廣安市2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪系列訓練（19）

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案填空。

　　Towards the end of Middle English,a sudden change in pronunciation started,with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter.From the 16th century the British had contact with people from around the world.This means that many new words and phrases entered the language.The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print.Books became cheaper and more people learned to read.Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect of London became the standard.In 1604,the first English dictionary was published.

　　The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ.Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors:firstly,the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words;secondly,the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface,and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.

　　From around 1600,the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America resulted in the creation of American English.Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America.In some ways,American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English.Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original(原先的)British expressions that were preserved(保存)in the colonies but were lost in Britain.Spanish also had an influence on American English,with words like canyon,ranch,stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English.French words and West African words also influenced American English.

　　Today,American English is the most influential(有影響力的).But there are many other kinds of English around the world,including Australian English,New Zealand English,Canadian English,South African English,Indian English and Caribbean English.They have differences.

　　【文章大意】英語隨著時間的變化而變化,現代英語和中世紀的英語也有不同,因為社會變革英語吸收了不同語言的詞匯。如今英語已經成為世界性的語言,帶有更多的地域色彩。

　　1.What can we know from Paragraph 1?

　　A.The dialect of London became the standard in the year 1604.

　　B.Vowels were pronounced longer towards the end of Middle English.

　　C.The first English dictionary was published in the early 17th century.

　　D.Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain.

　　解析:細節理解題。由“ In 1604,the first English dictionary was published.”可知第一部英語辭典是在17世紀早期出現的。

　　答案:C

　　2.From Paragraph 2,we know that the Industrial Revolution 　.

　　A.required spelling and grammar to be fixed

　　B.required a greater number of English words

　　C.caused many old English words to be useless

　　D.led to the English colonization of North America

　　解析:細節理解題。由“...firstly,the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words”可知工業革命導致了一大批新詞匯的產生。

　　答案:B

　　3.The underlined word “froze” in Paragraph 3 shows that some English words in America　.

　　A.became longer

　　B.greatly changed

　　C.a little changed

　　D.stayed as they were

　　解析:推理判斷題。下文講了也許北美的英語發音更接近于莎士比亞時期,因為殖民傳入的拼讀“保持了下來”。

　　答案:D

　　4.What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?

　　A.The development of Modern English.

　　B.How the English vocabulary became larger.

　　C.Differences among the different kinds of English.

　　D.Differences between Middle English and Modern English.

　　解析:主旨大意題。本文講的是隨著時間變化在原來與現在,以及不同地域的人們在使用英語上產生的差異。

　　答案:C

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　Once, the Paiter-Surui tribe(部落)lived a happy life in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. But after the tribe’s first meeting with Westerners several decades ago, they were nearly wiped out; diseases brought by outsiders reduced the Surui’s numbers from 5, 000 to about 250.

　　Today, some 1, 300 tribe people live in 23 villages across 600, 000 acres. Though they are as likely to wear T-shirts and jeans as feathered headdresses, the Surui are determined to preserve and protect the tribal culture of their homeland. Now they are under threat again, from illegal logging and deforestation(濫伐), but this time it’s different. The Surui have put aside their bows and arrows and taken up a new weapon: the Internet.

　　The tribe people learned to use the Web from their leader, Chief Almir Narayamoga. “We decided to use computers and technology to bring attention to our situation, ”says Narayamoga, 36. The first in his tribe to attend college, Chief Narayamoga learned how to use computers at the Federal University of Goiás in Goiania, a city of 1. 2 million. In 2007, he fled the Surui homeland after his fight against loggers who placed a $100, 000 reward on his head. He traveled to the United States and paid a visit to Google headquarters in California. He came armed with a big idea.

　　Narayamoga’s visit to Google was considered a great success. And Google sent teams to the Amazon to train the Surui in using computers, cameras, and smart phones to photograph logging sites, which could be pinpointed using GPS technology and then uploaded to Google Earth. The Surui have now mapped the entire reserve and recorded the biodiversity and the rainforest within it.

　　【文章大意】本文主要講了巴西土著居民正在利用因特網讓世人知道他們的處境, 并開始保護他們的家園。

　　1. What caused the population of the Amazon tribe to reduce greatly?

　　A. The change of their lifestyles.

　　B. Deforestation.

　　C. Diseases.

　　D. Fighting.

　　【解析】選C。細節理解題。從文章第一段最后一句可知, 由外來者帶來的疾病導致土著人口劇減。

　　. Chief Narayamoga fled his homeland because　.

　　A. he owed a large debt

　　B. the loggers wanted to kill him

　　C. he wanted to learn computers

　　D. he failed to fight against logging

　　【解析】選B。細節理解題。從文章倒數第二段可知, 酋長逃離家鄉的原因是伐木者懸賞捉拿他并置他于死地。

　　. What kind of idea did Chief Narayamoga have after he returned to his homeland?

　　A. He could ask the US government for help.

　　B. He could negotiate with the loggers.

　　C. He could save their land with the Internet.

　　D. He could make a map of their land.

　　【解析】選C。推理判斷題。聯系文章最后兩段可知, 酋長從美國回來, 開始用“谷歌”搜索和全球定位技術來引發世人關注, 從而利用社會輿論來保護自己的家園, 由此可知C項正確。

　　. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. Deforestation has been stopped in Amazon.

　　B. Narayamoga’s efforts are paying off.

　　C. The Internet is still something new to the tribe people.

　　D. Logging has been stopped due to the use of GPS technology.

　　【解析】選B。推理判斷題。文章最后一段說明, 酋長的美國之行獲得了成功, 現在土著民族正運用高科技來測量自己的領地, 由此推斷, 他們的努力正在獲得回報。

　　閱讀理解Amy Pankratz spent a few nights in the hospital with her daughter, Isabella, who caught a bad flu. “Lying in bed beside Isabella, I could hear the cries of children in pain, ”says Amy. “It completely broke my heart. ”

　　When Isabella was getting well and could leave her room, she wore her prized possession—a“superhero cape(短斗篷)”Amy had sewn to encourage her—and walked into the hallway. The pink cape was an instant hit with the other young patients, who were doing exercise around the nursing station. “Then, all the kids were taking turns wearing the cape, giggling, ”Amy says. “These were some of the same children I had heard crying the night before, and here they were playing and having fun—kids just being kids! ”

　　From that moment on, Amy began making Comfort Capes for little ones battling with serious illnesses. “I felt God presenting an opportunity, ”she says. “I hoped Comfort Capes can help these kids feel brave, to lift some of the fear away. ”

　　Since then, Amy has made and donated more than 5, 000 capes in the United States. Amy usually pays for materials herself, although she accepts donations.

　　The capes she makes for kids in treatment are different from those her own children have. Before Amy starts to sew she learns what image or character the little boy or girl connects with. “I choose the pattern, color and theme specifically for each child, ”explains Amy.

　　When she is not sewing, Amy is raising awareness of childhood cancers and looking into ways to get Comfort Capes to more kids who need them. “If a cape can help a child, even only for a moment, forget his illness, it’s worth the time spent sewing, ”she says.

　　【文章大意】本文講述Amy在女兒生病的時候為女兒縫制了一件短斗篷, 就是這件斗篷為醫院里生病的孩子帶來了歡樂。由此, Amy產生了靈感決定通過為生病的孩子縫制斗篷, 讓孩子們暫時忘卻疾病帶來的痛苦。

　　1. What made Amy feel sad when she was staying with her daughter in the hospital?

　　A. Her daughter’s serious illness.

　　B. The tiredness from sewing the cape.

　　C. The crying of children in pain.

　　D. The illness of children in her daughter’s room.

　　【解析】選C。細節理解題。從文章第一段“I could hear the cries of children in pain, ”. . . “It completely broke my heart. ”得知, Amy因為聽見孩子們在痛苦中哭泣而感到心碎。故選C。

　　2. What purpose did Amy have when she began making Comfort Capes for sick children?

　　A. To make them feel warm.

　　B. To make them happy and fearless.

　　C. To find friends for her daughter.

　　D. To raise the awareness of children’s illness.

　　【解析】選B。細節理解題。由第三段“I hoped Comfort Capes can help these kids feel brave, to lift some of the fear away. ”可知Amy縫制“安慰斗篷”是為了讓孩子們快樂, 忘掉病痛帶來的折磨, 更勇敢地面對疾病。

　　3. According to the passage, we can get that the author’s attitude towards Amy’s behaviour is　.

　　A. supportive　B. neutral

　　C. negative

　　D. indifferent

　　【解析】選A。觀點態度題。作者以平鋪直敘的方式為我們講述了一位偉大的母親的行為, 字里行間流露出對Amy的贊揚之情。supportive給予支持, 鼓勵的, 符合題意。

　　4. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?

　　A. Amy: a Considerate Woman

　　B. How to Treat the Sick Children

　　C. A Strong Mom Who Helps Others

　　D. Turning Sick Kids into Superheroes

　　【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據文章的內容可知, 一個母親為生病的孩子縫制了一件超級英雄的斗篷, 從這次的經歷中她獲得了幫助更多人的靈感, 她決定幫助更多生病的孩子, 使生病的孩子快樂而勇敢, D項正確。

　　“Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence．When I first read this sentence from an American friend’s email，I laughed．I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish．

　　Obviously，it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a ruled English grammar and structure! Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting．I was too thrilled to believe her．Her words could not convince me at all．So I did a research on google．com．To my surprise，there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see．” This sentence has been widely used in emails，letters，newspapers，movies，books，or any other possible places．Though it is sort of informal，it is part of the language that Americans use daily．Ironically，if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word，the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected．

　　Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence．Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies．In the 1930s，Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a world wide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens．Detective Chan likes to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius．“Long time no see” was his trademark．Soon after Charlie Chan，“Long time no see” became a popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies．

　　Some scholars refer to America as a huge pot of stew．All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together，and they change the color and taste of each other．American Chinese，though a minority ethnic（少數民族的成員） group in the United States，is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed stew．

　　You can have some other examples than adoptions from Chinese，such as pizza from Italian，susi from Japanese，and déjà vu from French etc．There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from others．They will modify it and make it their own，so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant，or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea with honey in a grocery store．Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays，I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future．In this way the American stew keeps adding richness and flavor．

　　．The writer himself felt surprised at ______．

　　A．the Chinglish expression “Long time no see”

　　B．“Long time no see” used as standard American English

　　C．so many literal translation of the expressions used in America

　　D．finding out Americans use the expression every day

　　2．The word “stew” in the 4th paragraph probably means ______．

　　A．mixture literature

　　B．Confucius’ words

　　C．a kind of cooked dish

　　D．American changing cultures

　　．According to the passage，it can be inferred that ______．

　　A．detectives translate the phrase “Long time no see”

　　B．Hollywood made “Long time no see” popular

　　C．the huge pot of stew greatly affects all kinds of languages

　　D．cultures can be changed in the huge pot of stew

　　4．The main idea of the passage is that ______．

　　A．some Chinese expressions are introduced into English

　　B．you’ll not be surprised at a tofu in a restaurant in America

　　C．some American expressions can be used in China

　　D．American English keep being enriched from different cultures

　　5．According to the passage，which of the following statements is not true?

　　A．Informal language sometimes doesn’t go with grammar and structure．

　　B．Languages are always ruled by grammar and structure．

　　C．“Long time no see” has been used in at least four media mentioned in the passage．

　　D．There are four languages mentioned to be adopted in the American stew．

　　---5、B A B D B

　　（2024高考英語閱讀理解精練）閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案。

　　I like this job, in which I stay with small children and from which I get the challenges and awards. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career.

　　I wasn’t an excellent student because I didn’t do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn’t have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career.

　　I then found myself a job. Looking after two little girls, it wasn’t too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didn’t often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.

　　One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me, I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification if I wanted to work with children. I didn’t think I would be accepted because I didn’t take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part – time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.