2023年3月13日上午，十二屆全國人大二次會議在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)應(yīng)大會發(fā)言人傅瑩的邀請會見中外記者，并回答記者提問。

On the morning of 13 March 2023, the Second Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People. Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council met with Chinese and foreign press at the invitation of Fu Ying, spokesperson of the NPC Session.

[國務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)]媒體的朋友們，感謝你們對中國兩會給予的關(guān)注和作出的報(bào)道，大家辛苦了。下面就請?zhí)釂枴?/p>

Premier Li Keqiang said: Friends from the press, I want to thank you for your interest in and coverage of the NPC and CPPCC Sessions. My appreciation goes to all of you for your hard work. Now I would be happy to take your questions.

[美國有線電視資訊網(wǎng)記者]李總理，我的問題是和失聯(lián)的馬航飛機(jī)有關(guān)。首先借此機(jī)會對于機(jī)上的乘客、機(jī)組人員以及他們的家屬表示同情。大家都在急切地等待飛機(jī)的有關(guān)消息。請問您的是，中國政府在民用、軍事以及衛(wèi)星獲取圖象等方面采取了什么措施來全力參與失聯(lián)飛機(jī)的搜救行動？我還想問，這起事件會否對中國的對外開放政策和海內(nèi)外的旅游業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響？中國將采取什么措施確保國內(nèi)以及海外中國公民的安全？比如中國政府是否會考慮進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)業(yè)已十分嚴(yán)格的安保措施？

CNN: Premier Li, my question pertains to the missing airplane of Malaysia Airlines. First of all, our sympathy goes to the families of the passengers and crew members of MH370. It’s day 6 now and there is confusion and frustration. What’s your reaction to the current situation? What is China doing to harness all your resources, civilian, military, satellite imaging to assist in the search and rescue? And down the road, how will this incident impact China’s attitude and policies on opening-up including inbound and outbound tourism? What measures will you take to ensure the safety of Chinese citizens in and outside China? Will you tighten up the already tight security? Thank you.

[李克強(qiáng)]馬航失聯(lián)飛機(jī)上有239名乘客，其中154名是中國同胞，他們的親人心急如焚，他們的生命安危牽掛了中國政府和億萬中國人的心，現(xiàn)在我們也在盼來有消息，哪怕是一丁點(diǎn)好消息。中國政府已經(jīng)啟動了全面應(yīng)急和搜救機(jī)制，現(xiàn)在到達(dá)相關(guān)海域的有8艘中國艦船，還有一艘正在駛向相關(guān)海域，而且我們還動用了十顆衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行信息技術(shù)支持，只要有任何疑點(diǎn)都不能放過。

Li Keqiang: There are 239 people on board the missing plane of Malaysia Airlines, including the 154 Chinese passengers. Those people’s families and friends are burning with anxiety. The Chinese government and Chinese people are deeply concerned about their safety. We are all eagerly awaiting news about the plane, even the slightest piece of good news.The Chinese government has activated a comprehensive contingency response and search operation. Currently there are eight Chinese vessels in the related waters and one Chinese vessel is on its way. Ten satellites are being used to provide information and technical support. We will not give up on any suspected clue.

昨天我還和在前方的中國一艘搜救船船長通話，請他盡力再盡力。我們對衛(wèi)星圖象上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些疑點(diǎn)，也在盡力地進(jìn)行辨認(rèn)。這是一場國際大搜救，有諸多的國家參與了搜救，我們也要求有關(guān)方面加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)，并且一定要查明原因，找到馬航的失聯(lián)航班，妥善處理相關(guān)各方面的事宜。只要有一絲希望，我們絕不放棄搜救！至于問到中國的開放政策會不會變？不會，會繼續(xù)開放，會有更多的中國公民走出國門，這會增加政府的責(zé)任。政府要盡職履責(zé)，盡自己最大的可能，通過加強(qiáng)國際合作來確保在海外我國公民的生命安全。對于中國的航班安全工作，我們一直不敢放松，人命關(guān)天啊！謝謝。

I had a telephone conversation yesterday with a captain of one of the Chinese vessels in the search operation, and asked him to do his utmost. We are looking very closely at all suspected clues shown on the satellite images. This is a large international search operation involving many countries. The Chinese government has asked relevant parties to enhance coordination, investigate the cause, locate the missing plane and properly handle all related matters. As long as there is a glimmer of hope, we will not stop searching for the plane. With respect to China’s opening-up policy, there will be no change with the policy and China will continue to open itself to the outside world. In this course, a growing number of Chinese people will make overseas trips. That will place greater responsibility on the Chinese government. The Chinese government will fully perform its duties and enhance cooperation with other countries and regions to ensure safety of overseas Chinese nationals. As for flight safety, we have never let up our effort in ensuring flight safety as there is nothing more important than human life.

[《金融時(shí)報(bào)》記者]國際市場高度關(guān)注中國金融和債務(wù)問題，認(rèn)為這是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之一。請問中國政府將如何應(yīng)對這些問題，是否愿意看到出現(xiàn)金融產(chǎn)品違約的情況？

Financial Times: The international community is following very closely China’s financial and debt risks, regarding this as one of the highest risks for the global economy. What will the Chinese government do to tackle such risks? Is the government willing to see default of financial products?

[李克強(qiáng)]你的中文說得很流利，也很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我聽懂了。但是因?yàn)檫@是中外記者招待會，還得請翻譯做一次翻譯。關(guān)于對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，甚至還有些不看好的報(bào)道，最近我也看到了，類似的報(bào)道可以說似曾相識，去年就有對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)下行的擔(dān)心，但是我們就是在這樣的背景下，頂住壓力完成了全年經(jīng)濟(jì)主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)。對金融和債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)我們一直高度關(guān)注，去年在經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大的情況下，我們果斷決定全面審計(jì)政府性債務(wù)問題，這本身表明要勇于面對。審計(jì)的結(jié)果如實(shí)對外公布，表明債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是總體可控的，而且政府的債務(wù)率還在國際公認(rèn)的警戒線以下。很多債務(wù)還是投資性的，但我們不能忽視其中存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，正在加強(qiáng)規(guī)范性措施。下一步，包括采取逐步納入預(yù)算管理，開正門、堵偏門，規(guī)范融資平臺等措施。

Li Keqiang: I’ve got your question very clear as you speak very good Chinese, but this is a press conference for both Chinese and foreign journalists, so we still need the translation. There is such a view that the Chinese economy is confronted with risks, and I have read such reports which are not optimistic about the Chinese economy. They bear resemblance to the past bearish talk about the Chinese economy. For example, there was this concern last year about China’s economic downturn. Yet in spite of the pressure, we achieved our goal set for economic growth. We pay very high attention to the financial and debt risks. Faced with increased downward pressure on the economy last year, we conducted a comprehensive audit on government debt. That shows that the Chinese government has faced up to this challenge. We have released to the public the audit result as it is. And it shows that the risks are on the whole under control. Moreover, our debt to GDP ratio is below the internationally recognized warning line, and most of the debt takes the form of investment. But the government will not overlook potential risks. We are going to intensify regulatory steps, put those debts under budgetary management over time and enhance the oversight of financing vehicles. In a word, we are going to keep the front gate open and block side doors.

對于“影子銀行”等金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們也正在加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，已經(jīng)排出時(shí)間表，推進(jìn)實(shí)施巴賽爾協(xié)議III規(guī)定的監(jiān)管措施。我兩會期間參加一個(gè)代表團(tuán)的審議，有來自銀行界的代表問我，是不是資本充足率的要求偏高了一些？我們還是發(fā)展中國家，但是我們只能這樣做，我們不能把今天的墊腳石變成明天的絆腳石。至于你問我是不是愿意看到一些金融產(chǎn)品違約的情況，我怎么能夠愿意看到呢？但是確實(shí)個(gè)別情況難以避免，我們必須加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測，及時(shí)處置，確保不發(fā)生區(qū)域性、系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。謝謝。

As for financial risks such as shadow banking, we have tightened regulatory measures, set a timetable and started to apply the Basel III requirements. When I participated in the panel discussion during the two Sessions, a deputy from the banking sector said to me: Isn’t the capital adequacy ratio in China a bit too high? After all, we are still a developing country. But this is a must for us, as we don’t want to let today’s stepping stone become tomorrow’s stumbling block. As for default of financial products, how could I want to see such thing happen? Yet I’m afraid certain individual cases of such defaults are hardly avoidable. What we should do is to step up monitoring, promptly handle relevant situation and ensure that there will be no regional and systemic financial risks.

[人民日報(bào)、人民網(wǎng)記者]總理，您好。現(xiàn)在社會上有不少人擔(dān)心中國的反腐敗會不會是一陣風(fēng)？去年我們也查出了不少貪官，這是否說明中國在制度方面還存在著某些缺陷？此外，政府下一步在反腐敗上還會有什么新的行動？謝謝。

People’s Daily: There is a widely shared concern in the society as to whether this recent anti-corruption campaign will be a short-lived one. Last year, many corrupt officials were dealt with, but does this show there exist some institutional flaws in China? What new steps will the government take to combat corruption?

[李克強(qiáng)]中國黨和政府反對腐敗的意志和決心是一貫的。十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅(jiān)持有貪必反、有腐必懲，取得新成效，我們會堅(jiān)持不懈地做下去。對于腐敗分子和腐敗行為，我們實(shí)行的是“零容忍”。中國是法治國家，不論是誰，不論職位高低，法律面前人人平等，只要是觸犯了黨紀(jì)國法，就要依法依紀(jì)嚴(yán)肅查處、懲治。

Li Keqiang: The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have a firm will and resolve to fight corruption. This is our consistent position. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has been steadfast in combating corruption and holding corrupt officials accountable. New progress has been made in this regard and we will carry forward this campaign with perseverance. For corrupt behaviors and corrupt officials, we will show zero tolerance. China is a country under the rule of law. No matter who he is and how senior his position is, if he violates Party discipline and law of the country, he will be seriously dealt with and punished to the full extent of the law, because everybody is equal before the law.

腐敗是人民政府的天敵，我們要用法治的思維，用制度來管權(quán)、管錢。今年要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)，而且要加快推進(jìn)“權(quán)力清單”公布，界定權(quán)力的邊界，防止濫用權(quán)力。對于社會公眾高度關(guān)注的一些領(lǐng)域，比如像土地出讓金收入、礦產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓等，我們要全面審計(jì)，要通過一系列的制度性措施，讓權(quán)力尋租行為、讓腐敗現(xiàn)象無藏身之地。謝謝。

Corruption is the natural enemy of a people’s government. We must apply the rule of law in both thinking and action in fighting corruption. And we must put the exercise of power and use of public money under institutional check. This year, we will continue to streamline administration and delegate government power. We are going to release to the public a list of powers as quickly as possible and set down a clear boundary for the exercise of power to prevent power abuse. We will also carry out comprehensive audits in those areas which are of high concern to the public, including the revenue on the transfer of land use rights and transfer of mining rights. We will take institutional steps to ensure that rent-seeking behaviors and corruption have nowhere to hide.

[新加坡《聯(lián)合早報(bào)》記者]去年中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人頻繁訪問周邊國家，提出了新的周邊外交理念與合作倡議，但本區(qū)域仍然存在一些分歧和矛盾。請問您怎么看待中國與周邊關(guān)系的前景？謝謝。

Lianhe Zaobao of Singapore: Last year, Chinese leaders visited many neighboring countries and put forward new vision on China’s neighborhood diplomacy and cooperation initiatives. But still there exist some disputes and differences in China’s neighborhood. I would like to ask how do you see China’s future relations with its neighbors?

[李克強(qiáng)]你的中文就更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了，但是還是需要再翻譯一次。中國是個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化是13億人民的共同意志，這需要有和平穩(wěn)定的周邊和國際環(huán)境。我記得去年記者會快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我說過，中國走和平發(fā)展道路的決心是堅(jiān)定不移的，維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的意志也是不可動搖的。兩者歸結(jié)起來還是要維護(hù)穩(wěn)定，為發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。早在60年前，中國和一些周邊國家，就共同倡議和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，四鄰周邊有時(shí)候難免有磕磕碰碰的情況，但是只要我們相互尊重、管控分歧、互利互惠，碰出的應(yīng)該是和諧的聲音，而不是刺耳的噪音。

Li Keqiang: You speak mandarin even better. But still we need the translation. I hope to have your understanding. China is still a developing country. To achieve modernization of the country represents the common aspiration of the 1.3 billion Chinese people. This requires a peaceful and stable neighboring and international environment. I recall that approaching the end of last year’s press conference, I once said that China has an abiding commitment to pursuing peaceful development. We also have an unshakable will in safeguarding China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. These two points are both for the sake of upholding stability and creating a favorable environment for China’s development. As early as 60 years ago, China and some of its neighbors had jointly initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. When neighbors interact with each other, it’s only natural that sometimes they will run into problems of one kind or another. But as long as they respect each other, properly manage differences and pursue mutual benefit, there will be harmonious sounds instead of jarring noises.

你的問題讓我回想起去年訪問東盟國家，比如到越南，我和越南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成海上共同開發(fā)、陸上合作、金融合作三頭并進(jìn)的原則共識以后，也想聽聽民間的反應(yīng)。我就晚上趁工作之余，到了一家小店，那個(gè)女店主當(dāng)時(shí)就認(rèn)出我了，她說歡迎中國客人來，我想這也是給她帶來生意啊。我就問她你怎么看鄰國的關(guān)系？她說還是和平友好吧。和平友好、和平共處，我想這是四鄰百姓的愿望，我們需要一起努力，來擴(kuò)大利益的交匯點(diǎn)，縮小矛盾點(diǎn)，這樣就可以和睦相處，也是造福民眾。謝謝。

Your question reminds me of my visit to some ASEAN countries last year. During my visit in Vietnam, I reached principled consensus with the Vietnamese leaders about China-Vietnam cooperation in maritime joint development, on the land and in the financial sector. I was curious about how the ordinary people would think about this. So later in the evening, I took some time out of the schedule and visited a small local shop. The shopowner instantly recognized me and she said that she would like to have more Chinese customers. They would bring more businesses to her shop. I asked her how she thought about China’s relationship with its neighbors. She said there should be peace and friendship. Peace, friendship and peaceful co-existence, I believe, represent the common aspirations of all people in China and its neighbors. As long as we all work together to expand common interests and narrow differences, we can live with each other in harmony, bringing greater benefits to our people.

[英國路透社記者]想請教總理，有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)去年增長7.7%。請問總理，您上任一年最大的挑戰(zhàn)、最大的困難是什么？再有就是您覺得亟待解決的問題還有哪些？謝謝。

Reuters: China’s economy grew at 7.7% last year. In the past year since you became Chinese premier, what do you think is the biggest challenge and difficulty and what are the pressing issues that need to be resolved?

[李克強(qiáng)]我確實(shí)很佩服你們這些駐華記者，能這么流利地說中文。要說去年最大的挑戰(zhàn)，那還是經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大的挑戰(zhàn)。一度中國的中央財(cái)政收入出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長，金融領(lǐng)域還有所謂“錢荒”，銀行間隔夜拆借利率超過了13%，而且用電量、貨運(yùn)量的增幅也大幅回落。國際上也出現(xiàn)了一些輿論，說中國經(jīng)濟(jì)可能要硬著陸，還給出了指標(biāo)，說增長可能只有3%到4%。而對我們來說，財(cái)政和貨幣政策運(yùn)用空間又很有限，宏觀調(diào)控確實(shí)面臨多難選擇。怎么辦？遇萬難還須放膽。當(dāng)然破困局要用智慧，我們保持定力，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控的思路和方式，明確了經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的合理區(qū)間，就是增長和就業(yè)不能越出下限，通脹不能突破上限，而且著力促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，讓市場發(fā)力。正是在以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)過全國人民的共同奮斗，我們頂住壓力，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

Li Keqiang: I truly admire all these resident journalists of foreign media in China for speaking Chinese so well. The biggest challenge last year was the increased downward pressure on our economy. Central government revenue registered negative growth at one point. There was the so-called “money squeeze” in the financial sector last June. Inter-bank lending rate exceeded 13%. And there was a slump in the growth of electricity consumption and cargo transport volume. There was this view in the international community that the Chinese economy would suffer a hard landing and China’s growth would drop to 3-4%. Moreover, we had only very limited room for manoeuvre in carrying out fiscal and monetary policies, and we were faced with multiple tough choices in exercising macro-control. Under such conditions, what should we do? When confronted with mounting challenges, one needs to show guts. To tackle a difficult situation, one needs to have wisdom. We held our ground. We pursued creative thinking and ways in exercising macro-control and set a proper range for China’s economic operation. That is to say, we worked to ensure that GDP growth and employment would not slide below the lower limit and inflation would not exceed the upper limit. We focused our efforts on boosting reform and making structural adjustment to ensure that the market will play a strong role. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire Chinese people, we faced the pressure down and met our targets.