2024屆高考英語二輪復習課件 第6講：非謂語動詞與with復合結構（湖南專用）人教新課標版
【解析】選D。此處是被省略的時間狀語從句，相當于 when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。film和compare之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞。句意： 電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當它和像音樂和繪畫這樣的藝術形式相比時。 考點6: 獨立主格結構 The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. (2024·全國新課標卷 28)
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit 【解析】選A。此處前后主語不一致，構成獨立主格結構。weather與permit之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞。句意： 如果天氣允許，聚會將在花園舉行。 Ⅱ. with復合結構
例1：The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. (2024·遼寧卷 25)
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows 【解析】選B。with的賓語后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補，這里pet dog與follow構成主謂關系，所以用following。 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped 【解析】選C。這是with的復合結構， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來的意思，顯然不合語境，選C表示“他的媽媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。 1. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for ______ another meeting.
A. there be
B. there to be
C. there being
D. there was 易錯題筆記 【解析】選B。此題很容易誤選C，因為空白前有介詞 for。但是正確答案應是B。在通常情況下，there be 結構出現在介詞后時，要用 there being 的形式，但這有一個例外，就是在介詞 for之后只能用there to be。比較：
They planned on there being another meeting.
他們打算再開一次會議。 They planned for there to be another meeting.
他們打算再開一次會議。 2. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ______ to.
A. spoken
B. speaking
C. speak
D. be spoken 【解析】選A。此題容易誤B，認為until 是介詞，后接動名詞形式。其實，此題應選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個沉默寡言的人，除非別人同他說話，否則他很少說話”。按英語習慣，一些表示時間、地點、條件、方式、 讓步等的狀語從句，若其主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包含動詞be, 那么可將從句的主語和動詞be省略。 例如： You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年輕時要努力學習，不然到老了你會后悔的。 I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會去， 除非請我。 3. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Found
B. Founded
C. Founding
D. Being founded 【解析】選B。但容易誤選A。比較： find 意為“發現”，其過去式和過去分詞均為 found。found意為“建立”，其過去式和過去分詞均為 founded。 4. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.
A. understood
B. understand
C. to understand
D. being understood 【解析】選A。但容易誤選B，即硬套“make ＋ 名詞或代詞 ＋ 動詞原形”這一結構。但是該結構中的名詞或代詞應與其后動詞有邏輯上的主謂關系，而對于此題，myself 與其后的動詞 understand 是動賓關系，故此時的動詞應用過去分詞表被動。 5. The husband advised ______ to the south, but his wife advised him ______ up the idea.
A. moving; giving
B. to move; to give
C. moving; to give
D. to move; giving 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A。advise 后接動詞作賓語時，要用動名詞，不用不定式；但若其后接的動詞前有賓語，此動詞用作賓語補足語時，則此動詞要用不定式。 6. Charles Babbage was considered ______ the first telephone.
A. inventing
B. having invented
C. to invent
D. to have invented 【解析】選D。此題容易誤選A或B。consider可表示“考慮”和“認為”兩種意思。表示“考慮”時，其后不能接不定式，而接動名詞作賓語；表示“認為”時，則其后不接動名詞，但可接不定式的復合結構，即用于“consider＋賓語＋不定式”的結構，此題即為該結構的被動語態形式。而且從時間上看，invent 應在 be considered 之前，故應用完成式，即 to have invented，故選D。 7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting — I've got too much work ______.
A. to do to come
B. doing coming
C. to do coming
D. doing to come 【解析】選A。不定式 to do 與 have got much work 搭配，即 have got much work to do (有許多工作要做)；不定式 to come 與 much 前的 too 搭配，構成 too…to…句式，句意為“我有太多的工作要做，不能來”。 8. Whom would you rather ______ with you, Jim or Jack?
A. have go
B. have to go
C. have gone
D. has to go 【解析】選A。有的同學從一看選項便首先排除了A，認為 have go 這種結構本身就有問題。而事實上此題的正確答案正是 A。請同學們先看下面一句： I would rather have Jim go with me. (我寧愿要吉姆同我一道去。) 句中的 have 為使役動詞，所以其后用作賓語補足語的不定式 go with me 不帶 to。假若對此句中的 Jim 提問，就是 Whom would you rather have go with you? 9. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.
A. borrowed
B. borrowing
C. would borrow
D. had borrowed 【解析】選B。此題容易誤選A，認為 borrowed more money 與 solved the problem 為并列謂語。其實，根據上下文的語境，應選 B，即 borrowing more money與 reducing our costs并列。句意為“我們靠減少費用和多借錢的辦法解決了問題”。 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carried out
B. carrying out
C. carry out
D. to carry out 【解析】選A。此題結構比較復雜，正確的句子結構是這樣的： that they would like to see ______ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語從句，而在這個定語從句中，關系代詞 that (指先行詞 the plan)用作動詞 see 的賓語，所以定語從句的本來面目便是 they would like to see the plan ______ the next year。顯然，其中的 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動關系，故應填過去分詞 carried out。 第6講
非謂語動詞與with復合結構
考點1：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語
______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2024·陜西卷 15)
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand Ⅰ.非謂語動詞
【解析】選A。非謂語動詞短語后有逗號，說明非謂語動詞作題干的狀語。邏輯主語是句子的主語we，非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是主動關系，且其動作與謂語動詞wait的動作同時進行，用動詞Verb-ing的一般式，選A。 考點2：獨立成分作狀語 ______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.
A. Telling; going
B. To tell; going
C. Telling; to go
D. To tell; to go 【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語。 考點3：非謂語動詞的時態 例1: ______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2024·重慶卷 23) A. Having been asked B. To ask
C. Having asked D. To be asked 【解析】選A。逗號前為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關系，由此可排除B和C選項，D選項常作目的和結果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A選項為現在分詞完成式的被動形式，可作時間狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、伴隨狀語等。 考點3：非謂語動詞的時態 例2: George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. (2024·山東卷 26)
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
【解析】選A。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結果；現在分詞作結果狀語則表示自然的結果。這里George和tell之間是被動關系，因此用to be told。句意： 喬治戰爭后回到家，結果被告知妻子已經離開了。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語補足語：
例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ______. (2024·四川卷 12)
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash 【解析】選A。考查過去分詞作賓語補足語。此題中使役動詞get后接的賓語car與作賓語補足語的動詞wash之間為被動關系，構成短語： get sth. done。故答案選A。句意為： 在驅車進城之前，你必須將你的車洗了。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語補足語：
例2：I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2024·四川卷 8)
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound 【解析】選C。此題考查現在分詞作賓語補足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動關系且此動作正在進行，故選C。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 4. 作定語：
例1：We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2024·重慶卷 28)
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made 【解析】選A。分析句子結構可知，空白處為后置定語，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動關系，而且是將要發生的動作。由此可知，表示被動和將來的A選項符合題意。B表示被動進行；C表示被動完成；D表示被動完成，但不作定語。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 4. 作定語：
例2：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (2024·山東卷 35)
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide 【解析】選B。分析句子結構可知，空白處為后置定語，此處動詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動關系，在句中作定語，相當于which is provided。句意為： 完成并簽名后，請把表格放入我們提供的信封內送回。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 5. 不定式與現在分詞作結果狀語的區別：
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (2024·四川卷 6)
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found 【解析】選B。本題考查非謂語動詞。句意為： 湯姆乘的士趕到機場，結果卻發現他要乘坐的飛機已經飛入高空了。此處only后接動詞不定式表示意想不到的結果。 考點5: 非謂語動詞的省略形式
Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. (2024·全國新課標卷 32)
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
【解析】選D。此處是被省略的時間狀語從句，相當于 when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。film和compare之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞。句意： 電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當它和像音樂和繪畫這樣的藝術形式相比時。 考點6: 獨立主格結構 The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. (2024·全國新課標卷 28)
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit 【解析】選A。此處前后主語不一致，構成獨立主格結構。weather與permit之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞。句意： 如果天氣允許，聚會將在花園舉行。 Ⅱ. with復合結構
例1：The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. (2024·遼寧卷 25)
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows 【解析】選B。with的賓語后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補，這里pet dog與follow構成主謂關系，所以用following。 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped 【解析】選C。這是with的復合結構， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來的意思，顯然不合語境，選C表示“他的媽媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。 1. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for ______ another meeting.
A. there be
B. there to be
C. there being
D. there was 易錯題筆記 【解析】選B。此題很容易誤選C，因為空白前有介詞 for。但是正確答案應是B。在通常情況下，there be 結構出現在介詞后時，要用 there being 的形式，但這有一個例外，就是在介詞 for之后只能用there to be。比較：
They planned on there being another meeting.
他們打算再開一次會議。 They planned for there to be another meeting.
他們打算再開一次會議。 2. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ______ to.
A. spoken
B. speaking
C. speak
D. be spoken 【解析】選A。此題容易誤B，認為until 是介詞，后接動名詞形式。其實，此題應選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個沉默寡言的人，除非別人同他說話，否則他很少說話”。按英語習慣，一些表示時間、地點、條件、方式、 讓步等的狀語從句，若其主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包含動詞be, 那么可將從句的主語和動詞be省略。 例如： You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年輕時要努力學習，不然到老了你會后悔的。 I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會去， 除非請我。 3. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Found
B. Founded
C. Founding
D. Being founded 【解析】選B。但容易誤選A。比較： find 意為“發現”，其過去式和過去分詞均為 found。found意為“建立”，其過去式和過去分詞均為 founded。 4. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.
A. understood
B. understand
C. to understand
D. being understood 【解析】選A。但容易誤選B，即硬套“make ＋ 名詞或代詞 ＋ 動詞原形”這一結構。但是該結構中的名詞或代詞應與其后動詞有邏輯上的主謂關系，而對于此題，myself 與其后的動詞 understand 是動賓關系，故此時的動詞應用過去分詞表被動。 5. The husband advised ______ to the south, but his wife advised him ______ up the idea.
A. moving; giving
B. to move; to give
C. moving; to give
D. to move; giving 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A。advise 后接動詞作賓語時，要用動名詞，不用不定式；但若其后接的動詞前有賓語，此動詞用作賓語補足語時，則此動詞要用不定式。 6. Charles Babbage was considered ______ the first telephone.
A. inventing
B. having invented
C. to invent
D. to have invented 【解析】選D。此題容易誤選A或B。consider可表示“考慮”和“認為”兩種意思。表示“考慮”時，其后不能接不定式，而接動名詞作賓語；表示“認為”時，則其后不接動名詞，但可接不定式的復合結構，即用于“consider＋賓語＋不定式”的結構，此題即為該結構的被動語態形式。而且從時間上看，invent 應在 be considered 之前，故應用完成式，即 to have invented，故選D。 7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting — I've got too much work ______.
A. to do to come
B. doing coming
C. to do coming
D. doing to come 【解析】選A。不定式 to do 與 have got much work 搭配，即 have got much work to do (有許多工作要做)；不定式 to come 與 much 前的 too 搭配，構成 too…to…句式，句意為“我有太多的工作要做，不能來”。 8. Whom would you rather ______ with you, Jim or Jack?
A. have go
B. have to go
C. have gone
D. has to go 【解析】選A。有的同學從一看選項便首先排除了A，認為 have go 這種結構本身就有問題。而事實上此題的正確答案正是 A。請同學們先看下面一句： I would rather have Jim go with me. (我寧愿要吉姆同我一道去。) 句中的 have 為使役動詞，所以其后用作賓語補足語的不定式 go with me 不帶 to。假若對此句中的 Jim 提問，就是 Whom would you rather have go with you? 9. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.
A. borrowed
B. borrowing
C. would borrow
D. had borrowed 【解析】選B。此題容易誤選A，認為 borrowed more money 與 solved the problem 為并列謂語。其實，根據上下文的語境，應選 B，即 borrowing more money與 reducing our costs并列。句意為“我們靠減少費用和多借錢的辦法解決了問題”。 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carried out
B. carrying out
C. carry out
D. to carry out 【解析】選A。此題結構比較復雜，正確的句子結構是這樣的： that they would like to see ______ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語從句，而在這個定語從句中，關系代詞 that (指先行詞 the plan)用作動詞 see 的賓語，所以定語從句的本來面目便是 they would like to see the plan ______ the next year。顯然，其中的 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動關系，故應填過去分詞 carried out。 第6講
非謂語動詞與with復合結構
考點1：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語
______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2024·陜西卷 15)
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand Ⅰ.非謂語動詞
【解析】選A。非謂語動詞短語后有逗號，說明非謂語動詞作題干的狀語。邏輯主語是句子的主語we，非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是主動關系，且其動作與謂語動詞wait的動作同時進行，用動詞Verb-ing的一般式，選A。 考點2：獨立成分作狀語 ______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.
A. Telling; going
B. To tell; going
C. Telling; to go
D. To tell; to go 【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語。 考點3：非謂語動詞的時態 例1: ______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2024·重慶卷 23) A. Having been asked B. To ask
C. Having asked D. To be asked 【解析】選A。逗號前為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關系，由此可排除B和C選項，D選項常作目的和結果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A選項為現在分詞完成式的被動形式，可作時間狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、伴隨狀語等。 考點3：非謂語動詞的時態 例2: George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. (2024·山東卷 26)
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
【解析】選A。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結果；現在分詞作結果狀語則表示自然的結果。這里George和tell之間是被動關系，因此用to be told。句意： 喬治戰爭后回到家，結果被告知妻子已經離開了。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語補足語：
例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ______. (2024·四川卷 12)
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash 【解析】選A。考查過去分詞作賓語補足語。此題中使役動詞get后接的賓語car與作賓語補足語的動詞wash之間為被動關系，構成短語： get sth. done。故答案選A。句意為： 在驅車進城之前，你必須將你的車洗了。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語補足語：
例2：I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2024·四川卷 8)
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound 【解析】選C。此題考查現在分詞作賓語補足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動關系且此動作正在進行，故選C。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 4. 作定語：
例1：We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2024·重慶卷 28)
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made 【解析】選A。分析句子結構可知，空白處為后置定語，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動關系，而且是將要發生的動作。由此可知，表示被動和將來的A選項符合題意。B表示被動進行；C表示被動完成；D表示被動完成，但不作定語。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 4. 作定語：
例2：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (2024·山東卷 35)
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide 【解析】選B。分析句子結構可知，空白處為后置定語，此處動詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動關系，在句中作定語，相當于which is provided。句意為： 完成并簽名后，請把表格放入我們提供的信封內送回。 考點4：非謂語動詞的句法功能 5. 不定式與現在分詞作結果狀語的區別：
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (2024·四川卷 6)
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found 【解析】選B。本題考查非謂語動詞。句意為： 湯姆乘的士趕到機場，結果卻發現他要乘坐的飛機已經飛入高空了。此處only后接動詞不定式表示意想不到的結果。 考點5: 非謂語動詞的省略形式
Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. (2024·全國新課標卷 32)
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
