D. in favor of

　　14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.

　　A. around B. abroad

　　C. aboard D. ahead

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. 選A。off 用作介詞時(shí)可表示距離，此時(shí)尤其用于指距離某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：

　　Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我們家離大路大約有20米遠(yuǎn)。

　　The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 輪船拋錨停泊在離海岸1英里的地方。

　　2. 選B。此答句為省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.

　　3. 選 B。between floors 指在兩層樓之間。類例地，以下各例也選between：

　　Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.

　　4. 選D。復(fù)合介詞in case of有兩個(gè)意思，一是表示條件，意為“如果”；二是表示目的，意為“以防”。如：

　　In case of fire, call 119. 萬一失火，就打119電話。

　　Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 帶把雨傘，以防下雨。

　　5. 選A，given 在此用作介詞，意為“考慮到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考慮到價(jià)格很低，我決定把它買下。

　　6. 選C，by 意為“最遲到……之前，到……的時(shí)候已經(jīng)”。類例地，下面一題也選by：

　　The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.

　　A. until B. after

　　C. around D. by

　　7. 選C。besides 意為“除……之外，還”。又如：

　　He has another car besides this. 除了這輛車外，他還有一輛。

　　Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教師外，他還是位詩人。

　　Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他還有沒有別的什么舉動(dòng)?

　　8. 選D。through 意為“穿過，貫穿，經(jīng)過，透過”。又如：

　　The train ran through the tunnel. 火車穿過隧道。

　　I saw you through the window. 我是透過窗子看到你的。

　　9. 選 C。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. 選B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的意思，而后者則沒有這個(gè)意思。

　　11. 選B。except 與 except for的區(qū)別是：前者主要用來談?wù)撏惖臇|西；后者主要用來談?wù)摬煌惖臇|西，在說明情況后作細(xì)節(jié)上的修正，有時(shí)含有惋惜之意。

　　12. 選B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示談?wù)摬煌惖膶?duì)象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。

　　13. 選A。比較：in spite of=雖然，盡管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假設(shè)，萬一；in favour of=贊同，有利于。

　　14. 選C。aboard 用作介詞時(shí)意思“在(船、飛機(jī)、車)上”、“上(船、飛機(jī)、車)”。

　　介詞考點(diǎn)

　　◆典型陷阱題分析◆

　　1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”

　　A. to, with B. for, with

　　C. for, for D. at, for

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 B 或D。

　　【分析】答案應(yīng)選 A。第一空填to 比較好理解，因?yàn)榇颂幍膌ate為副詞，用以修飾 go to the stadium 中的動(dòng)詞go；而第二句的 with 則是許多同學(xué)不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，現(xiàn)將兩者區(qū)別如下：be late for表示做某事遲到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比較：

　　We were late for dinner. 我們吃飯遲到了。

　　We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我們吃飯吃得遲。

　　句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子準(zhǔn)備晚飯稍遲了一點(diǎn)”。

　　2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 A 或 B。

　　【分析】答案應(yīng)選 D。按英語習(xí)慣，除except, but 等極個(gè)別介詞外，英語介詞后通常不能直接跟 that 從句作賓語。遇此情況，通常是在 that 從句前加上 the fact，此時(shí) the fact 用作介詞賓語，而其后 that 從句則用作 the fact 的同位語。請(qǐng)看類似試題（答案選均D）：

　　(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. what D. the fact that

　　3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed

　　A. which B. since

　　C. because D. because of

　　【陷阱】容易誤選C。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z語法習(xí)慣，because是連詞，其后接句子；而because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞等。

　　【分析】此題答案選D。because 作為從屬連詞，主要用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，既然是引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，也就是說它的后面不能再連用“引導(dǎo)詞”。如：

　　He was angry because we were late. 他很生氣因?yàn)槲覀冞t到了。

　　They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他們不可能出去了，因?yàn)闊暨€亮著。

　　Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.這家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。

　　假若，一個(gè)從句已經(jīng)有了自己的“引導(dǎo)詞”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 這個(gè)連詞了。如：

　　She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因?yàn)槟阏f的話。

　　句中的 what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that，也就是說 what you said 相當(dāng)于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的賓語，而that you said 為修飾 the thing 的定語從句。

　　He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因?yàn)閷?duì)老板的態(tài)度(不好)而丟了工作。

　　句中的 how 相當(dāng)于 the way in which，也就是說 how he treated his boss相當(dāng)于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的賓語，而in which he treated his boss 為修飾 the way 的定語從句。

　　4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案為D。若僅從答句來看，四個(gè)答案都說得過去。但若結(jié)合問句的語境以答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)槠溆嗳x項(xiàng)填入空格均不能回答問句所提出的問題。比較：

　　“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”

　　A. After B. In

　　C. From D. Since

　　此題選B，因?yàn)閱柧鋯柕氖莣hen(何時(shí))，所以用 in 1995 來回答便順理成章。

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧深}：

　　(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即問句問“工作了多久”，答句說“自去年年底至今”。

　　(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選B，問句問“將工作多久”，答句說“工作明年明底”。

　　(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”

　　A. In B. By

　　C. At D. Since

　　答案選C，問句問“何時(shí)離開”，答句說“去年明底離開”。

　　5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.

　　A. about B. with

　　C. to D. for

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B。根據(jù)漢語的“對(duì)某人生氣”，將其中的“對(duì)”直譯為to。

　　【分析】最佳答案為 B。按英語習(xí)慣，要表示對(duì)某人生氣，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示對(duì)某事生氣，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美國英語中也用 be angry with sth，但不說 be angry with sb)。比較以下表達(dá)，其中的“對(duì)”也不用to來翻譯：

　　你對(duì)這些安排感到滿意嗎?

　　誤：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?

　　正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?

　　老師應(yīng)該對(duì)他的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。

　　誤：Teachers should be strict to their students.

　　正：Teachers should be strict with their students.

　　6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.

　　A. with B. of

　　C. on D. by

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A。根據(jù) keep in touch with (與……保持聯(lián)系)這一常用搭配推出。

　　【分析】正確答案是D。by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為“通過寫信”，全句意為“我們通過經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磶桌?均與介詞搭配有關(guān))：

　　(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?

　　A. of, with B. with, towards

　　C. about, about D. for, about

　　此題不要受 a lot of的影響而誤選A。若第一空選 of，a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語，但實(shí)際上動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能后接賓語。最佳答案應(yīng)是C，句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語，talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語。 全句意為“我們對(duì)電影已談了不少，現(xiàn)在談?wù)勲娨曉趺礃?” What about…意為“……怎么樣”，用于征求意見。

　　(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.

　　A. as B. with

　　C. of D. by

　　有的同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as，馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard … as … (把……當(dāng)作……)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。但是錯(cuò)了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為“我們大家都很同情這位老人”。

　　◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

　　1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.

　　A. off B. along

　　C. on D. around

　　2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”

　　A. on B. since

　　C. until D. after

　　3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.

　　A. in B. between

　　C. among D. on

　　4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”

　　A. as well as B. so long as

　　C. because of D. in case of

　　5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.

　　A. Given B. Supposed

　　C. Considered D. Concluded

　　6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.

　　A. until B. in

　　C. by D. to

　　7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?

　　A. Because of B. Except

　　C. Besides D. But for

　　8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”

　　A. Past B. From

　　C. Over D. Through

　　9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.

　　A. Except B. except for

　　C. except that D. in addition

　　9. 選 C。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.

　　A .except B. except when

　　C. except for D. except that

　　11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.

　　A. besides B. except for

　　C. except D. except that

　　12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.

　　A. Except B. Except for

　　C. But D. Besides

　　13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.

　　A. in spite of B. instead of

　　C. in case of D. in favor of

　　14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.

　　A. around B. abroad

　　C. aboard D. ahead

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. 選A。off 用作介詞時(shí)可表示距離，此時(shí)尤其用于指距離某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：

　　Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我們家離大路大約有20米遠(yuǎn)。

　　The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 輪船拋錨停泊在離海岸1英里的地方。

　　2. 選B。此答句為省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.

　　3. 選 B。between floors 指在兩層樓之間。類例地，以下各例也選between：

　　Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.

　　4. 選D。復(fù)合介詞in case of有兩個(gè)意思，一是表示條件，意為“如果”；二是表示目的，意為“以防”。如：

　　In case of fire, call 119. 萬一失火，就打119電話。

　　Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 帶把雨傘，以防下雨。

　　5. 選A，given 在此用作介詞，意為“考慮到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考慮到價(jià)格很低，我決定把它買下。

　　6. 選C，by 意為“最遲到……之前，到……的時(shí)候已經(jīng)”。類例地，下面一題也選by：

　　The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.

　　A. until B. after

　　C. around D. by

　　7. 選C。besides 意為“除……之外，還”。又如：

　　He has another car besides this. 除了這輛車外，他還有一輛。

　　Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教師外，他還是位詩人。

　　Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他還有沒有別的什么舉動(dòng)?

　　8. 選D。through 意為“穿過，貫穿，經(jīng)過，透過”。又如：

　　The train ran through the tunnel. 火車穿過隧道。

　　I saw you through the window. 我是透過窗子看到你的。

　　9. 選 C。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有except that 后可接句子。

　　10. 選B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的意思，而后者則沒有這個(gè)意思。

　　11. 選B。except 與 except for的區(qū)別是：前者主要用來談?wù)撏惖臇|西；后者主要用來談?wù)摬煌惖臇|西，在說明情況后作細(xì)節(jié)上的修正，有時(shí)含有惋惜之意。

　　12. 選B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示談?wù)摬煌惖膶?duì)象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。

　　13. 選A。比較：in spite of=雖然，盡管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假設(shè)，萬一；in favour of=贊同，有利于。

　　14. 選C。aboard 用作介詞時(shí)意思“在(船、飛機(jī)、車)上”、“上(船、飛機(jī)、車)”。