強化訓練12

　　虛擬語氣

　　（時間：分鐘）

　　Ⅰ.單項選擇(每題1分，共20分)

　　1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?

　　C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced

　　答案　C　[題干的意思是：“我們原本可以一起面對困難的，可是，你為什么不告訴我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此處是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句形式為could/would/should/might have done，所以C項正確。A項和B項都是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，可排除；D項表示推測，故排除。]

　　(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.

　　C．would visit

　　D．would have visited

　　答案　D　[句意：我們在那個小村莊迷了路，否則我們昨天就能瀏覽更多的名勝了。對于句中的otherwise“否則，要不然”它引起的虛擬語氣屬于含蓄型，由句中的時間狀語yesterday可知是與過去的事實相反，此時主句用would have done形式。 ]

　　(2024·北京西城期末考試)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

　　C．Would I be devoted

　　D．Should I be devoted

　　答案　B　[考查倒裝及虛擬語氣。此處為省略if的虛擬條件句，因從句表示與過去的事實相反，謂語動詞應使用過去完成時，此題是將had提至句首且省略if，故B。]

　　(2024·西安一檢)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.

　　C．had come

　　D．came

　　答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。句意：前些天我很忙，否則我會來幫助你的。后半句是虛擬語氣，再結合前半句的時態可知此處是對過去情況的虛擬，have done”結構。]

　　(2010·江蘇卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.

　　C．would focus

　　D．had focused

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。would rather后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，表示對現在或將來事實的虛擬。]

　　，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

　　C．would win

　　D．would have won

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。句中But for一詞給出了暗示：沒有英語老師的幫助，自己不會在英語寫作競賽中獲獎是對過去的虛擬，謂語用情態動詞＋have done結構，而D項邏輯錯誤。]

　　(2024·長沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.

　　，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.

　　C．could come

　　D．would have come

　　答案　C　[考查虛擬語氣。根據語境可知，Andrew已經去了巴黎，今晚不可能參加說話人的生日聚會了，故這里是對發生在將來情況的虛擬。wish后的賓語從句，若表示將來不能實現的愿望，謂語用would/might/could＋動詞原形，故選C。]

　　(2024·溫州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!

　　C．would have taken

　　D．had taken

　　答案　D　[考查虛擬語氣。根據句意可知我們已經陷入了困境，老師提建議是發生在過去，因此本題的虛擬語氣是與過去的事實相反，故選擇had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]

　　(2024·寧夏聯考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.

　　C．am

　　D．have been

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。根據語意“這個故事如此生動，我感覺好像身臨其境一樣”可知，空處是對現在事實的虛擬，故謂語動詞用were，答案選B項。]

　　(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?

　　！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!

　　B．would have ridden

　　C．would ride

　　D．wouldn't have ridden

　　答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。與現實相反的假設，even if從句中要用過去時，主句中用would＋動詞原形，因此在A、C中選結合語意“給我一百萬美元，我也不坐過山車”可知要用否定形式，故選A。]

　　(2024·重慶市七區聯考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.

　　C．Has

　　D．Would have

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣由the other day可知，這里是對過去的虛擬if從句中要用過去完成時態，而當if被省略時，該從句中的had要置于句首構成倒裝。]

　　(2024·遼寧丹東四校聯考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.

　　C．Should that be true

　　D．Could that be true

　　答案　C　[考查虛擬語氣的用法。空白處為對將來不確定的虛擬的if從句，謂語動詞應用過去式/should＋＋，結合各選項可知，省掉if后should提前構成倒裝。]

　　—He looks hot and dry.

　　—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.

　　A．may

　　B．would

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案　B　[答語用了倒裝句式，相當于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同時，由had可知是對現在情況的虛擬，主句應用would＋動詞原形。]

　　________a sudden loud noise.

　　A．would there be

　　B．should there be

　　C．there was

　　D．there having been

　　答案　B　[根據語意，原句應為．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虛擬條件句中有should時，可以把if省略，should提前，構成倒裝結構，據此選B項。]

　　，they ________the plane.

　　C．would have caught

　　D．will have caught

　　答案　C　[Ten minutes earlier相當于虛擬條件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是對過去情況的相反假設，因此空格處用would have done結構，表示與過去事實相反。]

　　—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.

　　；would know

　　；would have known

　　；know

　　；knew

　　答案　A　[句意：——告訴我怎么做這道練習題，好嗎？——如果你昨天認真聽講，現在你就知道怎么做了。根據語境，答語要用虛擬語氣，注意該if條件從句表示與過去事實相反，而主句則表示與現在事實相反。故選A項。]

　　________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.

　　；should die

　　；had not died

　　；had not died

　　；had died

　　答案　C　[句意：如果不是他父親去年去世了，只是留下了債務的話，他現在就不用在海灘上賣冰激凌了。這個句子使用了混合虛擬語氣，主句表示與現在事實相反，故謂語用“情態動詞＋had＋過去分詞”的形式，因此選C項。]

　　，we ________in Beijing earlier.

　　C．could arrive

　　D．should have arrived

　　答案　D　[but for表示對過去的含蓄虛擬，句子的謂語應用“情態動have done”結構。]

　　，you ________in trouble now.

　　C．would not be

　　D．would not have been

　　答案　C　[由從句時態可知從句表示與過去事實相反的假設，由now可知，主句表示與現在事實相反的假設，因此，主句謂語動詞應該用“would/should/could/might＋動詞原形”。句意：你要是早聽我的話，現在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。]

　　________rudely to her yesterday.

　　A．you not speak

　　B．you not speaking

　　C．you didn't speak

　　D．you hadn't spoken

　　答案　D　[would rather后跟從句，表示主語“寧愿……”，這時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語]

　　Ⅱ.試說新語(每題1分，共7分)

　　(熟義：寫出；下來，使下來)

　　________

　　22．given(＝considering)(熟義：被給

　　Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________

　　23．glare(熟義：怒目而視)

　　________

　　24．as good as(熟義：與……一樣好)

　　________

　　25．govern(熟義：管理；控制)

　　________

　　26．grade(熟義：年級)

　　________

　　Eggs are graded from small to extra-large.

　　________

　　27．green(熟義：綠色的，青的)

　　________

　　答案　21.使情緒低落；身體虛弱　22.考慮到　23.發出刺眼的光　24.差不多，幾乎　25.影響；支配　等級，分數；分等級；給分數　27.(pl.)綠色蔬菜

　　強化訓練12

　　虛擬語氣

　　（時間：分鐘）

　　Ⅰ.單項選擇(每題1分，共20分)

　　1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?

　　C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced

　　答案　C　[題干的意思是：“我們原本可以一起面對困難的，可是，你為什么不告訴我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此處是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句形式為could/would/should/might have done，所以C項正確。A項和B項都是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，可排除；D項表示推測，故排除。]

　　(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.

　　C．would visit

　　D．would have visited

　　答案　D　[句意：我們在那個小村莊迷了路，否則我們昨天就能瀏覽更多的名勝了。對于句中的otherwise“否則，要不然”它引起的虛擬語氣屬于含蓄型，由句中的時間狀語yesterday可知是與過去的事實相反，此時主句用would have done形式。 ]

　　(2024·北京西城期末考試)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

　　C．Would I be devoted

　　D．Should I be devoted

　　答案　B　[考查倒裝及虛擬語氣。此處為省略if的虛擬條件句，因從句表示與過去的事實相反，謂語動詞應使用過去完成時，此題是將had提至句首且省略if，故B。]

　　(2024·西安一檢)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.

　　C．had come

　　D．came

　　答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。句意：前些天我很忙，否則我會來幫助你的。后半句是虛擬語氣，再結合前半句的時態可知此處是對過去情況的虛擬，have done”結構。]

　　(2010·江蘇卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.

　　C．would focus

　　D．had focused

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。would rather后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，表示對現在或將來事實的虛擬。]

　　，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

　　C．would win

　　D．would have won

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。句中But for一詞給出了暗示：沒有英語老師的幫助，自己不會在英語寫作競賽中獲獎是對過去的虛擬，謂語用情態動詞＋have done結構，而D項邏輯錯誤。]

　　(2024·長沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.

　　，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.

　　C．could come

　　D．would have come

　　答案　C　[考查虛擬語氣。根據語境可知，Andrew已經去了巴黎，今晚不可能參加說話人的生日聚會了，故這里是對發生在將來情況的虛擬。wish后的賓語從句，若表示將來不能實現的愿望，謂語用would/might/could＋動詞原形，故選C。]

　　(2024·溫州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!

　　C．would have taken

　　D．had taken

　　答案　D　[考查虛擬語氣。根據句意可知我們已經陷入了困境，老師提建議是發生在過去，因此本題的虛擬語氣是與過去的事實相反，故選擇had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]

　　(2024·寧夏聯考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.

　　C．am

　　D．have been

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣。根據語意“這個故事如此生動，我感覺好像身臨其境一樣”可知，空處是對現在事實的虛擬，故謂語動詞用were，答案選B項。]

　　(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?

　　！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!

　　B．would have ridden

　　C．would ride

　　D．wouldn't have ridden

　　答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。與現實相反的假設，even if從句中要用過去時，主句中用would＋動詞原形，因此在A、C中選結合語意“給我一百萬美元，我也不坐過山車”可知要用否定形式，故選A。]

　　(2024·重慶市七區聯考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.

　　C．Has

　　D．Would have

　　答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣由the other day可知，這里是對過去的虛擬if從句中要用過去完成時態，而當if被省略時，該從句中的had要置于句首構成倒裝。]

　　(2024·遼寧丹東四校聯考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.

　　C．Should that be true

　　D．Could that be true

　　答案　C　[考查虛擬語氣的用法。空白處為對將來不確定的虛擬的if從句，謂語動詞應用過去式/should＋＋，結合各選項可知，省掉if后should提前構成倒裝。]

　　—He looks hot and dry.

　　—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.

　　A．may

　　B．would

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案　B　[答語用了倒裝句式，相當于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同時，由had可知是對現在情況的虛擬，主句應用would＋動詞原形。]

　　________a sudden loud noise.

　　A．would there be

　　B．should there be

　　C．there was

　　D．there having been

　　答案　B　[根據語意，原句應為．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虛擬條件句中有should時，可以把if省略，should提前，構成倒裝結構，據此選B項。]

　　，they ________the plane.

　　C．would have caught

　　D．will have caught

　　答案　C　[Ten minutes earlier相當于虛擬條件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是對過去情況的相反假設，因此空格處用would have done結構，表示與過去事實相反。]

　　—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.

　　；would know

　　；would have known

　　；know

　　；knew

　　答案　A　[句意：——告訴我怎么做這道練習題，好嗎？——如果你昨天認真聽講，現在你就知道怎么做了。根據語境，答語要用虛擬語氣，注意該if條件從句表示與過去事實相反，而主句則表示與現在事實相反。故選A項。]

　　________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.

　　；should die

　　；had not died

　　；had not died

　　；had died

　　答案　C　[句意：如果不是他父親去年去世了，只是留下了債務的話，他現在就不用在海灘上賣冰激凌了。這個句子使用了混合虛擬語氣，主句表示與現在事實相反，故謂語用“情態動詞＋had＋過去分詞”的形式，因此選C項。]

　　，we ________in Beijing earlier.

　　C．could arrive

　　D．should have arrived

　　答案　D　[but for表示對過去的含蓄虛擬，句子的謂語應用“情態動have done”結構。]

　　，you ________in trouble now.

　　C．would not be

　　D．would not have been

　　答案　C　[由從句時態可知從句表示與過去事實相反的假設，由now可知，主句表示與現在事實相反的假設，因此，主句謂語動詞應該用“would/should/could/might＋動詞原形”。句意：你要是早聽我的話，現在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。]

　　________rudely to her yesterday.

　　A．you not speak

　　B．you not speaking

　　C．you didn't speak

　　D．you hadn't spoken

　　答案　D　[would rather后跟從句，表示主語“寧愿……”，這時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語]

　　Ⅱ.試說新語(每題1分，共7分)

　　(熟義：寫出；下來，使下來)

　　________

　　22．given(＝considering)(熟義：被給

　　Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________

　　23．glare(熟義：怒目而視)

　　________

　　24．as good as(熟義：與……一樣好)

　　________

　　25．govern(熟義：管理；控制)

　　________

　　26．grade(熟義：年級)

　　________

　　Eggs are graded from small to extra-large.

　　________

　　27．green(熟義：綠色的，青的)

　　________

　　答案　21.使情緒低落；身體虛弱　22.考慮到　23.發出刺眼的光　24.差不多，幾乎　25.影響；支配　等級，分數；分等級；給分數　27.(pl.)綠色蔬菜