2. He told me the news, believe it or not, ________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. as

　　D. because A　此題容易誤選B，誤認為這是非限制性定語從句。其實此題應選 A，that 引導的是一個用以修飾名詞 the news 的同位語從句。 3. Don't you know, my dear friend, ________ it is you that she loves?

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what C　此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實此題應選C，它引導的是一個賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。其實此句也可說成 My dear friend, don't you know that it is you that she loves? 4. 段落的結論句 結論句(Concluding sentence)也稱總結句，它標志著段落的結束，自然應位于一段的結尾。結論句可用來重述主題、提供問題的解決方式，對未來進行預測，提出問題讓讀者思考，或對全段內容加以概述。結論之前常會出現 in short, in a word, therefore等詞語。但并非所有的段落都需要結論句，有的也可采用自然結束的方式。

　　結論句在注意總結與呼應主題句的基礎上，用一個短短的感嘆句、問句、一句話概括、一個比喻、一句挑戰性的話或一句名言將全段“拔高”一下，效果會更好。 參閱下面主題句與結論句呼應的例子： ①

　　主題句： Only a mother's love is selfless love!

　　結尾句： What great love this is!

　　②

　　主題句： Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless.

　　結尾句： How important it is to read good books! 從以上的例子，我們可以清楚地看出主題句和結論句的關系，結論句在意思上和主題句保持一致，與主題句緊密呼應，但又不是簡單的重復。例①運用感嘆句，例②運用一句總結，它們都起到強化主題思想的作用，給讀者留下了較深的印象。 結論句并非必不可少，但它能起到以下的作用： (1)表示段落的結束； (2)總結要點，與主題句相呼應； (3)使讀者就本段落的主要內容和見解有一個深刻的印象或進行思考。 Ⅰ.閱讀下面一個段落，指出段落的三個主要結構 Life in the 21st Century ①Life in the 21st century will be very interesting. ② Perhaps we can go on a holiday to the moon, and some scientists may live under the sea. ③ Maybe we will have video telephones in every home.④ When we talk on the phone, we'll be able to see the person at the other end of the line. ⑤ Perhaps we will have a computer in every classroom.⑥ It would be able to help us do a lot of things such as solving difficult problems, reviewing our lessons, and doing our homework.

　　⑦ Perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day because there will be more educational programs on radio and television. ⑧ Maybe at that time every family will have a robot and it can do many kinds of housework for us. ⑨ Then what will we do with our extra time? ⑩ I think we may have more time to study and learn how to use and control these machines. ? Well, let's look at what wonderful life we will enjoy in the 21st century. 在這一段中，①為主題句，闡述段落的中心思想；②，③，④，⑤，⑥，⑦，⑧，⑩ 為擴展句，列舉事例來豐富和闡明中心思想；?為結論句，與主題相呼應，概括該段落的真正含義；⑨為過渡句。 Ⅱ.從下面方框內選擇適當的過渡詞填入空白處

　　In the past twenty years or so, great advances have taken place in the world. ______， we have seen one of the most important advances in agriculture — the Green Revolution. ______ this advance we can now produce more food with less land. ______， industry has been made more and more automatic. ______，few and few people are needed to operate factories and offices because of, first, second, as a result, therefore, finally, in addition . ______， to explore the unknown world, more and more satellites have been launched and more and more astronauts have been sent into outer space. ______， new products of all kinds have been produced. ______， our life has become much better and much comfortable. First; Because of; Second; Therefore; In addition; Finally; As a result Ⅲ.用所給主題句運用因果關系手法，將下列詞或短語組成一個連貫的段落 主題句：As a student, I completely agree with the suggestion that students should have a television lounge(休息室)． (1)necessary — keep pace — current affairs (2)solve the problem — noise in the classroom — because — no other place — relax (3)a good way — have some fun

　　As a student, I completely agree with the suggestion that students should have a television lounge. First, a TV lounge is necessary to those who want to keep pace with current affairs. Second, it can help solve the problem of the noise in the classrooms caused by the students who are chatting and laughing loudly because they have no place to go to relax. Indeed, many students want to have a place to relax after a day of hard work. Watching TV is a good way for the students to enrich their spare-time activities and have some fun. As a result, the opening of a TV lounge would be important both to the students who want to have a quiet place to study and to those who want to relax. 名詞性從句(1) 在主從復合句中，從句可以充當主句的主語、表語、賓語或同位語。由于在多數情況下，主語、表語、賓語或同位語這4種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當，所以，我們把這些作用相當于名詞的從句統稱為名詞性從句，把充當主語、表語、賓語或同位語的從句分別稱為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句或同位語從句。名詞性從句由連接詞(或關聯詞)引導。常用的連接詞有： 連接詞 作用 whether 是否 that (本身無詞義) 只起連接詞作用，引導從句，在從句中不作任何成分 who, whom, whose which 哪一個 what 什么，所……的 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語

　　when什么時候，where什么地方 how怎樣、怎么，why為什么 除了起連接詞作用外，還在從句中作狀語 疑問詞(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引導主語、賓語和表語從句。它們的特點是：①疑問詞有本身的詞義；②疑問詞在從句中擔當句子成分，如主語、賓語或狀語；③這種疑問詞引導的從句一律用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序。 She asked me where I had been.(賓語從句) What you have done might do harm to other people. (主語從句) What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend.(表語從句) 一、主語從句 1．that 引導主語從句時，that沒有意義，但不能省略。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. 她的頭發正在變白，這使她很不安。 That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 眾所周知，她是個富有的女人。 2．從句作主語時，多數情況下由 it 作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面，尤其是謂語部分(包括賓語)較短的情況下。 It wasn't very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。 It is important that he should come on time. 他按時來是很重要的。 3．whether 既可以引導主語從句也可以引導賓語從句，但if不能引導主語從句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能與or not 連用。作介詞賓語時不用if。 Whether I knew John doesn't matter. ＝ It doesn't matter whether I knew John.

　　我是否認識約翰沒有關系。 Whether or not she'll come isn't clear. ＝ Whether she'll come or not isn't clear. ＝ It isn't clear whether… 她是否來還不清楚。 It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.

　　這完全取決于我們是否能得到他們的合作。 She asked me whether/if you were married. 她向我打聽你是否結婚。 二、賓語從句 在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。 1．that 引導的賓語從句： that 沒有意義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。 I really feel she's making a mistake. 我的確感到她正犯錯誤。 Hearing that her son was badly wounded, she hurried to the hospital to see him. 聽說兒子受了重傷，她急忙趕到醫院去看望他。 2．whether/if (是否)引導的賓語從句：如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不與or not連用。 He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問我是否認識約翰。 Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能來還是不能來，告訴我一聲。 3．在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞的賓語從句中，否定不用在從句中，而是將think 等詞變為否定形式。 I don't think the film is interesting. 我覺得這部電影沒什么意思。 I don't suppose we are going outing tomorrow. 我認為我們明天不會出去郊游。 4．如果從句作賓語而后面還有補語，為了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放在句尾。常跟這樣的復合賓語的動詞有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take…for granted等。 George made it clear that he opposed this project. 喬治已明確表示他反對這個項目。 I took it for granted that you'd stay with us. 我想當然認為你會和我們待在一起。 三、同位語從句 同位語從句是對名詞的內容給予具體、詳細的說明。常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位語從句常用的引導詞為that，有時也用when, where 等疑問詞。 The idea that you can do this task well without thinking is quite wrong. 你認為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。 The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困難在于我們缺乏資金這個事實。 注意：同位語從句的that 只是引導詞，沒有其他語法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定語從句中的that 除了引導定語從句外，還是定語從句的一個成分，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。 The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense.

　　他在會議上提出的這個想法簡直荒謬。(定語從句) No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 沒有人對他將成為他們的老板這一事實感到高興。(同位語從句) 四、表語從句 表語從句位于主句的連系動詞之后，在非正式文體中引導詞that可以省略。 That's why I have come. 那就是我為什么來了。 What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us.

　　我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。 此外，表語從句還可由as if (好像)引導。 It looked as if it was/were going to rain. 好像要下雨了。 五、形容詞后的that從句 that引導的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等。 I am sure/certain that he's at home now. 我肯定他現在在家。 I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有點擔心她做不成這件事情。 六、what 從句的小結 1．意思是“所……的事/物”， 相當于the thing(s) that…， that which…， 或those which… 可以用于以下情況： (1)引導主語從句 What is gone is gone. 過去的事就過去了。 (2)引導表語從句 He's not what he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了。 (3)引導賓語從句，包括介詞賓語 He could not express what he felt. 他不能表達他的感受。 As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作為你的朋友，我想告訴你我所聽到的。 I don't care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金錢或者別人所謂的地位。

　　2．用作插入語，指代后面的成分。這和非限定性定語從句正好相反，非限定性定語從句指代的是前面的成分。 It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 這是本很有用的書，再說也不貴。 3．引導讓步狀語從句，等于“不管什么……”。注意狀語從句的語序。 Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going.(＝No matter what may come，…) 不管她會做什么，她都編不出不去的理由。 Come what may, you'll always keep it secret.(＝No matter what she would do，…) 無論怎樣，你都要保守秘密。 1. She promised ________ he had enough money she would marry him.

　　A. that

　　B. if

　　C. that if

　　D. if that

　　C　其余幾項均有可能誤選。句子的正常詞序為 She promised that she would marry him if he had enough money. 由于將條件狀語從句 if he had enough money 插入動詞 promised 與其賓語從句之間，從而導致許多同學誤選。另外，本來動詞 promise 后接賓語從句時，引導賓語從句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英語習慣，當動詞與其賓語從句之間插有其他成分時，引導賓語從句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此題不宜選B。 Module 6 Unit 1

　　Laughter is good for you（2） 1、 make sure 弄明白，設法確保 ◆To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.

　　為了確定他在家，我事先打電話給他。 ◆Make sure that you put down every word she says.

　　切實要記下她說的每一個字。 ◆Make sure the central heating is off.

　　集中供暖設備一定要關掉。 ◆It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered.

　　今晚大概會有霜凍，一定要把花草都遮蓋好。 ◆Make sure that the sign's the right way up.

　　一定要把符號的上下弄對。

　　make believe 假裝

　　　make it 及時到達；成功

　　　make love (to) 向……求愛

　　　make one's way 前去；去

　　　make up 和好；化妝；捏造，虛構(故事、詩等) 　make up for 補償 　make out of… 用……制造， 理解， 了解

　　make the bed 鋪床 　make the tea 沏茶 　make coffee 煮咖啡 　make a close study 仔細研究 　make a claim 要求 　make a plain 訂計劃 　make certain 弄清楚，搞確實 我想把這個問題弄明白。 I tried to 　 the problem. make sure of 2、 take on 接納，雇用；開始從事；呈現新的面貌 ◆The factory is taking on more men.

　　那個工廠將招收更多的工人。 ◆He was always ready to take on the hardest job.

　　他總是愿意干最艱難的工作。 ◆The land around the lake took on a different look.

　　湖四周的土地面貌發生了變化。 ◆This old term has taken on a new meaning.

　　這個舊詞有了新的意義。

　　take a chance 碰運氣 　take a vote 表決 　take advantage of 利用 　take…as… 把……當作…… 　take care 當心，注意 　take charge of 負責，掌管 　take…for example 以……為例 　take hold of 抓住 　take in 吸收；領會；訂閱 　be taken in 被欺騙 　take interest in 對……感興趣 　take it easy 放松 　take notice of 注意 　take off 脫掉；起飛；打折扣 　take a day off 休假一天 　take office 就職

　　take over 接管 　take part in 參加 　take place 發生，舉行 　take pride in 以……為自豪 　take the place of 代替 　take turns 輪流 　take up 開始(學習、活動等)；討論；從事；占用

　　①Advice has been given that we should ______ the fine weather these days to get in all the crops.

　　A. take charge of

　　B. take advantage of

　　C. take account of

　　D. take notice of ①B　這里表示“充分利用”好天氣把所有的莊稼收回來。

　　②My study of biology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.

　　A. taken in

　　B. taken down

　　C. taken up

　　D. taken away ②C　生物科的學習占去了我大量的業余時間。

　　③After the students put up a Christmas tree in the centre, the classroom __________ a holiday appearance.

　　同學們在教室中央放了一棵圣誕樹，教室里呈現出一派節日景象。 ③took on　

　　④The story then ______ a classic love triangle between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.

　　故事隨后演繹了發生在卡拉夫、圖蘭朵和柳兒之間的經典三角戀情。 ④takes on 3、 hold out

　　維持；保持；帶來(希望)；使有(可能)；拿出 ◆How long can we hold out against these attacks?

　　我們對這些攻擊能抵抗多久？ ◆His parents hold out much hope for his education in university.

　　他的父母對他的大學學習抱很大的希望。 　hold back 阻止，阻擋 　hold on 別掛；等一等；堅持 　hold on to 堅守；保留(房屋、財產等)；抓住 　hold water 經得起檢驗，站得住腳 — Is Peter there? — ______ (稍等) please. I'll see if I can find him for you. Hold on 4、 make fun of 取笑 ◆People make fun of her because she always speaks foolishly.

　　人們嘲笑她，因為她常說傻話。

　　It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer.

　　嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。

　　◆Don't make fun of the poor boy.

　　不要取笑那個可憐的孩子。

　　◆That will teach him a lesson! It doesn't pay to make fun of the law, my man!

　　那會給他一個教訓！與法律開玩笑絕不會有好下場，我的老弟。

　　Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying ‘Laughter is the best medicine', may be true after all. 無論什么原因，最后研究顯示，英語諺語“笑是最好的良藥，”也許是真的。 這是一個復合句，其中含有一個whatever 引導的讓步狀語從句，reason 后面省略了is，另外that引導一個賓語從句。 ①Whatever/No matter what　 ① happens, I'll be right there for you. 不管發生什么，我都會站在你這邊。 ②whatever ②The pandas are very dear to human beings. So people have been doing they take to save them. 熊貓是人類親密的朋友。所以人們竭盡所能去拯救它們。 1. A　本題考查非謂語動詞。keep ＋sb./sth.＋done，根據句意，sb.與它后面的動詞構成被動關系，故選A。 1. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.(2010·上海)

　　A. amused

　　B. amusing

　　C. to amuse

　　D. to be amused 2. C　表示成千上萬的外賓被吸引來參加上海的世博會。 2. Thousands of foreigners were ________ to

　　the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(2010·江蘇)

　　A. attended

　　B. attained

　　C. attracted

　　D. attached

　　3. D　考查名詞性從句。該空引導賓語從句，根據句意“辦公室中沒人知道她為什么如此生氣”可判斷選D項。 3. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ________ she was so angry.(2010·湖南)