高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)完形填空:考點(diǎn)解析7(課件)
專題三 │ 新題預(yù)測(cè)
19.A 這里承接上一段的兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)一步闡述早點(diǎn)開始攢錢的好處,所以應(yīng)該選擇in addition,意為“另外,除……之外”。
20.B 語(yǔ)境為:此外,從早些時(shí)候開始攢錢還意味著你可以無(wú)憂地按你想要的生活方式生活。consult意為“咨詢,商量”;rest意為“休息”;think意為“思考”。
專題四
說(shuō)明文型完形填空 專題四 說(shuō)明文型完形填空 專題四 │ 專題導(dǎo)讀
說(shuō)明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問(wèn)題從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)加以說(shuō)明,通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。說(shuō)明文一般有三類:一是實(shí)物性說(shuō)明文。包括說(shuō)明書、廣告、解說(shuō)詞、人物介紹、知識(shí)小品、知識(shí)注解等(實(shí)物是指國(guó)家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品);二是事理性說(shuō)明文。包括理論性解釋、文書簡(jiǎn)介、教材等(事理是指觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、名詞概念、學(xué)術(shù)流派等);三是文藝性說(shuō)明文。即把說(shuō)明對(duì)象擬人化,進(jìn)而編成故事,對(duì)其進(jìn)行介紹。
專題導(dǎo)讀 專題四 │ 專題導(dǎo)讀
具體特點(diǎn)為:
1. 開頭點(diǎn)題。做說(shuō)明文型完形填空時(shí),要明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是什么,是具體實(shí)物還是理論性概念。因此,明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。在近年的說(shuō)明文型完形填空題中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明文的寫作一般按時(shí)間順序(指先后順序),空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內(nèi)到外),邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次),認(rèn)識(shí)順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))。 專題四 │ 專題導(dǎo)讀 說(shuō)明文型完形填空短文層次清晰,整體性強(qiáng),所以,遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。說(shuō)明文往往較直白,寫作脈絡(luò)清晰,又沒(méi)有很多感情因素的摻入,所以就不會(huì)有過(guò)多的情感詞匯,自然不會(huì)有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據(jù)此特點(diǎn),我們便可以跟著“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,從而順利答題。
專題四 │ 真題典例 [2010·安徽卷]
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often,people buy a pen based only on __2__,and wonder
why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However,buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.
真題典例 專題四 │ 真題典例
First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers,you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top- heavy and unstable. 專題四 │ 真題典例
Then,the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly (均勻地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also
be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink,__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again. 專題四 │ 真題典例
__17__,the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine- line pens may __18__ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text,as,__20__,a signature on a printed letter. A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權(quán)威).
專題四 │ 真題典例
()1. A. many B. few
C. pleasant
D. important
()2. A. looks
B. reason
C. value
D. advantages
()3. A. once
B. if
C. because
D. though
()4. A. convenient
B. practical
C. strange
D. difficult 專題四 │ 真題典例
()5. A. heavy
B. easy
C. hard
D. safe
()6. A. taking
B. finding
C. determining
D. seeking
()7. A. stronger
B. weaker
C. smaller
D. larger
()8. A. prefer
B. recommend
C. prepare
D. demand 專題四 │ 真題典例
()9. A. hardly
B. also
C. never
D. still
()10. A. thick
B. light
C. long
D. soft
()11. A. change
B. allow
C. reduce
D. press
()12. A. They
B. One
C. This
D. Some 專題四 │ 真題典例
()13. A. thin
B. rough
C. black
D. smooth
()14. A. prevent
B. free
C. protect
D. remove
()15. A. way
B. sight
C. flow
D. stream
()16. A. so
B. as
C. and
D. yet
專題四 │ 真題典例
()17. A. Meanwhile
B. Generally
C. Afterwards
D. Finally
()18. A. show up
B. differ from
C. break down
D. compensate for
()19. A. attention
B. support
C. respect
D. admission
()20. A. at most
B. for example
C. in brief
D. on purpose 專題四 │ 真題典例
1.B 文章開頭說(shuō)人們很少注意選擇鋼筆,原因是手寫的東西很少。
2.A 人們買鋼筆主要基于樣子(looks)。
3.A 一旦使用才發(fā)現(xiàn)并不滿意。
4.D 如果按作者說(shuō)的做,買一支喜歡的鋼筆并不難。
5.B 買鋼筆要與手合適,使用起來(lái)容易。
6.C 鋼筆的粗度決定了使用時(shí)是否舒適。 專題四 │ 真題典例
7.D 手大的當(dāng)然要買粗一點(diǎn)的,與前文Having a small hand相呼應(yīng)。
8.A 根據(jù)句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗,你可能會(huì)更喜歡一支更粗的筆。”選A。recommend“推薦”;prepare“準(zhǔn)備”;demand“要求”,均不合句意。
9.B 鋼筆的長(zhǎng)度也影響舒適度。
10.C 太長(zhǎng)的筆拿著容易感到頭重,不穩(wěn)。
11.B 筆尖要使得墨水均勻流暢。
12.C 這一點(diǎn)(This)使得流利書寫成為可能。 專題四 │ 真題典例
13.D 根據(jù)前一句話“...allow the ink to flow evenly(均勻地) while
the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知:使你的書寫線條流暢。
14.A 不寫的時(shí)候,筆尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止;free from免于;protect...from保護(hù);remove from從……中移開(拿走,除掉)。
15.C
16.B 當(dāng)你拿筆或放筆的時(shí)候。 專題四 │ 真題典例
17.D 由上文First of all...,Then...可知這里應(yīng)用Finally。
18.D 好的筆可以彌補(bǔ)書寫差的缺點(diǎn)。show up使顯示出;differ from與……不同;break down損壞,發(fā)生故障;compensate for 賠償,補(bǔ)償損失。
19.A 和印刷體比較,寫得好(指簽名)也并不能引起注意。
20.B at most 至多;for example 例如;in brief 總之;on purpose故意地。 專題三 │ 專題導(dǎo)讀
議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種文體,它一般由三個(gè)要素組成:論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文型完形填空,最重要的是抓住作者的論點(diǎn)。不同的議論文論點(diǎn)的提出方式往往不同,大體有以下三種情況: 1. 開門見山地提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文在文章的一開始就提出論點(diǎn),然后再通過(guò)具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明論點(diǎn),論據(jù)有時(shí)候既有正面的論據(jù),也有反面的論據(jù),最后總結(jié)全文。
專題導(dǎo)讀 專題三 │ 專題導(dǎo)讀
2. 導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文會(huì)先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象,然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問(wèn)題提出自己的論點(diǎn),再用具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明自己的論點(diǎn)。
3. 最后提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文一開始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象,而不表明自己的觀點(diǎn),而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析,自然得出一種結(jié)論,這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點(diǎn)。對(duì)于純議論形式的完形填空,要在掌握全文主旨的情況下,抓住每段的首句,即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡(luò),理解文意就容易了。
專題三 │ 真題典例 [2009·福建卷]
Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,
__1__
all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times
__2__
his strong- minded grandfather was nearly
__3__, he loaded his family into the car and
__4__
them to see family members in Canada with a
__5__ “There are more important things in life than money.”
真題典例 專題三 │ 真題典例
The __6__
took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a
__7__
house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__
that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't.
__9__, their reaction echoed (共鳴) their great- grandfather's. What they
__10__
was how warm the people were in the house and how
__11__
of their heart was accessible.
專題三 │ 真題典例
Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children
__12__
hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__
in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in
storytelling events and festivals.
A university
__14__
of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to
__15__
parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
專題三 │ 真題典例
The __16__
is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that
__18__, “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__, and make eye contact (接觸) to create “a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is.
專題三 │ 真題典例
()1.A.issed
B.lost
C.forgot
D.Ignored
()2.A.when
B.while
C.how
D.Why
()3.A.friendless B.worthless
C.penniless D.homeless
()4.A.fetched
B.a(chǎn)llowed
C.expected D.took 專題三 │ 真題典例
()5.A.hope
B.promise
C.suggestion
D.Belief
()6.A.tale
B.a(chǎn)greement
C.a(chǎn)rrangement D.Report
()7.A.large
B.small
C.new
D.Grand
()8.A.surprised
B.a(chǎn)nnoyed
C.disappointed D.worried 專題三 │ 真題典例
()9.A.Therefore
B.Besides
C.Instead
D.Otherwise
()10.A.talked about
B.cared about
C.wrote about
D.heard about
()11.A.much
B.many
C.little
D.Few
()12.A.beyond
B.over
C.behind
D.through 專題三 │ 真題典例
()13.A.a(chǎn)rgument
B.skill
C.interest
D.Anxiety
()14.A.study
B.design
C.committee
D.Staff
()15.A.provide
B.retell
C.support
D.Refuse
()16.A.trouble
B.gift
C.fact
D.trick 專題三 │ 真題典例
()17.A.perform
B.write
C.hear
D.Question
()18.A.means
B.ends
C.begins
D.Proves
()19.A.needs
B.a(chǎn)ctivities
C.judgments
D.Habits
()20.A.that
B.what
C.which
D.whom 專題三 │ 真題典例
【要點(diǎn)綜述】 研究表明,給孩子們講述先輩們艱苦奮斗的故事不僅有助于他們渡過(guò)難關(guān),也可以緩解他們的精神壓力——減消生氣和焦慮。
1.B 他給他們講述了他爺爺——一位銀行家,在20世紀(jì)30年代失去了一切但沒(méi)有忘記他最重視的東西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空應(yīng)填lost。
2.A 首先要弄清本句的主句是:he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,再根據(jù)句意可知此處用表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。 專題三 │ 真題典例
3.C 根據(jù)上文________(lost) all in the 1930s可知本空答案應(yīng)為penniless(身無(wú)分文)。
4.D 爺爺用車把全家人帶到加拿大。take帶走;fetch去取;allow允許;expect期望。由題意可知,本題答案應(yīng)為D項(xiàng)。
5.D 空后的句子There are more important things in life than money為設(shè)空處的同位語(yǔ),而該句應(yīng)該是爺爺?shù)囊环N“信念”,不是“希望”、“諾言”和“建議”,故答案為D項(xiàng)。
6.A 根據(jù)首段最后一詞及第二段整段內(nèi)容可知本題答案為A。 專題三 │ 真題典例
7.B 本句改為:Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a … house后可知答案為B項(xiàng)。Guyer先生原來(lái)住的房子價(jià)格不菲,而且住起來(lái)非常舒適,而現(xiàn)在卻住在一所小房子里。