be related to與……有關 be used to習慣于 belong to屬于 take to開始從事于 object to反對 get down to開始做 get close to接近于 see to負責，注意 【即境活用15】 More attention should be paid________good habits of reading carefully. A．for forming

　　B．to form C．to forming

　　D．in forming [解析]pay attention to doing 注意做……。 [答案]C 5．come into being 形成；產生；開始存在 New China came into being in 1949.新中國誕生于1949年。 come into force(法律)實施 come into effect

　　生效 in being

　　存在的；現有的 bring...into being

　　使……形成；使……產生 for the time being

　　暫時；眼下 【易錯提示】 come into being 中being 可換成existence，該短語不能用被動語態。 【即境活用16】 After a heated discussion at the meeting，a new plan came________being，which would have a great effect________the culture life of the people. A．into；for

　　B．to；to

　　C．from；at

　　D．into；on [解析]come into being 開始存在；have an effect on 對……有影響。 [答案]D

　　1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long_before humans came into being. 千百萬年前恐龍就在地球上生活，比人類的出現要早得多。

　　【考點歸納】 (1)long before 相當于long long ago，意為“很久以前”，常用于過去時或過去完成時的句子中作時間狀語，before 后邊可以跟從句。 (2)before long 相當于soon 或a little later，意為“不久；不久以后”，常與將來時、過去時態連用，在句中作狀語，不可以直接加從句。 (3)It is/was not long before＋從句　不久就…… It will not be long before＋從句　過不了多久就…… (主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時) (4)It will be long before＋從句　要過很久才…… ①It won't be long before he goes abroad. 不久之后他就要出國。 ②The result of the exam will come out before long. 考試結果不久就會出來。 ③I had heard of him long before I came here. 早在我來這兒很久以前我就聽說過他的情況。 【即境活用17】 (2010·江蘇啟東中學質檢)The book was published________it was written. A．soon before

　　B．long before C．before long

　　D．soon after [解析]long before 在……之前很久。 [答案]B 2．She turned round and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her. 她轉過身來，看到一頭羚羊帶著憂郁的神情望著她。 【考點歸納】 (1)此處with a sad face looking at her 為“with＋復合賓語”作定語。 (2)“with＋復合結構”在句中多作狀語，也可以作定語。此結構中常見的賓語補足語形式有： ①With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 冬天來了，該買暖衣了。(with＋n.＋doing) ②With all the things she needed bought，she went home happily.買了所需要的所有東西后，她高興地回家了。(with＋n.＋done) ③She slept with the windows open. 她開著窗子睡著了。(with＋n.＋adj.) ④He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。(with＋n.＋adv.)

　　⑤The teacher came with a book in his hand. 老師來了，手里拿著一本書。(with＋n.＋介詞短語) ⑥With nothing to do，Tom sleeps at home. 由于無事可做，湯姆在家睡覺。(with＋pron.＋to do) ⑦Lu Xun fought against his enemy，with a pen his only weapon. 魯迅用一支筆——他僅有的武器，同敵人作斗爭。(with＋n.＋n.) 【即境活用18】 With her husband________beside her，she was watching a TV play. A．sitting

　　B．to sit

　　C．sat

　　D．sit [解析]with sb. doing sth. 有……在干某事。 [答案]A

　　單項填空解題技巧 ——補全法 做題時，將題干中省略的部分補全，則答案一目了然。 [例]—What should I do with these materials? —________. A．Sort them out B．Sorting them out C．To sort them out

　　D．Sorted them out [解析]將答句中的省略成分補全則為：You should sort them out，答句中省略了you should，可知A項為正確答案。 [答案]A 【即境活用19】 —What should we do with these waste papers? —________. A．Throw them away

　　B．To throw them away C．Throwing them away

　　D．Throw away them [解析]將答句補全：We should throw them away可知A項正確。 [答案]A 【即境活用5】 (2010·北京海淀區一模)A vast area north of the Yangtze River________by the first heavy snow of the new year，causing difficulties to the post-festival road transport. A．were affected

　　B．was affected C．had affected

　　D．has affected

　　[解析]句子的主語為單數，且與affect 之間為被動關系，故用B項。 [答案]B 6．respond vi. 回答；響應；做出反應 ①Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh. 克利夫對我提的建議報以一笑。 ②She never responded to my letter. 她從來沒給我回過信。 【易混辨析】respond，reply，answer respond 是不及物動詞，是正式用語，指“對號召(職責、請求等)作出自發性的適當反應”。 reply 較answer 正式，但是不及物動詞，后跟介詞to連用。 answer 是及物動詞，是常用詞，可指“口頭/筆頭回答”，甚至是“行動上的回答”。 【即境活用6】 No one has yet________to our complaints，so I will write a letter to the newspaper. A．answered

　　B．settled C．solved

　　D．responded [解析]respond to 響應。其它三項為及物動詞。 [答案]D 7．relief n. (痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物 Tom smiled in relief. 湯姆欣慰地笑了。

　　in relief　如釋重負；松了口氣 relief from sth.

　　解除；減輕 breathe a sigh of relief

　　舒了一口氣 to my relief

　　令我感到欣慰的是 relieve one's mind

　　解除某人的顧慮 relieve sb. of sth.

　　解除某人的(負擔等) 【即境活用7】 To our great________，the miners trapped in the coal mine were all rescued. A．anxiety

　　B．relief C．view

　　D．judgement [解析]to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是。 [答案]B 8．mercy n. 仁慈；寬恕；憐憫 The man was at the mercy of the storm.這位男人任由暴風擺布。 at the mercy of...　任憑……的擺布；完全受……的支配 have mercy on/upon...

　　對……有憐憫心 show mercy to sb.

　　對某人表示寬容 out of mercy

　　出于仁慈 with mercy

　　仁慈地 without mercy

　　殘忍地；毫不留情地

　　【即境活用8】 They were lost at sea，________wind and weather. A．at the mercy of

　　B．with mercy C．without mercy

　　D．in the mercy of [解析]at the mercy of 任由……擺布。 [答案]A 9．certain adj. 確定的；某一；一定；必然的 for certain　肯定地；確切地 make certain

　　把……弄清楚；確保 be certain to do

　　一定會做 be certain of/about...

　　對……有把握 to a certain degree

　　在某種程度上 ①I think there's a bus at 8 o'clock but you'd better call to make certain. 好像8點有一班公共汽車，不過你最好打電話弄清楚。 ②I'm not certain whether there's a bus service on Sundays. 我不確定星期天是否有公交車。 【易混辨析】certain，a certain，some certain “某些”，可修飾可數或不可數名詞。 a certain與some 同義，只作定語，修飾可數名詞單數，但是a certain 指知道而不刻意指出之事物。 some 指未知或非特定之事物，或有時知道而未特別指出之事物；some 意為“某個”時后接單數名詞，接復數名詞意為“一些”。 【即境活用9】 The terrorists will only release their hostages on________conditions. A．sure

　　B．a certain C．certain

　　D．any [解析]certain 后跟復數名詞，意為“某些”。 [答案]C 10．appreciate vt. 鑒賞；感激；意識到 ①Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer. 她的才干尚未得到雇主的充分賞識。 ②We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何問題，請告訴我們。 【易錯提示】 appreciate 之后只接名詞或動名詞，不接不定式或從句，如果其后有從句，需加it 作形式賓語。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能來參加我的生日宴會，我將不勝感激。 【即境活用10】 I really appreciate________to relax with you on this nice island. A．to have had time

　　B．having time C．to have time

　　D．to having time [解析]appreciate 后跟v-ing 形式。 [答案]B 11．employ vt. 雇用；利用(時間、精力等) He employed his spare time collecting stamps. 他利用他的業余時間收集郵票。

　　employ oneself (in) doing sth.　從事于做某事 be employed in...

　　忙于…… employ oneself on...

　　從事于……；時間花在…… employ...as...

　　把……用做…… be employed as...

　　被雇為…… employ sb. to do sth.

　　雇某人做某事 employ sb. for...

　　雇某人…… 【即境活用11】 It is important for us to________a word or a phrase according to the situations in language studies. A．employ

　　B．refer C．make

　　D．arrange [解析]employ 利用，運用，符合句意。refer談及；make制作；arrange安排。 [答案]A

　　1．die out 滅亡；逐漸消失 Many species have died out.許多物種已滅絕。 die away　(聲音、光線、風聲等)逐漸消失 die down

　　(火、情緒、風暴等)由強變弱 die off

　　(家族、種族等)相繼死亡；(草木等)枯死 be dying for

　　很想要；渴望 【即境活用12】 The book said that the hero was killed by enemies but that his spirit would never________. A．die away

　　B．die down C．die off

　　D．die out [解析]die down (情緒)由強變弱。die away(聲音等)逐漸消失；die off相繼死亡；die out滅絕。 [答案]B 2．in danger 在危險中；垂危 Owing to the flood，the whole village is in danger.由于洪水，整個村莊處于危險中。 in danger of...　在……危險中 out of danger

　　脫離危險 【易錯提示】 in danger 指自身處于危險中，而dangerous 指給別人造成危害。danger 作“危險”講時，為不可數名詞；指代具體“可能引起危險的人或物”時，為可數名詞。 【思維拓展】 “in＋n.”結構的短語還有： in trouble在困境中 in surprise吃驚地，驚訝地 in order妥當的，能用的

　　in peace和平地，和睦地 in short簡而言之，總之

　　in practice勤于練習

　　in all總共

　　in order有條不紊 in case以防萬一

　　in despair處于絕望中 in public在公眾面前

　　in time及時；總有一天 in turn輪流；反過來 in reality＝in actual fact事實上；實際上 in charge負責……；掌管…… 【即境活用13】 This is a place where children can play without________，but if you are really________，please call this number. A．in danger；dangerous B．danger；in danger C．dangerous；dangerous D．in danger；in danger

　　[解析]with danger 有危險，in danger 處于危險中。 [答案]B 3．protect...from... 保護……不受……(危害) Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.戴上一頂帽子來保護你自己免受太陽曬傷。 protect...against...保護……免受……的傷害/侵害 prevent...(from)．..

　　阻止……做…… stop...(from)．..

　　阻止……做…… keep...from...

　　阻止……做…… 【即境活用14】 You'd better put on more clothes to________yourself from the cold weather. A．keep

　　B．stop

　　C．protect

　　D．make [解析]protect...from 保護……免受……的傷害。 [答案]C 4．pay attention to 注意 We should pay attention to protecting our environment. 我們應該注意保護環境。 draw attention to注意 turn one's attention to...

　　把(某人的)注意力轉移到…… catch one's attention

　　引起某人的注意 fix one's attention on/upon...

　　把某人的注意力集中在……

　　【思維拓展】 下列短語中to 用作介詞 lead to導致；通向 look forward to期望，期盼 refer to提到，談到；涉及；查閱 devote to致力于 contribute to為……作貢獻 stick to堅持

　　必修二　Unit 4　Wildlife protection

　　1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being... 千百萬年前恐龍就在地球上生活，比人類的出現要早得多…… 2．In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 戴茜如釋重負，突然笑了起來。

　　[考題回放·2010山東卷] 假設你是新華中學的學生李華，你和在上海上學的英國朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請根據以下要點用英語給他寫一封電子郵件：

　　1．表示歉意； 2．解釋原因； 3．另約時間。 注意：1.詞數120—150； 2．可適當增加細節。 [優秀范文] Dear Tom， Does everything go well with you? I wish I could make an apology to you，because we have to put off our time of visiting Beijing.

　　How I wish you would understand me and excuse me.I also hope you can patiently listen to my following reasons.Our school has decided by now to hold an important football match with Yucai Senior High School next weekend.As you know，being the vital member of our team，I won't be absent from the match，so I won't be able to show you around Beijing at that time.

　　No matter how reasonable my reasons are，it's my fault to change our plan.So I hope from the bottom of my heart you can forgive me.And do you think it's OK to change the date to the weekend two weeks later? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 1．________adj.野生的；野的；未開發的；荒涼的 2．________vt. & vi.打獵；獵取；搜尋 3．________adj.遠的；遠處的 4．________adj.確定的；某一；一定 5．________adj.強大的；有力的 6．________vi. & vt.成功；接替；繼任 7．________vt.雇用；利用(時間、精力等) 8．________vt. & vi.咬；叮；刺痛 9．________vt.檢查；視察 10．________vi. & vt.減少；(使)變小；或變少 11．________vi.回答；響應；做出反應 12．________n．笑；笑聲 13．________n．仁慈；寬恕；憐憫 14．________n．重要(性) 15．________vt.包含；容納；容忍 16．________vt.影響；感動；侵襲 17．________vt.鑒賞；感激；意識到 18．________n. & vt.損害；危害 19．________n．事件；事變 20．________adj.兇猛的；猛烈的 [答案]1.wild　2.hunt　3.distant　4.certain　5.powerful 6．succeed　7.employ　8.bite　9.inspect　10.decrease 11．respond　12.laughter　13.mercy　14.importance 15．contain　16.affect　17.appreciate　18.harm　19.incident 20．fierce 1．in________　和平地；和睦地；安祥地 2．die________　滅亡；逐漸消失 3．burst________laughter　突然笑起來；大聲笑了出來 4．pay________to　注意 5．________to　按照，根據……所說 6．in________(of)　在危險中；垂危 7．________relief　如釋重負；松了口氣 8．________into being　形成；產生 9．so________　以至于；結果 10．turn________　轉過身；向后轉 11．without________　毫不留情地 12．be________about　關心 13．respond________　對……作出響應 14．protect...________　保護某人免受…… 15．do harm________　對……有害 16．look________　抬頭看 17．be related________　與……有關 18．depend________　依靠 19．intend________do　打算做…… 20．be based________　以……為根據

　　[答案]1.peace　2.out　3.into　4.attention　5.according 6．danger　7.in　8.come　9.that　10.around　11.mercy 12．concerned　13.to　14.from　15.to　16.up　17.to 18．on　19.to　20.on

　　1．reserve vt. 保留，保存，預訂　n. 保護區；貯藏，儲備 reserve sth. for sb./sth.　為……保留 reserve one's opinion

　　保留某人的意見 with/without reserve

　　有(沒有)保留地 in reserve

　　留下的，備用的 All rights reserved.

　　版權所有 ①I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock. 我想預定一個八點鐘用的三人餐位。 ②These seats are reserved for special guests. 這些座位是留給貴賓的。 ③He spoke without reserve of his time in prison. 他毫無保留地述說了他在監獄中的事。 ④He must have great wealth in reserve. 他一定儲備有一大筆資本。 【巧學助記】 【即境活用1】 (2010·東北三校聯考)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people________smoking. A．quit

　　B．decline C．refuse

　　D．reserve [解析]quit smoking 放棄吸煙。decline衰退；reserve預訂；refuse拒絕。 [答案]A 2．apply vi. & vt. 申請；應用，適用 apply to sb.和某人有關；適用于某人 apply to sb. for sth.

　　向某人申請…… apply...to...

　　把……運用于…… apply for sth.

　　申請 apply oneself to (doing) sth. ＝be applied to (doing) sth.

　　專心于 ①This rule cannot be applied to every case. 這項規則不是所有的情況都適用。 ②Students should apply themselves to their study. 學生們應該專心致志地學習。 ③He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向領事申請簽證。 ④What I have said does not apply to you. 我說的話和你無關。 【即境活用2】 (2010·山東煙臺質檢)The three friends all________for the same job. A．required

　　B．chose C．applied

　　D．referred [解析]apply for 申請。 [答案]C 3．suggest v. 建議；表明，暗示 suggest doing 建議做某事 It is suggested that sb. (should) do sth. 建議某人該做某事 suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建議某人該做某事 make a suggestion 提建議 on/at sb.'s suggestion 根據某人的建議 suggestion 的同位語從句，和suggest (建議)引導的賓語從句一樣，要求謂語動詞使用(should) do 形式。 ①I suggest trying it once more. 我建議再試一次。 ②I suggested that he (should) not do it today. 我建議他今天先不要做。 ③Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情說明她生氣了。

　　④They made a suggestion that we (should) go there by train. 他建議我們應該坐火車去那里。 ⑤My suggestion is that he (should) not eat much meat. 我建議他不要吃太多的肉。 【易錯提示】 suggest that...中的that 從句并非總用虛擬語氣：表示“建議做某事”，用虛擬語氣；表示“暗示，表明……”，則不用虛擬語氣。 【即境活用3】 (2010·青島市質檢)The leader，________the rule unfair for women，suggested it________. A．finding；banned