一、含有名詞的固定搭配

　　四級完形填空經常出現的考點之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如：動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中，會出現交叉測試現象，即對同一詞組的考查,有時側重名詞，有時則側重介詞等。考生需具備深厚扎實的基礎知識,注意在平時練習中對常見詞組進行積累,例如:beyond ones means;by mistake ;in the long run 等等。

　　Sleep Smart records the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep, via a head-b and equipped with electrodes and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.

　　A) findings B) prospects

　　C) proposals D) purposes

　　此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose 表示被用于......目的。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機器被用于醫療和研究一樣。正確選項應為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。

　　二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析

　　形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細微差異做出準確判定。名詞常在用途和數量上有所區分。例如:英語中的license 和certificate ,前者是許可某人從事某種職業的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經做過某事的證書,還有:incident ,event ,affair ,emergency 。數量標準是區分英語名詞的關鍵,因為名詞最大的特點就在于其可數與不可數、單數與復數的劃分。例如:work不可數意義是工作,變成復數 works 則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習中,考生應培養進一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。

　　For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,officials say. They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again.But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.

　　1. A) facilities B) instrumentsC) implements D) appliances

　　2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery

　　1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含工具,器械的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區分它們的異同。instrument 指用于精細工作或科學技術的工具;implement指在工作中任何有用或必需的器械, 尤指較簡單的農田或園藝工具;appliance特指家用電器;facility 常用作復數形式表示設施。故得出正確選項A),bathing facilities,洗澡設施。此外,表示設施,工具的其他近義詞還有:equipment ,apparatus ,device 等。

　　2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation保留;retreat退卻,退避;replacement取代,代替;re-covery恢復。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復的,得出正確選項D)。

　　三、特定語境下名詞的選擇

　　四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位于名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點所在。考生解答此類問題的關鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended by international aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations 此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank軍銜,軍階;equipment 設備;personnel人員,職員;installation安裝,設置。再根據句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災民眾,得出正確選項C)。

　　Directions:

　　In this section, there are 4 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.

　　Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long 2 . Before you buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estimates.

　　1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion

　　2. A) interval B) period C) run D) time

　　3. A) equipment B) appliance C) utility D) facility

　　4. A) goal B) task C) function D) purpose

　　答案解析

　　1.屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的前三個名詞都有形式的意思，按照名詞的用途，form 指具體事物的形式或形態;way指手段，方法，比method更為通用，可指單一的技巧也可指復雜的操作方法，還可以指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法;method指方法，方式，指相當精心地擬訂的一組方法，并強調實施的效率和精確性。fashion表示時尚，與前三個名詞詞義差別較大。故得出正確選項B)：你買一件物品或一項服務的方式往往可以決定你是在節省錢財還是在增加額外花費。

　　2.是對名詞的考查。固定搭配in the long run表示長遠，最后。此句句意為：如果你一直很好地維持你的小家、車子和寶貴財產，那從長期看來，你就是在節省金錢。最后得出正確選項C)。

　　3.仍然考查義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含工具，器械的意思，按照名詞的用途，equipment 表示軍用裝備，野營用具;appliance特指家用電器;utility常用于短語public utilities公用事業;facility 常用作復數形式表示設施。此處表示電器，故得出正確選項B)。

　　4.是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義：goal目標;task任務;function功能，作用;purpose 目的。再根據句意：如果可以的話，先試用或借來使用，看它是否能滿足你特定的使用需求，得出正確選項D)。

　　一、含有名詞的固定搭配

　　四級完形填空經常出現的考點之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如：動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中，會出現交叉測試現象，即對同一詞組的考查,有時側重名詞，有時則側重介詞等。考生需具備深厚扎實的基礎知識,注意在平時練習中對常見詞組進行積累,例如:beyond ones means;by mistake ;in the long run 等等。

　　Sleep Smart records the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep, via a head-b and equipped with electrodes and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.

　　A) findings B) prospects

　　C) proposals D) purposes

　　此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose 表示被用于......目的。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機器被用于醫療和研究一樣。正確選項應為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。

　　二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析

　　形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細微差異做出準確判定。名詞常在用途和數量上有所區分。例如:英語中的license 和certificate ,前者是許可某人從事某種職業的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經做過某事的證書,還有:incident ,event ,affair ,emergency 。數量標準是區分英語名詞的關鍵,因為名詞最大的特點就在于其可數與不可數、單數與復數的劃分。例如:work不可數意義是工作,變成復數 works 則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習中,考生應培養進一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。

　　For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,officials say. They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again.But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.

　　1. A) facilities B) instrumentsC) implements D) appliances

　　2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery

　　1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含工具,器械的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區分它們的異同。instrument 指用于精細工作或科學技術的工具;implement指在工作中任何有用或必需的器械, 尤指較簡單的農田或園藝工具;appliance特指家用電器;facility 常用作復數形式表示設施。故得出正確選項A),bathing facilities,洗澡設施。此外,表示設施,工具的其他近義詞還有:equipment ,apparatus ,device 等。

　　2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation保留;retreat退卻,退避;replacement取代,代替;re-covery恢復。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復的,得出正確選項D)。

　　三、特定語境下名詞的選擇

　　四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位于名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點所在。考生解答此類問題的關鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended by international aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations 此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank軍銜,軍階;equipment 設備;personnel人員,職員;installation安裝,設置。再根據句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災民眾,得出正確選項C)。

　　Directions:

　　In this section, there are 4 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.

　　Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, youll be saving money in the long 2 . Before you buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estimates.

　　1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion

　　2. A) interval B) period C) run D) time

　　3. A) equipment B) appliance C) utility D) facility

　　4. A) goal B) task C) function D) purpose

　　答案解析

　　1.屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的前三個名詞都有形式的意思，按照名詞的用途，form 指具體事物的形式或形態;way指手段，方法，比method更為通用，可指單一的技巧也可指復雜的操作方法，還可以指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法;method指方法，方式，指相當精心地擬訂的一組方法，并強調實施的效率和精確性。fashion表示時尚，與前三個名詞詞義差別較大。故得出正確選項B)：你買一件物品或一項服務的方式往往可以決定你是在節省錢財還是在增加額外花費。

　　2.是對名詞的考查。固定搭配in the long run表示長遠，最后。此句句意為：如果你一直很好地維持你的小家、車子和寶貴財產，那從長期看來，你就是在節省金錢。最后得出正確選項C)。

　　3.仍然考查義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含工具，器械的意思，按照名詞的用途，equipment 表示軍用裝備，野營用具;appliance特指家用電器;utility常用于短語public utilities公用事業;facility 常用作復數形式表示設施。此處表示電器，故得出正確選項B)。

　　4.是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義：goal目標;task任務;function功能，作用;purpose 目的。再根據句意：如果可以的話，先試用或借來使用，看它是否能滿足你特定的使用需求，得出正確選項D)。