專題二　高瞻遠矚——鎖定主旨大意類題目

　　Passage

　　1

　　體裁：記敘文　話題：感人故事　時間：7分鐘

　　(2024·廣東卷，B)It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收費站)．“I'm paying for myself，and for the six cars behind me，”she said with a smile，handing over seven tickets.One after another，the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed，“Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”

　　It turned out that the woman，Natalie Smith，had read something on a friend's refrigerator：“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.

　　Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home.When it stayed on her mind for days，she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters，“like a message from above.”Her husband，Frank，liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students，one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson，a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper，admitting that though she liked it，she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.

　　Two days later，Alice got a call from Anne Herbert，a woman living in Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper，after turning it around in her mind for days.

　　“Here's the idea，”Anne says.“Anything you think there should be more of，do it randomly.”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools，leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town，and giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says，“Kindness_can_build_on_itself_as_much_as_violence_can.”

　　The acts of random kindness spread.If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid，who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.Like all great events，kindness begins slowly，with every single act.Let it be yours!

　　【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，記述了“隨意的善舉是可以傳播的”感人故事。

　　1．Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?

　　A．She knew the car drivers well.

　　B．She wanted to show kindness.

　　C．She hoped to please others.

　　D．She had seven tickets.

　　解析　事實細節題。第一段說Natalie Smith為其后面的六輛車交費，是她因看到的“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty”這句話給了她深刻印象，她是受這句話的啟發，“想給他人施恩”，故選B。

　　答案　B

　　2．Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she

　　________.

　　A．thought it was beautifully written

　　B．wanted to know what it really meant

　　C．decided to write it on a warehouse wall

　　D．wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom

　　解析　事實細節題。由第三段第三句“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters可知，選A。

　　答案　A

　　3．Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?

　　A．Judy Foreman. B．Natalie Smith.

　　C．Alice Johnson. D．Anne Herbert.

　　解析　事實細節題。由第四段中的“It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper”可知，是Anne Herbert想出這句話來的。

　　答案　D

　　4．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence above?

　　A．Kindness and violence can change the world.

　　B．Kindness and violence can affect one's behavior.

　　C．Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.

　　D．Kindness and violence can shape one's character.

　　解析　詞義猜測題。本段中先是Anne Herbert解釋她想出的那句話意為：你認為(生活中或世界上)應該多一些存在的事，那么你就隨意去做這樣的事。接著說她想象中的這類事包括“給破舊教室粉墻”“在窮人區的廚房里留下熱飯”等善舉。那么該段結尾的話“善舉和暴力一樣可以在它們自己的基礎上建立起來”，可知“善舉同暴力一樣是可以自我繁衍的”，故選C。

　　答案　C

　　5．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A．People should practice random kindness to those in need.

　　B．People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.

　　C．People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.

　　D．People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.

　　解析　推理判斷題。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知：受到恩惠的人很可能會施惠于他人，將恩惠傳播下去。

　　答案　B

　　Passage

　　2

　　體裁：記敘文　話題：人物故事　時間：6分鐘

　　(2024·福建卷)It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.

　　Walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me，“Mum，it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”

　　At the front of the supermarket，a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，”he said.I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it，”she replied.“I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”

　　By now paramedics(急救人員)had arrived，and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.

　　Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”

　　At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”

　　The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.

　　【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，記述了五歲小男孩Tenyson為了使摔倒的老太太開心，向花攤買花并送給老太太的動人故事。

　　1．What does the author intend to tell us?

　　A．One can never be too careful.

　　B．Actions speak louder than words.

　　C．Love begins with a little smile.

　　D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy.

　　解析　推理判斷題。盡管老人受傷嚴重，但是仍然向作者的兒子露出了微笑。由此可見一個小小的善舉都可帶來快樂。故選D項。

　　答案　D

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.

　　B．Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support.

　　C．Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.

　　D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture.

　　解析　事實細節題。根據第三段中so we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.可知Tenyson的主意獲得了他母親的支持，故選B項。

　　答案　B

　　3．The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“________”．

　　A．astonished B．struck

　　C．frightened D．excited

　　解析　詞義猜測題。根據he said he was just too scared to go up to her可猜出“intimidated”意思是“害怕的”。故選C項。

　　答案　C

　　4．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Flower Power

　　B．Mother's Day

　　C．An Accidental Injury

　　D．An Embarrassing Moment

　　解析　主旨大意題。盡管老人受傷嚴重，但是仍然向作者的兒子露出了微笑。所以最好的題目應該是鮮花的力量，故選A項。

　　答案　A

　　.仿真、模擬

　　Passage

　　1

　　體裁：議論文　話題：如何減壓　時間：6分鐘

　　Our children feel stressed out by an educational system that actually uses stress as an educational technique.It's a constant pressure of homework deadlines，essays and exams.And our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life.They'll end up nowhere if they don't pass this or that exam.Our educational system is based on a very Western idea that life is a struggle and you'd better measure up.It's survival of the fittest.While there is some truth to this，not as much as people think.

　　Our ancestors didn't develop a constant stress environment.Back then，stress came quickly and was over quickly，it wasn't like the stress of modern education.Stress was originally just a short-term biological response to danger；however，the constant stress of modern education rarely stops.It's long term，at least ten years and usually more.

　　Recent research has shown that the neurological(神經系統的)response to stress is the same response that is found in depression.So，what's the solution? A number have been proposed，including but not limited to the following.

　　________.Exercise consumes energy that would otherwise build up in the stress response and could cause physical and mental problems.

　　Teach relaxation exercises.Allowing the mind and body to relax cuts off the stress response and reduces the neurological fatigue，enabling the individual to recover at least somewhat.

　　Pay attention to thinking.Training the stressed student to pay attention to his or her own mind to a point where he or she is sufficiently aware to shut off the stress response when necessary.

　　Of course，there's a logical answer to the problem.Just rearrange our teaching methods to encourage，rather than prevent，the natural curiosity and joy in learning that we are all born with.This would remove the stress and probably cut learning time in half.

　　【語篇導讀】　在現行教育制度下，孩子們的壓力很大，已經不堪重負了。作為家長和老師，應該怎樣有效的幫助孩子減壓呢？

　　1．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Dealing with stress in modern education.

　　B．Helping children live a happy life.

　　C．Getting rid of the modern education.

　　D．Taking measures to learn at school.

　　解析　主旨大意題。這是一篇議論文，講述了現行教育制度下，如何幫助孩子擺脫壓力。故選A項。

　　答案　A

　　2．Children feel stressed because ______.

　　A．they dislike the educational technique

　　B．they have no ability to finish their homework

　　C．they are convinced high grades are important

　　D．they suffer numbers of failures in their life

　　解析　細節理解題。依據文章第一段的our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life可知，孩子們很小的時候就被告知考試失敗意味著他們生活中也會失敗。故選C項。

　　答案　C

　　3．How did our ancestors treat education?

　　A．They thought education was the only way to success.

　　B．They felt education could bring short-term stress.

　　C．They believed education could bring the best out.

　　D．They knew the importance of good education.

　　解析　推理判斷題。依據文章第二段的Back then，stress came quickly and was over quickly可知，我們的祖先那時候，在教育方面壓力來得快，也很快結束，是短期行為，故選B項。

　　答案　B

　　4．Which of the following is the best for the blank?

　　A．Make sure that kids get exercise.

　　B．Quite a few children avoid exercise.

　　C．Try to save energy as much as possible.

　　D．Set a few limits to your physical activities.

　　解析　推理判斷題。運動消耗能量，否則這些能量引起壓力反應，可能會導致身體和心理問題。因此讓孩子們參加運動，這樣可以減壓。故選A項。

　　答案　A

　　5．If you are a teacher in a high school ______.

　　A．you should relax yourself as far as possible

　　B．you should ignore the stressed student

　　C．you should leave students in a good mood

　　D．you should stick to your teaching methods

　　解析　細節理解題。依據文章尾段可知，老師應該鼓勵孩子們的好奇心，讓孩子們在愉悅中學習。故選C項。

　　答案　C

　　Passage

　　2

　　體裁：說明文　話題：網絡時代　時間：6分鐘

　　Think about how many ways there are for you to communicate today.You can send a letter or pick up the phone and make a call.But today，one of the most popular ways to communicate is called instant messaging(IM)．In any instant messaging system，you type a little text message on your computer，press the “Send” button，and your message instantly shows up on your friend's screen.But how does it work?

　　Actually，the whole process is very cool.In the 1980s，you could sit down at a computer at any big university.Up to 100 people would be logged in and share the computer because these computers were very expensive.You could type a command to send an instant message to anyone logged in the same computer.It felt like everyone was connected together no matter where they were sitting.

　　Today，you can communicate with anyone in the world.All you need is an instant messaging program installed on your computer.There are many programs to choose from.AOL's instant messenger is probably the most popular right now.MSN has one.Google has Google Talk.

　　When you're ready，you create an account.Next，you need to figure out the IM names your friends use.Add their IM names to your IM program.Click on the friend you want to talk to and then type away.When you click “Send”，your friend gets the message instantly.

　　But behind the scenes，amazing things are happening.Your IM program is communicating with a computer，called a server，which could be just down the road or even in some other city.All your friends' computers are communicating with a server，too.Your computer is constantly chatting with it

　　to make everything happen.The network called the Internet makes it all possible.

　　【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了目前網上最流行的交流方式——即時通信。

　　1．What could be the best title of the passage?

　　A．Different Ways of Communication

　　B．The Easiest Way to Talk to a Friend

　　C．How to Send Instant Messages

　　D．Development of Communication

　　解析　主旨大意題。根據第一段的后兩句及整篇文章的內容可知，該文介紹的是如何發送即時消息，所以選C項作標題最合適。

　　答案　C

　　2．Why did so many people share a computer in the 1980s?

　　A．Because they wanted to be connected to each other.

　　B．Because few people could afford to buy computers.