Unit Twenty-six

　　The Success of Eastern Asias Economics

　　Outsiders have contemplated the success of eastern Asias economies with admiration, wonderment and sometimes hostility. Scholars long sought to pinpoint the secrets behind the achievements of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. More recently, they have turned their attention to the emerging tigers of Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Hard work and entrepreneurial flair were obvious elements.

　　If a country is rich in a certain natural or human resource, its government should make sure nothing gets in the way of entrepreneurs who want to develop it,be they local or foreign. By allowing the latter a piece of the action, a nation benefits from the multiplying effects of investment, technology transfers and increased employment. And all the better if heavy tariffs or other forms of preferential treatment could be avoided.

　　In most cases, governments main job should be to get out of the way of business. Heavy-handed intervention in industrial policy generally does not work.It tends to create inefficiencies and artificial barriers to wealth. Governments should concentrate instead on liberalizing their own trade laws and pushing the same cause internationally. Freeing commerce allows natural, human and capital resources to flow into endeavors where they are mot efficient. Governments should keep interest rates and taxes as low as possible and make sure the national bureaucracy is capable and relatively clean.

　　There is some truth to the argument that the regions economic dynamos had it easy back then. Nations with scant resources and hardworking populations were able to export their way to wealth in the past three decades. One reason was that markets in North America and Europe were open and booming. Cold-war imperatives also helped. In part, they enabled some countries to protect infant industries. Todays world is a harsher place. Developed countries are still in the grip of recession and a developing nation may face retaliation for even the most innocuous form of nontariff barrier for example, tax incentives for certain industries. But as Asia becomes wealthier, it will serve as a huge new market to which developing countries can sell their goods.

　　Readers of the World Bank study would do well to remember that its sponsor is an organization that deals essentially governments. It was created to help them intervene in the development process. Its prescriptions can be faulty if they call for strategies to be imposed from the top instead of generated by businessmen. Hopefully, the banks report will note that in the end it is economic freedom to apply entrepreneurial creativity, work hard and reap the rewards of such efforts that makes any individual or nation wealthy. That was, and is, the secret of Asias success.

　　contemplate vt.1.盤算,計議 2.思量,對周密考慮 3.注視

　　ponder vt. 思索,考慮,沉思

　　irrespective a.不考慮的,不顧及的

　　hostility n.1.敵對,敵意,對抗 2.抵制,反對 3.交戰,戰爭

　　warfare n.1.戰爭 2.斗爭,沖突

　　antagonism n.對抗,敵對,對立

　　pinpoint vi.1.準確描述,確定,確認 2.精確地確定的位置

　　entrepreneur n.企業家

　　enterpreneurial a.企業家的

　　flair n.1.天賦,資質 2.敏銳的感覺力,鑒別力,眼光 3.愛好,癖好,熱情

　　flare vi.1.閃耀,燒旺 2.突發,突然發怒 n.閃光信號,照明彈

　　aptitude n.才能,天資

　　tariff n.1.關稅,稅率 2.價目表,收費表

　　intervene n.1.干涉,干預 2.干擾,阻撓

　　intervention n.介入,干涉,干預

　　endeavor vt. n. 努力,盡力,嘗試

　　bureaucracy n.1.官僚主義 2.政府機構,官僚

　　dynano n.1.發電機 2.精力充沛的人

　　scant a.不足的,貧乏的

　　deficiency n.1.缺乏,不足 2.缺點,缺陷

　　imperative a.1.必要的,緊急的,極重要的 2.命令的 n.必要的事

　　retaliate vi.報復

　　retaliation n.報復,回報,以牙還牙

　　revenge n.報復,報仇

　　innocuous a.1.無害的 2.無傷大雅的

　　incentive n.刺激,鼓勵

　　prescription n.1.處方,藥方 2.開處方,開藥方

　　tablet n.藥片

　　capsule n.膠囊

　　herb n.藥草,草本植物

　　reap vt.1.收割,收獲 2.獲得,得到

　　Unit Twenty-six

　　The Success of Eastern Asias Economics

　　Outsiders have contemplated the success of eastern Asias economies with admiration, wonderment and sometimes hostility. Scholars long sought to pinpoint the secrets behind the achievements of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. More recently, they have turned their attention to the emerging tigers of Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Hard work and entrepreneurial flair were obvious elements.

　　If a country is rich in a certain natural or human resource, its government should make sure nothing gets in the way of entrepreneurs who want to develop it,be they local or foreign. By allowing the latter a piece of the action, a nation benefits from the multiplying effects of investment, technology transfers and increased employment. And all the better if heavy tariffs or other forms of preferential treatment could be avoided.

　　In most cases, governments main job should be to get out of the way of business. Heavy-handed intervention in industrial policy generally does not work.It tends to create inefficiencies and artificial barriers to wealth. Governments should concentrate instead on liberalizing their own trade laws and pushing the same cause internationally. Freeing commerce allows natural, human and capital resources to flow into endeavors where they are mot efficient. Governments should keep interest rates and taxes as low as possible and make sure the national bureaucracy is capable and relatively clean.

　　There is some truth to the argument that the regions economic dynamos had it easy back then. Nations with scant resources and hardworking populations were able to export their way to wealth in the past three decades. One reason was that markets in North America and Europe were open and booming. Cold-war imperatives also helped. In part, they enabled some countries to protect infant industries. Todays world is a harsher place. Developed countries are still in the grip of recession and a developing nation may face retaliation for even the most innocuous form of nontariff barrier for example, tax incentives for certain industries. But as Asia becomes wealthier, it will serve as a huge new market to which developing countries can sell their goods.

　　Readers of the World Bank study would do well to remember that its sponsor is an organization that deals essentially governments. It was created to help them intervene in the development process. Its prescriptions can be faulty if they call for strategies to be imposed from the top instead of generated by businessmen. Hopefully, the banks report will note that in the end it is economic freedom to apply entrepreneurial creativity, work hard and reap the rewards of such efforts that makes any individual or nation wealthy. That was, and is, the secret of Asias success.

　　contemplate vt.1.盤算,計議 2.思量,對周密考慮 3.注視

　　ponder vt. 思索,考慮,沉思

　　irrespective a.不考慮的,不顧及的

　　hostility n.1.敵對,敵意,對抗 2.抵制,反對 3.交戰,戰爭

　　warfare n.1.戰爭 2.斗爭,沖突

　　antagonism n.對抗,敵對,對立

　　pinpoint vi.1.準確描述,確定,確認 2.精確地確定的位置

　　entrepreneur n.企業家

　　enterpreneurial a.企業家的

　　flair n.1.天賦,資質 2.敏銳的感覺力,鑒別力,眼光 3.愛好,癖好,熱情

　　flare vi.1.閃耀,燒旺 2.突發,突然發怒 n.閃光信號,照明彈

　　aptitude n.才能,天資

　　tariff n.1.關稅,稅率 2.價目表,收費表

　　intervene n.1.干涉,干預 2.干擾,阻撓

　　intervention n.介入,干涉,干預

　　endeavor vt. n. 努力,盡力,嘗試

　　bureaucracy n.1.官僚主義 2.政府機構,官僚

　　dynano n.1.發電機 2.精力充沛的人

　　scant a.不足的,貧乏的

　　deficiency n.1.缺乏,不足 2.缺點,缺陷

　　imperative a.1.必要的,緊急的,極重要的 2.命令的 n.必要的事

　　retaliate vi.報復

　　retaliation n.報復,回報,以牙還牙

　　revenge n.報復,報仇

　　innocuous a.1.無害的 2.無傷大雅的

　　incentive n.刺激,鼓勵

　　prescription n.1.處方,藥方 2.開處方,開藥方

　　tablet n.藥片

　　capsule n.膠囊

　　herb n.藥草,草本植物

　　reap vt.1.收割,收獲 2.獲得,得到