2024屆牛津英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

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　　8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.

　　— It's 4331577.

　　A. didn't

　　B. couldn't

　　C. don't

　　D. can't 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C，認(rèn)為此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的話”。其實(shí)，答案應(yīng)選A，根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境“請(qǐng)把你的電話號(hào)碼再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？”，可知“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的電話號(hào)碼”應(yīng)是在說(shuō)此話以前，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9. — Please don't make a noise.

　　— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.

　　A. Yes, I do

　　B. No, I don't

　　C. Yes, I will

　　D. No, I won't 【解析】選D。有的同學(xué)由于受前一句don't 的影響，認(rèn)為下文的答句應(yīng)選A或B，這些同學(xué)主要是忽略了上文的真實(shí)語(yǔ)境：上文是一個(gè)祈使句，而祈使句表示的時(shí)間應(yīng)是“將來(lái)”，這從空格后的 I'll be…這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)也可看出。另外，從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，此題的最佳答案應(yīng)選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. would be

　　D. would have been 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語(yǔ)要用B或D與之呼應(yīng)。正確答案為A。前一句謂語(yǔ)用had hoped，表示的是過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說(shuō)“我太忙”，這是陳述過(guò)去的一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。第5講

　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Ⅰ. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 23)

　　A. has shown

　　B. is showing

　　C. shows

　　D. showed 【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語(yǔ)。句子的內(nèi)容是生活哲理，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：奶奶過(guò)去常常說(shuō)： “人生就像在雪中行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉伎吹靡?jiàn)(留下了你的足跡)?！?考點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)

　　A. attended

　　B. had attended

　　C. am attending

　　D. have attended

　　【解析】選D。句意：自從我來(lái)了這所學(xué)校以后，這是我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最有教育意義的一場(chǎng)講座。這里考查了定語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榍懊娴闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，并且談?wù)摰氖菑倪^(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。考點(diǎn)3：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) — That must have been a long trip.

　　— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)

　　A. takes

　　B. has taken

　　C. took

　　D. was taking 【解析】選C 。根據(jù)上句must have been可知trip發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此第二句選用一般過(guò)去時(shí)took。句意：——那一定是一次漫長(zhǎng)的旅行。——是啊，我們花了整整一星期才到達(dá)那兒。考點(diǎn)4：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)

　　A. had started

　　B. has started

　　C. started

　　D. starts

　　【解析】選 C。根據(jù)前半句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知后半句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣才能符合“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。句意： Jack發(fā)了幾封電子郵件之后，他才開(kāi)始研究他的項(xiàng)目。考點(diǎn)5：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國(guó)大綱卷18)

　　A. has told

　　B. is telling

　　C. has been telling

　　D. will have told 【解析】選 C。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示：過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或還在進(jìn)行。句意：經(jīng)理從早上9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直在不停地告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意選C。考點(diǎn)6：一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)

　　A. fly

　　B. will fly

　　C. will be flying

　　D. am flying

　　【解析】選C。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的two o'clock和應(yīng)答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動(dòng)作在將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，選C。 Ⅱ. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式

　　They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)

　　A. is being rebuilt

　　B. has been rebuilt

　　C. is rebuilt

　　D. has rebuilt 【解析】選A。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為：他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟?。根?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且house與動(dòng)詞rebuilt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。考點(diǎn)2：“get＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)

　　A. get paid

　　B. got paid

　　C. have paid

　　D. had been paid 【解析】選A。句意：媽媽?zhuān)芊窠鑾酌涝o我，星期五發(fā)工資后還給你。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，get paid相當(dāng)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。考點(diǎn)3：不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)

　　A. have run out

　　B. are running out

　　C. have been run out

　　D. are being run out 【解析】選B。分析題干語(yǔ)境可知，食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能使用被動(dòng)形式，由此可排除C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可以表示將來(lái)，符合題意。因此，正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.

　　A. done

　　B. to do

　　C. being done

　　D. doing 【解析】選B?！皐ith＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將來(lái)，且常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)

　　A. operating

　　B. to be operating

　　C. operated

　　D. to operate 【解析】選D。在句型“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果這個(gè)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞do的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D。考點(diǎn)5: 雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.

　　A. provided

　　B. supplied

　　C. offered

　　D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價(jià)，開(kāi)價(jià)”講，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。考點(diǎn)6：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.

　　A. has laughed

　　B. has laughed at

　　C. has been laughed

　　D. has been laughed at 【解析】選D。由by短語(yǔ)可知該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而laugh at是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。考點(diǎn)7：不及物動(dòng)詞和有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評(píng)估【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.

　　— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.

　　A. I'll go

　　B. I've gone

　　C. I go

　　D. I'm going 易錯(cuò)題筆記【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清，因?yàn)閮烧呔杀硎緦?lái)。will 和 be going to后接動(dòng)詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強(qiáng)弱之分，如果是事先考慮過(guò)的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過(guò)的，而是說(shuō)話時(shí)刻才臨時(shí)想到的意圖，則用 will。比較：

　　— I've come out without any money.

　　——我沒(méi)帶錢(qián)出來(lái)。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.

　　——沒(méi)關(guān)系，我借給你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”錢(qián)給對(duì)方是臨時(shí)想到的，即聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話后臨時(shí)作出的反應(yīng)) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買(mǎi)了部打字機(jī)，我想學(xué)打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說(shuō)話人“學(xué)打字”是事先準(zhǔn)備的，并為此買(mǎi)了臺(tái)打字機(jī)) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.

　　A. look

　　B. looking

　　C. looked

　　D. looks 【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主語(yǔ) his wife 帶有較復(fù)雜的修飾語(yǔ)，所以采用了倒裝語(yǔ)序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語(yǔ)從句，其中dressed in black是插入語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填looks作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.

　　A. is dated from

　　B. was dated from

　　C. dates from

　　D. dated from 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為句中用了 1688 這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)?date from 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以只能選D。其實(shí)此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是C，因?yàn)?date from 的意思是“自某時(shí)起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(盡管其后接的是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間)，除非所談?wù)摰臇|西現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類(lèi)似用法。)

　　4. — Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it ______ very soft.

　　A. is feeling

　　B. felt

　　C. feels

　　D. is felt 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其實(shí)，此題正確答案為C，因?yàn)?feel 在此為連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　6. — He will come tomorrow.

　　— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.

　　A. will come

　　B. is coming

　　C. came

　　D. had come 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)樯衔牡?He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。但實(shí)際上此題的最佳答案是 C，這與 would rather 的用法有關(guān)。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。又如：

　　I'd rather you went home now.

　　我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.

　　我真希望你沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了?！薄暗业箤幵改銢](méi)有告訴他?！?“He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上?！薄暗业箤幵覆灰獛胰??！?7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

　　A. has written

　　B. wrote

　　C. had written

　　D. was writing 【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語(yǔ)境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”。有的同學(xué)可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B，則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)”，既然是“寫(xiě)了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”相矛盾。