2024屆高考英語二輪復習專題（江蘇專用）：書面表達

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　　第五部分書面表達

　　《普通高中英語課程標準》對語言技能目標(八級)“寫”的要求如下：(1)能根據(jù)所讀文章進行轉(zhuǎn)述或?qū)懻?2)能根據(jù)文字及圖表提供的信息寫短文或報告；(3)能寫出語意連貫且結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文，敘述事情或表達觀點和態(tài)度；(4)能在寫作中做到文體規(guī)范、語句通順。從要求來看，書面表達是綜合性很強的題目，目的是考查學生的英語表達能力，看其是否能夠運用所學的英語知識和掌握的技能進行思想交流。因此，考生應做到：(1)主題明確；(2)內(nèi)容充實；(3)結(jié)構(gòu)合理；(4)邏輯性強；(5)語言準確得體。

　　2024—2024高考江蘇卷書面表達出題形式、體裁和話題等一覽表

　　年份寫作類型出題形式體裁話題詞數(shù)要求

　　2024 材料＋圖形＋提綱半開放文字提示、圖形議論文交通現(xiàn)狀及產(chǎn)生的原因 150左右

　　2024 提綱式文字信息類半開放文字提示議論文評價英語詞匯進入中文詞典的現(xiàn)象 150左右

　　2024 看圖寫作半開放圖畫夾敘夾議行動勝于語言 150左右

　　通過對近三年高考英語書面表達題的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，考查內(nèi)容在從傳統(tǒng)的單純知識型向現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)新能力型轉(zhuǎn)變，寫作文體以議論文為主，半開放類占主流。這充分體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代高考旨在考查考生能否在體驗現(xiàn)代生活發(fā)展節(jié)奏、把握時代脈搏的同時，將所學知識與具體實踐結(jié)合起來并靈活運用的能力。考查特點歸納如下：

　　1．寫作體裁與知識的實際運用密切結(jié)合

　　近三年的江蘇卷以議論文為主，對日常生活中發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象進行評析。寫作話題貼近實際生活，突出了對考生處理現(xiàn)實生活實際問題的能力的考查。

　　2．突出考查考生的想象力和創(chuàng)新能力

　　近三年的書面表達的寫作內(nèi)容都是來自于生活的真實情景。需要考生根據(jù)自身的生活閱歷展開合理想象，創(chuàng)設(shè)合情合理的語境。

　　3．半開放式已成主流

　　近幾年來，江蘇卷書面表達全部為半開放式寫作。這種考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“內(nèi)容要點”的限制可以適當發(fā)揮。但這同時也對考生的寫作能力提出了更高的要求。

　　4．高考趨勢

　　從高考書面表達的發(fā)展趨勢看，2024年高考書面表達在體裁和題材上應該會保持相對穩(wěn)定，寫作類型及提示形式也不會有太大的變化。

　　一、13類常見失分點

　　1．主謂不一致

　　(1)Three years have passed before we knew it.[誤]

　　Three years has passed before we knew it.[正]

　　(2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.[誤]

　　Every man and every woman likes surfing the Internet here.[正]

　　(3)Many a student have chatted online.[誤]

　　Many a student has chatted online.[正]

　　2．時態(tài)不一致

　　(1)They talked and talked and soon the bus comes.[誤]

　　They talked and talked and soon the bus came.[正]

　　(2)He said that he will come to see me soon.[誤]

　　He said that he would come to see me soon.[正]

　　(3)If you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.[誤]

　　If you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.[正]

　　3．詞類誤用

　　(1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.[誤]

　　She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.[正]

　　(2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.[誤]

　　After the work，we went home，tired and hungry.[正]

　　(3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.[誤]

　　Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.[正]

　　4．邏輯不一致

　　(1)I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.[誤]

　　I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.[正]

　　(2)He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.[誤]

　　He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.[正]

　　(3)Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.[誤]

　　Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red or pale.[正]

　　5．代詞替代不一致

　　(1)There are so many flowers in the flower shop that I don’t know what to buy.[誤]

　　There are so many flowers in the flower shop that I don’t know which to buy.[正]

　　(2)It is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[誤]

　　It is we that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[正]

　　(3)She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed it to me.[誤]

　　She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed them to me.[正]

　　6．介詞多余

　　(1)Work hard，and you will make it at some time.[誤]

　　Work hard，and you will make it some time.[正]

　　(2)At the first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[誤]

　　The first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[正]

　　(3)Considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.[誤]

　　Considering everything，the plan is quite practical.[正]

　　7．連詞多余

　　(1)She sent me an email，asking whether how I was getting along with my classmates.[誤]

　　She sent me an email，asking how I was getting along with my classmates.[正]

　　(2)If one more minute，and we can do it easily.[誤]

　　One more minute，and we can do it easily.[正]

　　(3)Because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.[誤]

　　Because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.[正]

　　8．冠詞多余

　　(1)As we know，the Sunday is the first day of a week.[誤]

　　As we know，Sunday is the first day of a week.[正]

　　(2)I prefer this kind of a fruit.[誤]

　　I prefer this kind of fruit.[正]

　　(3)Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.[誤]

　　Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.[正]

　　9．句子成分短缺

　　(1)We all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[誤]

　　We are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[正]

　　(2)What known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[誤]

　　What is known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[正]

　　(3)What puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[誤]

　　What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[正]

　　10．及物與不及物動詞誤用

　　(1)All flights this morning have put off because of the thick fog.[誤]

　　All flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.[正]

　　(2)The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish for it.[誤]

　　The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish me for it.[正]

　　(3)It is known that everything depends the sunlight for growth.[誤]

　　It is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.[正]

　　11．非謂語動詞誤用

　　(1)He admitted to make a mistake.[誤]

　　He admitted making a mistake.[正]

　　(2)She objects to be treated like a child.[誤]

　　She objects to being treated like a child.[正]

　　(3)I regret saying that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[誤]

　　I regret to say that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[正]

　　(4)The desk needs to repair.[誤]

　　The desk needs repairing./The desk needs to be repaired.[正]

　　(5)My parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.[誤]

　　My parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.[正]

　　(6)They were made work hard all day long.[誤]

　　They were made to work hard all day long.[正]

　　(7)I find it easy to be done.[誤]

　　I find it easy to do.[正]

　　(8)Comparing with you，I still have a long way to go.[誤]

　　Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.[正]

　　(9)Everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.[誤]

　　Everything taken into consideration，it is a good plan.[正]

　　12．搭配錯誤

　　(1)As time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[誤]

　　With time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[正]

　　(2)The bridge is in construction.[誤]

　　The bridge is under construction.[正]

　　(3)So far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[誤]

　　As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[正]

　　(4)The thief ran to the direction of the hill.[誤]

　　The thief ran in the direction of the hill.[正]

　　(5)It is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[誤]

　　There is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[正]

　　(6)It wasn’t long when we got to the cinema.[誤]

　　It wasn’t long before we got to the cinema.[正]

　　13．漢語式表達

　　(1)This is my first time visit to Beijing.[誤]

　　This is my first visit to Beijing.[正]

　　(2)I like Taiji and it is my most favorite sport.[誤]

　　I like Taiji and it is my favorite sport.[正]

　　(3)Our school is two miles far away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[誤]

　　Our school is two miles away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[正]

　　(4)After he returned back，he began to work at once.[誤]

　　After he returned，he began to work at once.[正]

　　(5)Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one better.[誤]

　　Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one.[正]

　　二、高分技巧

　　1．恰當使用連詞、連接副詞等連接句子，可使文章邏輯性強，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，層次清晰，意義貫通。

　　Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.After that，I swept and mopped the floors.(2024·陜西)

　　2．恰當選用“貼切、地道的高級詞匯”。

　　從書面表達的評分標準可知，運用高級詞匯對提高書面表達的“檔次”和得分至關(guān)重要。通過構(gòu)詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞來代替常見的詞語是選用恰當詞匯的有效途徑。如下表所列近義詞，用高級詞匯代替普通詞匯，會取得比較好的效果。

　　普通詞匯高級詞匯普通詞匯高級詞匯

　　think of come up with，occur to，have an idea explain account for

　　thank appreciate most the majority of

　　should be supposed to look after attend to

　　be＋adj. be of＋n. least the minority of

　　like be crazy about，be absorbed in，be addicted to as long as on condition that

　　different various，a variety of tired be worn out

　　busy be engaged in during in the course of

　　tell inform sb.of，inform sb.that sometimes occasionally，once in a while

　　3.適當使用含有“較為豐富的語法結(jié)構(gòu)”的高級句式。

　　感嘆句、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、特殊句式、名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動詞等都屬于較復雜的“語法結(jié)構(gòu)”。這些結(jié)構(gòu)的正確、交替使用，可以使文章的語言充滿層次感，從而較好地反映作者的語言運用能力。此外，正確使用一些諺語也能給文章增色不少。

　　(1)感嘆句

　　①What a meaningful day it was！(2024·北京，書面表達二)

　　這是多么有意義的一天啊！

　　②How happy I will be！How I wish I could be younger than now！(2024·重慶，寫作一)

　　我太開心了！我多么希望能夠比現(xiàn)在年輕一點！

　　(2)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　In the picture，a boy is fully absorbed in a book made of bamboo，with several more scrolls lying on one end of his desk.(2024·福建)

　　圖畫中，一個男孩在全神貫注地讀一本由竹子做成的書，桌子的一邊放著很多卷書。

　　(3)特殊句式

　　①Can you tell us when and where？(2024·安徽)

　　你能告訴我們什么時間以及在哪里嗎？

　　②It shows that it is hard work and determination rather than outer conditions that play a vital role in shaping a great mind.(2024·福建)

　　這表明成為一個偉大人物的決定因素是艱苦的工作及毅力而不是外部條件。

　　③It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(2024·江蘇)

　　重要的是遵守這些規(guī)則的人們。

　　④Not only do they offer you joy and excitement，but also they encourage you to think critically.(2024·天津)

　　它們不僅可以讓你們開心和興奮，而且還激勵你們進行批判性思考。

　　(4)名詞性從句

　　①I wonder if you’d like to go with me.(2024·北京，書面表達一)

　　我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。

　　②With the development of medical technology，we can detect whether people have major illnesses and predict whether people have a preference for food by using saliva sample，and remind people to take appropriate exercise.(2024·廣東，基礎(chǔ)寫作)

　　隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們能診斷人們是否得了什么重要疾病并能通過唾液樣本預測人們對食物的偏好，同時提醒人們進行適當?shù)腻憻挕?/p>

　　③It is just what I want.(2024·四川)

　　這正是我想要的。

　　④I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.(2024·重慶，寫作二)

　　如果你能提供更多的信息我將不勝感激。

　　(5)定語從句

　　①If they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life.(2024·廣東，讀寫任務(wù))

　　如果他們在考試中經(jīng)常作弊，他們就會養(yǎng)成一個壞習慣，這將會對他們的生活產(chǎn)生壞的影響。

　　②From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.(2024·湖北)

　　這次經(jīng)歷使我明白了質(zhì)疑是幫助我們探尋真理的橋梁。

　　③My teacher may think I am excellent and that I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.(2024·湖南)

　　我的老師可能認為我優(yōu)秀并能學好習，這樣能使我更加自信。