Module 3

　　Body Language and Non-verbal Communication

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　導學P25-1

　　1、communicate./vi. (用語言信號)傳遞信息(想法感情思想等)交流(信息消息意見等)溝通We only communicate by Email.只電郵進行交流。 A baby communicates its needs by crying.He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group. 他急于把想法傳給小組。

　　communicate with sb. 與某人交流聯(lián)絡?We can communicate with the United States directly through the internet.?用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),可直接與聯(lián)合

　　Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with their teenage children . 國聯(lián)系。

　　communicate sth. to sb. 告知某事給某人He communicated our secret to others. 把秘密告訴其他人。

　　He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group.

　　communicationn.?交流/際,通訊；Good communication is important in a large organization.

　　tele-communication 電信communication skills 通訊技能/思想交流技能

　　be in communication with與溝通通訊聯(lián)系I am in communication with him on his subject.

　　Modern communications enable more and more people to work from home.

　　Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas. 邊遠地區(qū)唯一的通訊工具就是無線電。

　　導學P25-2

　　2、conscious：adj. 有意識的有知覺的；了解的；察覺的He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了傷，不過仍然神志清醒。

　　The driver was still conscious when the ambulance reached the scene of the accident.

　　be conscious of意識覺察到She is very conscious of the problems involved.

　　She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不曉得他在房間里。

　　be conscious that到；察覺到I was conscious that she was ill at ease. 意識consciousness：n. 意識；知覺consciously：adv. 有意識地；自覺地lose consciousness失去意識/知覺。David lost consciousness at 8 o’clock and died a few hours later.

　　regain consciousness恢復意識/知覺。She could hear voices as she begin to regain consciousness.

　　unconscious：adj. 無意識的不知不覺的?

　　She was found alive but unconscious.

　　The boy was beaten unconscious. 被打暈過去。be unconscious of (doing) sth. 未意識覺察到I was unconscious of her presence.

　　He seems unconscious of making others laugh. 他似乎沒覺察到自己把大家逗樂了。

　　unconsciouslyadv 未意識unconsciouness：n.

　　無意識辨析：conscious與aware

　　① conscious表示內(nèi)心所意識到的感覺。 One must be conscious of one's shortcomings.人要有自知之明。

　　One may be conscious of fear, but not aware of the danger which is going on. 人會心感恐懼，但

　　② aware指感官上的知覺。 I'm quite aware of how you feel.我很理解你的感覺。 不能覺察將發(fā)生危險。3、vary：vi. 變化變更不同過去式和過去分詞varied。導學P25-2vary in sth.：在方面不同(有差異)There are flowers that vary in color and size.

　　vary with sth.：隨著變化Prices vary with the seasons.

　　Customs vary with the times .

　　The price of the goods varies with seasons. = Prices vary with the seasons. 物價隨季節(jié)而變化。ary from： 不同于In the student’s eyes , English Weekly varies from other newspapers.

　　vary from …to …：從到變化情況不等The weather varies from day to day.

　　People’s eating habits vary from area to area.

　　Climate varies from regions to regions. 地區(qū)與地區(qū)之間,氣候總是變化不同。

　　varietyn. 變化多樣性a great/wide variety of = varieties of = various各種各樣的a variety of = varieties of

　　意思用法相同，可數(shù)不可數(shù)修飾。The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors.

　　various：adj. 不同種類的；各種各樣的various colors

　　various ways.

　　varied：adj. 各種各樣各不相同的;形形色色多變的多彩的He led a varied life.過著豐富多彩的生活。

　　He had had a varied training and held many offices.

　　受過多方面的訓練, 擔任過許多職務。

　　variouslyadv. 不同地/多方面地。

　　4、on guard：站崗，值班保持警惕提防Who was on guard when the fire broke?

　　導學P2-3

　　The soldiers were on guard around the whole palace in case terrorists attack. 士兵們圍繞整個皇宮

　　off guard 疏忽(失去)警惕，不提防nder guard 處于看管下

　　be on guard against (doing) sth.提防著… Everyone must be on guard against thieves. 大家要提防小偷。

　　He is always on his guard against saying wrong words.他一直保持警惕不要說錯話。keep /stand guard over站崗/放哨，守衛(wèi)看守He kept guard over the horse while we looked for water.

　　be on one’s guard 警惕，提防 Be on your guard, they alaways try to cheat tourists.小心點,總騙客人

　　guard sb/sth against sth 避免, 預防We must guard against accidents. 必須謹防事故。He guarded himself against vice. 避免染上壞習慣。

　　on＋名詞，on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或方位。on business（在)出差；

　　on board乘(船飛機)on call聽候召喚on duty/watch值班on fire著火on foot步行on guard在崗on holiday（在)度假on leave休假on sale待售on shore在岸上on time準時on the move在進行中on the other hand另一方面on the spot當場on the tip of one's tongue快要說出口on top of在…的頂部on watch值班on purpose故意地

　　導學P2-4

　　5、formal：adj. 正式的場合formal dress 禮服

　　a formal declaration of war正式宣戰(zhàn)

　　formal education / training /qualification 正規(guī)教育/形式訓練/正式資格

　　a formal dinner/dance/meeting 正式的晚餐/舞會/會議

　　I only wear this suit for formal dinners.She has a very formal manner.她舉止端莊。 informal：adj. 非正式的不講究形式的輕松友好的不拘禮節(jié)的(指衣服)在家穿的日常穿的The two groups met for informal talks.

　　兩個團體見面進行了非正式的會談。

　　Students and teachers shared a taste for informal dress. 教師學生都喜歡穿便裝。

　　The atmosphere at work is fairly informal. 工作氛圍相當輕松。

　　6、aggressive：adj. 攻擊的，好爭斗的, 挑釁的, 侵略性的aggressive behaviour 攻擊性行為Some people get aggressive after drinking aclcohol. 有些人酒后具有攻擊性。

　　The dogs are trained to be aggressive. 這些狗被訓練得具有攻擊性

　　Aggressive nations threaten the world peace. 具有侵略性的ggressor：攻擊者，侵略者ggression：n 侵略（u ,c）

　　traditionally：adv. 傳統(tǒng)地Traditionally, Chinese shake hands with each other .

　　8、weapon：n. C 武器The fisher used a spear as his weapon. The police are looking for the murder weapon.

　　9、gesture：n. C/U 姿勢，姿態(tài)She made an angry gesture . 他擺出憤怒的姿態(tài)。

　　This form of sign language is rich in gesture. 這種形式的手語手勢很豐富。

　　1threatening：adj 恐嚇的具有威脅的He received a threatening letter.

　　His threatening words frightened the little boy.

　　threaten：v. 恐嚇威脅

　　The black clouds threaten a storm. 烏云預示暴風雨的來臨threaten to do sth威脅The boss threatened to fire her. 威脅要開除她

　　hreaten sb with sth 用恐嚇威脅A men threatened staff with a handgun. 用槍恫嚇員工。

　　11、deal：n C

　　協(xié)議，交易導學P2-5

　　make/do a deal with sb.

　　與某人作成一筆交易, 和…達成協(xié)議He was trying to make a deal with them. 他正設法和他們達成一項協(xié)議。

　　We did a deal with the company on overtime. 我們與在加班問題上達成了一項協(xié)議。

　　Ok,t’s a deal. 成交口語，同意做某事Big deal! 妙極了! (假裝贊嘆的諷刺語)That’s a deal. = It’s a deal.= Call it a deal.

　　[俚] 就這樣決定就這么辦；一言為定n. 很多/大量。 a great /good deal

　　A great deal of money was spent on the project. 花大量的錢。

　　videalt，dealt)

　　(與with連用) 處理對付應付；解決處理；涉及關(guān)于I don’t know how to deal with such a difficult situation.

　　Haven’t you dealt with that letter yet? 那封信你答復了么?How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盜賊，你將如何對付？

　　This book deals with the ancient history of China. 這本書討論中國古代史。

　　(與with連用) 與…有貿(mào)易往來做買賣；打交道I've dealt with this shop for 20 years. 我同這家商店做生意已經(jīng)有20年了。

　　I have dealt with them for a long time.辨析：1) deal with表示“處理；對待(人或事)”，常與how連用；作“與…交易”講時，不可用于被動語態(tài)。

　　He knows well how to deal with children.他很了解如何與孩子相處。

　　2) do with表示“處理；對待”，多與what連用。

　　The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class. 新老師不知應如何對待班里的學生。

　　1involve：vt. 包括 涉及需要使卷入導學P2-6

　　What will the job involve?該工作包括什么？Winning the game involves fortune as well as skill.

　　Parents should involve themselves in their children's education. 父母應當參與孩子的教育。involve sb in (doing) sth 允許某人參與 或某人陷入某種情況

　　Try to involve as many children as possible in the game. 盡量讓更多孩子加入游戲。

　　be /become/get involved in

　　被卷入，與…有關(guān)專心地做…Ben and wife got involved in the murder case.

　　All the citizens got involved in planting trees.

　　They are deeply involved in debt.債臺高筑。They were involved in working out the plan. 他專心于制定計劃。

　　involve doing 包括…; 牽扯… 然得居住在倫敦。

　　To accept the position you offer would involve my living in London. 若接受你提供的職位,我必

　　involvedadj. 復雜的前置定語an involved story。有牽連的相關(guān)的后置定語 the people involved

　　13、slightly: adv. 輕微地;稍稍些許地This one’s slightly better than that.

　　這一個比那個稍好一點。He lowered his voice slightly. 略微降低了嗓門。They are all slightly different. 他們都略有不同。導學P2-7-1

　　14、hold up：舉起,抬起Can you hold up the stone for some minutes? ?你能舉起這塊石頭呆幾分鐘嗎?

　　The boy held up his right hand to ask a question.男孩舉起右手想問一個問題。

　　承受住；支撐住She's holding up well under the pressure. 她承受住了壓力。使延誤；阻礙An accident is holding up traffic.一場事故造成了交通阻塞。

　　The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.天氣惡劣延遲了新路修建。搶劫，攔截The criminals held up the train and took all the money.罪犯攔截火車，搶走了所有錢。

　　拓展hold back保留；抑制；自制hold off 延遲；推遲；克服hold out 維持；堅持

　　hold the line 別掛斷電話lose hold of 放棄take/catch/get hold of sb./sth. 抓住；拿著

　　hold on 抓住…不放；依附；繼續(xù)做某事；堅持；稍等(尤指不掛斷電話以等待想找的人)spread： vt.

　　spread-spread

　　導學P2-7-2

　　1) 使伸展；使延伸I spread my arms as far apart as I could. 我盡可能地將雙臂伸展開。He spread out his arms to welcome us. 他張開手臂歡迎我們。

　　2) 張開；展開；攤開Mom spread a new tablecloth on the table. 媽媽在桌上鋪了一塊新桌布。

　　3) 撒；散布；傳播；普及She was told not to spread this secret around. 她被告知不要散布這秘密。

　　vi. 1) 伸展；延伸；延長(～out)A wide stretch of land spreads in front of us.我們面前是一片廣闊的土地。

　　2) 傳開傳播；蔓延The news spread quickly. 消息傳播的很快。

　　The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby. 火勢從工廠蔓延至附近的房舍。

　　拓展spread out 張開；伸開；鋪開；擴大(張)；展開；伸長spread over 遍布；覆蓋spread to 傳到；波及；蔓延到spread with 在…上面涂抹give away：贈送捐贈分發(fā)獎品；泄漏(秘密)暴露(情況);出賣背叛導學P2-8

　　He gave away all his fortune/money to the poor. 他把自己所有的財產(chǎn)都送給窮人。

　　His accent gave him away.他的口音把他暴露了。He gave away all the secrets I told him. 他把我告訴他的秘密都泄漏出去了。

　　拓展give back 歸還；報復give off 發(fā)出;釋放出give out分/散發(fā)頒發(fā)宣布用完give up 放棄；停止；獻出導學P-1

　　17、stare：vi. =fix one’s eyes/ an eye on

　　凝視注視, 盯著看常與at 連用，表吃驚、害怕、羨慕或深思而張大眼睛、目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視，這種注視可能有意無意地表現(xiàn)出無禮或粗魯?shù)膽B(tài)度。

　　It’s impolite to stare at others. ?盯著人看是沒有禮貌的。

　　Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.克魯索盯著腳印，內(nèi)心充滿恐懼。

　　辨析：stare at, glare at與look at

　　1) glare“瞪眼”；“怒目而視”，表由于生氣而張大眼睛用強烈的目光看，兇狠地或恐嚇地注視，強調(diào)敵對或威脅。通常也與介詞at連用，相當于look at sb./sth. angrily。向他射來。

　　Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. 突然黑暗中他看見兩道強烈的目光

　　2) look at普通，既沒吃驚、害怕、羨慕、無禮或粗魯?shù)膽B(tài)度，也沒有兇狠或恐嚇之意。

　　He looked at me and smiled.他望著我微笑。glance at 瞥一眼

　　wipe：vt. 擦去，抹去

　　If you are hot you can wipe the sweat from / off your forehead.Time had wiped her image from his memory. 時間把她的印象在他的記憶中抹去了。

　　wipe out / up擦掉收拾干凈消除徹底摧毀，消滅She got angry and wiped out her name on the blackboard. 她生氣就把黑板上她的名字擦掉了。The earthquake wiped out the whole town. 那次地震毀掉了整個城鎮(zhèn)。犯之敵。We are always ready to wipe out any enemy who dares to attack.

　　時刻準備著消滅一切膽敢來導學P-2

　　19、lift up：舉起,抬起,抬高；(被)提起；使振奮His presence lifted us all up.他的光臨使我們情緒高漲。

　　Please lift your hands up.把手舉起來。He lifted the suitcases up. 他提起箱子。辨析：1) raise是及物動詞，“使……上升”。 Prices have been raised up.價格被提高了。

　　2) rise是不及物動詞，“升起；上升；起立”。

　　Prices rose gradually.價格逐漸地漲上去了。

　　3) lift up舉起；提起；使振奮；鼓舞Lift it up to the table.把它抬到桌子上。

　　up and down：prep./adv. 上上下下一上一下地；來來回回地導學P-3

　　The teacher walked up and down in the classroom with a book under his arm. 在走來走去The manager looked at him up and down. 經(jīng)理上上下下地打量著他。

　　In the street, cars are busy rushing up and down. 大街上，車輛匆忙的來來往往。

　　近義短語：back and forth 前前后后

　　by accident：偶然；無意中by chance 偶然地；意外地導學P