Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are .four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　3D glasses help doctors perform invasive surgery when their hands are obscured from view.

　　Moviegoers arent the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadaysdoctors could benefit from them, too, a new study suggests.

　　In the past, doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work, preferring to rely on their own experience. But that may change, thanks to improved 3D glasses and even glasses-free systems .Funded by industry sponsors, the study of 50 surgeons using the new technology showed improvements in surgical precision and speed.

　　While the technology still requires some free-tuning, technology without the need to wear special glasses will increase the popularity of 3D systems in operating rooms, study leader Ulrich Leiner of the Fratmhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin said in a statement.

　　Improvements to screens are driving developments in 3D technology. High-definition screens are already available. The next step is ultra-high definition, with a sixteen fold improvement in resolution, according to study co-author Michael Witte of HHI.

　　To evaluate whether new 3D technology was ready for hospital applications, researchers invited surgeons from the Klinikum rechts der Isars surgical hospital to test it out. A leading endoscope manufacturer and an international display company funded the study.

　　The surgeons tested four different systems: 2D, 3D with glasses, 3D without glasses and a mirror-based 3D system. The glasses-free model relied on an eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye, creating a 3D effect in the brain.

　　The images came from endoscopic cameras used in surgery. The doctors practiced a simulated, routine surgical procedure in which they sewed up a wound in a model patients stomach using a needle and thread. Just as in a minimally invasive surgery, their hands were obscured from view and they relied

　　on the screen to see what they were doing.

　　The results were astonishing, Hubertus Feuner, of the Klinikum rechts der Isar university hospital in Munich, said in a statement. The winning surgeon performed the procedure in 15 percent less time and with considerably increased precision, Feuner said.

　　The most surprising thing was that not only young surgeons benefited, but experienced surgeons also, according to the researchers. The winning doctor has worked at the hospital for more than 30 years and has conducted thousands of operations.

　　The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest, and the glasses-free system as comparable to the 2D one.

　　Once the technology is widely available, will doctors begin using it. Theres no doubt that 3D will be a commodity in the future. Witte said.

　　The studys findings will be presented at a congress of the Association of German. Surgeons in Berlin in April. The findings have not been published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.

　　56. What can be inferred about 3D glasses from the second paragraph?

　　A) Doctors usually have a poor eye sight.

　　B) Moviegoers often wear 3D glasses to watch films.

　　C) Some doctors are moviegoers.

　　D) Moviegoers know how to perform surgery.

　　57. What was the doctors attitude toward 3D technology in the past?

　　A) Apathetic.

　　B) Positive.

　　C) Disappointed.

　　D) Doubtful.

　　58. To create a 3D effect in the brain, an eye-tracking camera system

　　A) enabled each eye to receive separate images

　　B) separated images for each eye

　　C) delivered images of each eye through a camera

　　D) delivered to each glass separate images

　　59. The benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons are

　　A) less precision and less time

　　B) improved precision and less time

　　C) improved precision and more time

　　D) obscured views

　　60. What can be inferred from the feedbacks of the surgeons?

　　A) 3D glasses system has the highest technology.

　　B) 3D glasses system is no better than 2D one.

　　C) The glasses-free system is superior to the 2D one.

　　D) 3D glasses system is more helpful than the glasses-free system.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.

　　Although the results were entertaining, they need not have bothered. Away from the cameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying in work .Since the start of the recession that began in 2008, the number of 16-to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same period the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240 o000.

　　The graying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, since when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start of the recession. There are several reasons why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less daunting than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes make it a financial necessity. And changing attitudes ,spurred by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever.

　　Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time. A big advantage is that they do not pay national insurance contributions effectively a second income tax on younger workers.

　　According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this flexibility explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead of slashing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have halted recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements. Over half of workers over state pension age work for businesses with fewer than 25 employees.

　　Christopher Nipper, who owns David Nipper, a womens wear manufacturer based in Derbyshire, prizes his semi-retired workers, who can be employed at short notice and do not need to work full-time to survive. Retired machinists can fill in if there is a surge in orders; former sales advisers can work as part-time consultants. As his competitors have moved production abroad, depleting the pool of trained labour,retaining older workers and their skills has become even more important.

　　There is scope for the older workforce to expand. Workers over the age of 50 who are made unemployed find it harder to pick up new jobs, which could mean that more oldsters want to work than are able to. That would be good. The Office for Budget Responsibility, the fiscal watchdog, reported on July 12th that an ageing, unproductive population is the biggest long-term threat to Britains economic health.

　　Data from the OECD, a think-tank, shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe, with old workers hanging on best in the north. Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern. That Britains ageing workforce more closely resembles Germanys than Italys could prove the countrys salvation.

　　61. Which of the following can be inferred from the BBC documentary The Town That Never Retired?

　　A) What it intends to reveal is contrary to the reality.

　　B) It has received good comments from audience.

　　C) It aims to criticize the poor pension provision in the UK.

　　D) It reflects the current phenomenon of retirees coming back to work.

　　62. According to the passage, it refers to__________.

　　A) age discrimination

　　B) the changing attitude

　　C) a financial necessity

　　D) staying in work after retiring

　　63. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about the older workers in the UK?

　　A) Most of them are loyal to their former employers.

　　B) Most of them rarely challenge themselves by seeking new types of jobs.

　　C) They do not have to pay national income tax.

　　D) 63% of them continue to work over the retirement age.

　　64. According to Christopher Nieper, why are semi-retired workers favored in hiring?

　　A) Because they can fill in the job vacancy in a brief time.

　　B) Because the pool of labour in the UK is drained.

　　C) Because they work harder than the yoking because of economic pressure.

　　D) Because their working hours can be as flexible as they want.

　　65. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that __________.

　　A) Britains ageing workforce is similar to Italys

　　B) Britains credit ratings are higher than Italys

　　C) Britains salvation is better than Germanys

　　D) Britains employment rates of ageing workforce are higher than Germanys

　　56.B)。定位到第二段：Moviegoers arent the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadaysdoctors could benefit from them，too，a new study suggests.

　　詳解 理判斷題。本題考查讀者對該段言外之意的理解。定位段指出，如今戴著3D眼鏡的并非只有電影愛好者，一項新的研究表明3D眼鏡也能讓醫(yī)生獲益，言外之意就是，電影愛好者經(jīng)常戴著3D眼鏡觀看電影，故答案為B)。A)醫(yī)生視力不好、C)有些醫(yī)生也是電影愛好者和D)電影愛好者會做手術(shù)在文中并未提及，故均排除。

　　57.D) 定位 由題干中in the past定位到第三段第一句：In the past，doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work，preferring to rely on their own experience.

　　詳解 參觀點態(tài)度題。本題考查過去醫(yī)生對3D技術(shù)的態(tài)度。定位句提到，在過去，醫(yī)生對工作中使用3D技術(shù)持懷疑態(tài)度，他們更愿意依靠自身的經(jīng)驗，D)為skeptical的近義詞，故為答案。A)冷漠的、B)積極的和C)失望的，均排除。

　　58.A)。定位 由題干中的eye.tracking camera system定位到第七段第二句：The glasses.free model relied on all eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye，creating a 3D effect in the brain.

　　詳解 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查視線捕捉攝像系統(tǒng)的功能。定位句提到，無需佩戴眼鏡的系統(tǒng)依靠捕捉視線的攝像系統(tǒng)將獨立的圖像發(fā)送到每只眼睛，從而在大腦中形成3D效果，故A)為答案。B)為眼睛分開圖像文章并未提及，故排除;C)通過攝像機來傳輸眼睛的圖像是對文章意思的曲解，故排除;D)將獨立的圖像發(fā)送到每個眼鏡與文意不符，故排除。

　　59.B)。定位 由題干中的benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons定位到第九段第二句：The winning surgeon performed the procedure in l5 percent less time and with considerably increased precision.Feuner said.

　　詳解 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查3D技術(shù)帶來的好處。由定位句可知，費斯納爾說，測試中完成最好的醫(yī)師不僅少花了15%的時間而且精準性得到大幅提高，即更高的精準性與更少的時間，故答案為B)。同時，排除A)與C);D)模糊的視線文中并未提及，故排除。

　　60.D)。定位 由題干中的feedbacks of the surgeons定位到第十一段：The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest，and the glassesfree system as comparable to the 2D one.

　　詳解 推理判斷題。由定位句可知，研究項目的外科醫(yī)生們給3D眼鏡系統(tǒng)的分數(shù)最高，而無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統(tǒng)和2D系統(tǒng)差不多，D)是對原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。A)3D眼鏡系統(tǒng)技術(shù)含量最高在文中并未提及，故排除;B)3D眼鏡系統(tǒng)不比2D系統(tǒng)好和C)無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統(tǒng)比2D系統(tǒng)好與原文邏輯不符,故均挑除。

　　61.A)。定位 由題干中的BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired定位到第一段第一、二句：A recent BBC documentary，The Town That Never Retired，sought to show the effects of increasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.Although the results were entertaining，they need not have bothered.

　　詳解 推理判斷題。本題考查有關(guān)紀錄片《永不退休的城鎮(zhèn)》的理解。由定位句英國廣播公司最近推出一部紀錄片《永不退休的城鎮(zhèn)》，該紀錄片旨在表現(xiàn)通過促使退休人員重回工作崗位來提高國家退休年齡這一政策所帶來的影響。片子雖然有趣，但影片制作者們真是杞人憂天了可知，實際情況是人們到了退休年齡會主動要求繼續(xù)工作，與這部紀錄片所要表達的內(nèi)容相反，故答案為A)。B)這部紀錄片得到了觀眾的好評為過度推斷，該段第二句僅指出片子雖然有趣，故排除;C)這部紀錄片旨在批評英國糟糕的退休金條款與D)這部紀錄片反映出目前退休職工重返工作的現(xiàn)象均未在原文中提及，故排除。

　　62.D)。定位 由題干定位到第二段最后一句：And changing attitudes，spurred by rules against age discrimination，are making it easier than ever.

　　詳解 語義理解題。本題考查代詞it 的指代。定位句提到，而且在禁止年齡歧視規(guī)定的驅(qū)動下，人們的態(tài)度在慢慢改變，這也使之較以往更容易。該段主題為英國勞動力老齡化及其原因，定位句為勞動力老齡化的最后一點原因，故it指代退休后重返工作崗位，故答案為D)。

　　63.B)。定位 根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一、二句：Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office：63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years.Over twothirds of them work part-time，mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time.

　　詳解 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查英國老年勞動者的情況。定位句提到，大多數(shù)老年就業(yè)者還是堅守在原來的崗位：在超過國家退休年齡的工作者中，63%的人和雇主共事的時間已超過十年。這些人中，超過三分之二的人現(xiàn)在從事兼職，主要從事他們?nèi)殨r曾做過的工作。換言之，年長的工作者大都很少挑戰(zhàn)新類型的工作，故B)為答案。A)大多數(shù)年長的工作者對之前的老板很衷心為過度推斷，故排除;C)年長的工作者不用繳納國家工資稅，該段最后一句指出不用再支付國民保險稅，而非國家工資稅，故排除;D)63%的年長工作者超過退休年齡后繼續(xù)工作是對原文內(nèi)容的曲解，故排除。

　　64.A)。定位 由題干中的Christopher Nieper和semi-retired workers定位到第五段第一句：Christopher Nieper，who owns David Nieper，a womenswear manufacturer based in Derbyshire，prizes his semiretired workers.who Can be employed at short notice and do not need to work fulltime to survive.Retired machinists call fill in if there is a surge in orders.

　　詳解 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查Christopher Nieper珍視他的半退休員工們的原因。由定位句可知，克里斯多夫很珍視他的半退休員工們，這些人可在短時間內(nèi)上工而且并不需要全職工作來謀生，A)中的fill in the job vacancy和in a brief time分別對應(yīng)原文的be employed和at short notice，故為答案。B)因為英國勞動力已耗盡，該段最后一句指出拋棄了熟練的工人，而非耗盡了所有的勞動力，故排除;C)由于經(jīng)濟壓力，他們比年輕的勞動力更努力工作，定位句指出這些人可在短時間內(nèi)上工而且并不需要全職工作來謀生，說明他們經(jīng)濟壓力不大，與原文不符，故排除;D)因為他們的工作時間自由，可以隨意安排為過度推斷，故排除。

　　65.B)。定位 由題干提示定位到最后一段.：shows that employment rates among workers approaching retirement age are split in Europe，with old workers hanging Oil best in the north.Government credit ratings follow a similar pattern.That Britains ageing workforce more closely resembles Germanys than Italys could prove the countrys salvation.