閱讀理解 第5講

　　猜測詞義的技巧

　　這類題要求考生利用已知信息，根據(jù)某個(gè)生詞或習(xí)慣用語在文章的上下文中尋找線索來猜測其詞義。通常情況下，出題者故意出那些超綱單詞或詞組，但考生通過上下文完全可以推測出其含義。這要求考生在平時(shí)的閱讀中養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，熟練掌握構(gòu)詞法，遇到生詞時(shí)不要急于自學(xué)庫，盡量通過文章語境來推測其意思。出題形式一般為：

　　1. The word/phrase “ ··· ”

　　most probably means

　　2. The word/ phrase “ ··· ” can be replaced by

　　我們通常可以用以下方法去推斷、猜測詞義：

　　1. 根據(jù)生活常識、構(gòu)詞法或上下文判斷詞義。如：The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.可猜出lintel為“門梁”之意。

　　2. 通過轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系， 或同義詞、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測詞義。如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all ··· handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思是“不英俊、不漂亮”。

　　我們通常可以用以下方法去推斷、猜測詞義：

　　3. 通過定義或句法功能來推測詞義。如: But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.我們通過“or”及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出，drought一詞是用來解釋“a dry period”，意為“干旱”。 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed, I’m sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, “The war is over!” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer. (

　　) What did the “service pins”(in Para.2) stand for in the eyes of the little girls?

　　A. Strength.

　　B. Courage.

　　C. Victory.

　　D. Honor.

　　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.可知這是令人感到自豪的東西，故service pins 代指honor。

　　剖析

　　閱讀理解 第5講

　　猜測詞義的技巧

　　這類題要求考生利用已知信息，根據(jù)某個(gè)生詞或習(xí)慣用語在文章的上下文中尋找線索來猜測其詞義。通常情況下，出題者故意出那些超綱單詞或詞組，但考生通過上下文完全可以推測出其含義。這要求考生在平時(shí)的閱讀中養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，熟練掌握構(gòu)詞法，遇到生詞時(shí)不要急于自學(xué)庫，盡量通過文章語境來推測其意思。出題形式一般為：

　　1. The word/phrase “ ··· ”

　　most probably means

　　2. The word/ phrase “ ··· ” can be replaced by

　　我們通常可以用以下方法去推斷、猜測詞義：

　　1. 根據(jù)生活常識、構(gòu)詞法或上下文判斷詞義。如：The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.可猜出lintel為“門梁”之意。

　　2. 通過轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系， 或同義詞、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測詞義。如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all ··· handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思是“不英俊、不漂亮”。

　　我們通常可以用以下方法去推斷、猜測詞義：

　　3. 通過定義或句法功能來推測詞義。如: But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.我們通過“or”及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出，drought一詞是用來解釋“a dry period”，意為“干旱”。 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. 例

　　(2009·湖北卷) A篇

　　The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed, I’m sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, “The war is over!” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer. (

　　) What did the “service pins”(in Para.2) stand for in the eyes of the little girls?

　　A. Strength.

　　B. Courage.

　　C. Victory.

　　D. Honor.

　　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.可知這是令人感到自豪的東西，故service pins 代指honor。

　　剖析