【高考預(yù)測(cè)】

　　短文改錯(cuò)題旨在考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正語篇錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具備扎實(shí)的語言功底，相當(dāng)高的語言運(yùn)用能力；此題涉及到詞匯、語法、慣用法、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等各個(gè)方面。但是，這種試題并不是檢測(cè)語法知識(shí)的，而是檢測(cè)考生寫作能力中的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Α＿@種能力是進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的必備能力，寫作的成效需要良好的寫作程序的支持，而在寫作程序中，檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰κ遣豢扇鄙俚囊亍０讯涛母腻e(cuò)當(dāng)作語法練習(xí)是對(duì)高考中短文改錯(cuò)的誤解。

　　一、短文改錯(cuò)題的解題步驟

　　1.通讀全文，掌握大意

　　短文改錯(cuò)不是單句改錯(cuò)，每一句的語意表達(dá)，結(jié)構(gòu)選擇是受土下文制約的。如謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的選擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷。因此，考生應(yīng)立足:于上下文，正確理解作者意圖，把握短文的題材、體裁、時(shí)態(tài)主線，人物和主要情節(jié)等，從整體上把握全文。

　　2.整句理解，逐行推敲

　　通讀全文，了解文章大意、寫作方式之后，要細(xì)致分析每一個(gè)完整的句子。應(yīng)把主要注與時(shí)間狀語或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致等。

　　2.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤

　　高考英語短文改錯(cuò)命題的一個(gè)重要方面就是考查連接手段。連詞使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成上下文無法銜接。英語中的詞與詞、句與句必須使用并列或從屬連詞將其連接起來，，要判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是讓步，從而選擇相應(yīng)的連詞。若為復(fù)合句，首先判斷屬:廠何種從句，然后根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用是否準(zhǔn)確或是否有遺漏或多余的現(xiàn)象。

　　3.平行結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤

　　在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)，形容詞與形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)，分詞與分詞對(duì)應(yīng)，不定式與不定式對(duì)應(yīng)，短語與短語對(duì)應(yīng)。它經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞and，or，but或連詞詞組not only...but also...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，as well as等。

　　4.非謂語動(dòng)詞形式上的錯(cuò)誤

　　主要考查不定式符號(hào)to的多余或遺漏；to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的辨認(rèn)(后跟動(dòng)詞原形考生對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的掌握情況。

　　8.詞語搭配的錯(cuò)誤

　　主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后缺少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型及習(xí)慣搭配等。

　　9.詞性分辨的錯(cuò)誤

　　詞在句中的位置及與其他詞所形成的修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系決定了其正確形式，詞在句中不同的句法功能要求使用與之相匹配的詞性。

　　10.行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤

　　短文改錯(cuò)中的行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤是最難改的一種錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)橐R(shí)別和改出某種錯(cuò)誤，考生必須細(xì)讀全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文邏輯發(fā)展順序的基礎(chǔ)上，作出正確判斷。

　　下面，我們以典型例題試題中幾道有代表意義的短文改錯(cuò)題來分析一下這些種類的錯(cuò)誤形式。

　　1. (2024精選模擬)短文改錯(cuò)

　　My car just wouldn’t move any further. It was complete

　　1.

　　dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold

　　2.

　　wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d

　　3.

　　have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a

　　4.

　　telephone. Actually, I didn’t have to walk far before I

　　5.

　　found a small house standing on a field with a light

　　6.

　　shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and

　　7.

　　was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the

　　8.

　　door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had

　　9.

　　no telephone, and it wasn’t one within walking distance,

　　10.

　　but offered to come and look at my car.

　　去分詞做表語。

　　9.but改為and.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

　　10.it改為there.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里當(dāng)是表示“存在有”的there be句型。

　　2.(典型例題改錯(cuò))

　　My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named him

　　Jack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us

　　1.

　　in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello” as we lay in

　　2.

　　bed in a morning. He also passed "Hello" to the cats when

　　3.

　　they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.

　　4.

　　We’d throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away

　　5.

　　and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch

　　6.

　　the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and

　　7.

　　sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack

　　8.

　　were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we

　　9.

　　would return at night to hear that he’d picked up from the

　　radio in the day.

　　10.

　　試題分析

　　8.去掉for.多余詞匯的錯(cuò)誤。按照文章的意思是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but，而不是表示“要不是”的but for。

　　9.were改為was.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。主語是表示單數(shù)意義的"the most wonderful thing".[

　　10.that改為what.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。賓語從句中 pick up 缺少賓語。

　　3.(2024精選模擬)

　　Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over

　　1.

　　the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since

　　2.

　　long ago, many adults and children called their friends together

　　3.

　　to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people

　　4.

　　like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords,

　　5.

　　they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are

　　6.

　　playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities

　　7.

　　for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.

　　8.

　　Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American

　　9.

　　big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.

　　10.

　　試題分析

　　10.sell改為buy．行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文意是“買票看球賽”。

　　4. (2024精選模擬)短文改錯(cuò)

　　Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often

　　1.

　　broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself,

　　2.

　　and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls,

　　3.

　　a car maker, was very interested in Royce’s car, but soon

　　4.

　　Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first

　　5.

　　model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the

　　6.

　　world’s record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down

　　7.

　　once. After the drive, it was cost just over ￡ 2 to put the car

　　8.

　　back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver

　　9.

　　Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”.

　　10.

　　試題解析

　　9.This改為It.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里是形式主語it

　　10.regarded后加as．固定搭配的錯(cuò)誤。短語regard as意為“把……認(rèn)為／看作”。

　　5.短文改錯(cuò)

　　There are advantage for students to work while1.

　　studying at school. One of them was that

　　2.

　　__

　　they can earn money, for the most part.

　　3.

　　students working to earn money for their own 4. __

　　use. Earning their own momey allow them

　　5. __

　　to spend on anything as if they please.

　　6. __

　　They would have to ask thier parents for

　　7. __

　　money or for permission to do things by

　　8. __

　　the money. Some students may also to save

　　9. __

　　up for our college or future use.

　　10.

　　__

　　試題分析

　　1.advantage改為advantages.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。此處 advantage表示“利益，益處”，可數(shù)名詞。

　　6.短文改錯(cuò)

　　Dear Mr. Brown,

　　I am writing to thank you with your kind help.

　　1.

　　Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in

　　2.

　　English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could

　　3.

　　only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.

　　4.

　　I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your

　　5.

　　encouraging words. I will always remember what you

　　6.

　　said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !”I hope you’ve

　　7.

　　had peasant journet home and will come to China

　　8.

　　again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9.

　　and send you the photos we take together.

　　10.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Min

　　試題分析

　　1.with改為for.固定用法錯(cuò)誤。thank sb. for sth為固定短語。

　　2.not改為no.否定詞用示錯(cuò)誤。ho修飾后面的名詞interest。

　　3.terribly改為terrible.形容詞副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。系表結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)用形容詞。

　　4.year改為years.名詞的數(shù)與格的錯(cuò)誤。一年半是復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　5.Engish后加is.句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。think后賓語從句中缺謂語。

　　6.正確。

　　7.去掉to.非謂語動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤。此處應(yīng)該省略to。

　　8.journey前加a.冠詞用法錯(cuò)誤。journey是可數(shù)名詞。

　　9.sometimes改為sometime.副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。Sometime表示未來的某個(gè)時(shí)候。

　　10.take改為took.時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用過去時(shí)。

　　Passage 1

　　Many many years ago there had a merchant

　　1.

　　答案: had改為was／lived

　　named Abul. He was the richer man in the

　　2.

　　答案: richer改為richest

　　country. He had large, strong boxes filling

　　3.

　　答案: filling改為filled

　　with gold, and his storehouses were full of

　　4.

　　答案: 正確

　　value goods. He owned land and houses and

　　5.

　　答案: value改為valuable

　　gardens. But though he was such rich, he

　　6.

　　答案: such改為so

　　spent least than the poorest beggar in the

　　7.

　　答案: least改為less

　　city. He ate only dates and breads, and wore

　　8.

　　答案: breads改為bread

　　his clothing for scores of years before he bought

　　9.

　　答案: clothing改為clothes

　　new ones. He had not bought new shoes since

　　10.

　　thirty years.

　　答案: since改為for

　　Passage 2

　　During this summer holiday I took part in special

　　1.

　　答案: special前加a

　　summer camp with some of my classmates. Where we

　　2.

　　答案: Where改為There

　　made some new friends who were senior students from

　　3.

　　答案: 正確

　　Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London.

　　4.

　　答案: in改為on

　　As hosts, we showed them around many places of interests

　　5.

　　答案: interests改為interest

　　in Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and

　　6.

　　答案: such后加as

　　the Summer Palace and we tell them about the changes

　　7.

　　答案: tell改為told

　　which had been taken place in Beijing. They said that

　　8.

　　答案: 去掉been

　　Beijing was quite different with what they had heard of and

　　9.

　　答案: with改為from

　　it was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp

　　10.

　　is of great value.

　　答案: beautifully改為beautiful

　　Passage 3

　　My dream is always to visit to London, England. I

　　1.

　　答案: 去掉第二個(gè)to

　　imagined London like a big city with some of the best

　　2.

　　答案: 1ike改為as

　　art shows in the world. This summer my dream come true

　　3.

　　答案: come改為came

　　when I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the

　　4.

　　答案: 1ived改為stayed

　　theatre area, but on the first day I took several long walks

　　5.

　　答案: but改為and

　　through the city staring all the famous buildings. Because

　　6.

　　答案: staring后加at

　　there is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different

　　7.

　　答案: wide前加a

　　theater every night to see different shows. The best was when

　　8.

　　答案: 正確

　　I went to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English

　　9.

　　答案: playing改為play

　　language-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation.

　　10.

　　答案: mostly改為most

　　Passage 4

　　During the summer holiday, I think I should do something

　　1.

　　答案: think改為thought

　　meaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food

　　2.

　　答案: instead后加of

　　restaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day

　　3.

　　答案: cleaner前加a

　　for three weeks.

　　The job was hard and bored and seemedendless,

　　4.

　　答案: bored改為boring

　　it made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way.

　　5.

　　答案: 第一個(gè)it改為which

　　After all, I stuck to it with determinations. Every day I started

　　6.

　　答案: determinations改為determination

　　off for work early in the morning and went to home late in the