A MAN walks into a conference room at the Whotel in downtown Austin. The setting, sleek andhushed, says business. The trainersred, puffy,and paired with a sports coatadd a wink: newbusiness.

　　一名男士步入了奧斯汀市中心W酒店的會議室。那里的環(huán)境井然有序且安靜，一派職場氣象。但是男士腳穿的紅色蓬松運動鞋和身上的運動外套卻在這派氣象上加上了一種特殊意味：新型商務(wù)。

　　There are crazy awesome start-ups happening inevery nook and cranny in this country, says ScottCase, the man in question. He is the boss of the non-profit Start-up America Partnership,which means to help fledgling entrepreneurs by smoothing their access to private-sectormoney and mentoring. The idea is that as these young companies grow, they will create jobsnew jobs, good jobsand related economic activity that enriches the entire community.Some of the start-ups may even be gazelles, companies that grow by leaps and bounds.

　　在這個國度的每個角落里，每個縫隙間，都蘊藏著瘋狂驚人的新建公司創(chuàng)業(yè)事跡。斯科特凱斯說道。他是非盈利性新創(chuàng)企業(yè)美國合伙人公司的老板，這意味著他幫助剛剛起步的企業(yè)家們?nèi)谕ㄋ綘I企業(yè)資金，并進行相關(guān)指導(dǎo)。理念在于，當(dāng)這些年輕的公司逐步成長，它們將提供許多工作以及豐富整個社會的相關(guān)經(jīng)濟活動。新創(chuàng)公司中有一些甚至成了羚羊，這些公司的成長是跨越式的。

　　Last year the Kauffman Foundation, a think-tank focused on entrepreneurship , released a report explaining that newfirms typically create about 3m jobs in America each year. Between 1980 and 2005 theycontributed some 40m net new jobsas many as the countrys entire private sector managedover that time.

　　去年，一家專注于創(chuàng)業(yè)的智囊機構(gòu)考夫曼基金會發(fā)布了一份報告宣稱，新公司一般地為美國每年創(chuàng)造提供了300萬的崗位工作。1980年至2005年間，這些新創(chuàng)公司提供了將近4000萬新的崗位，與當(dāng)時的美國全部私有部門管理的職位數(shù)一樣多。

　　So people are keen to help. Barack Obama announced a start-up initiative at thebeginning of last year, and last month he renewed the call. Congress is considering abipartisan Start-up Act that could provide some tax credits, regulatory exemptions, and soon. Regional economic development groups have taken up the idea of economic gardening.The philosophy there is that regions should focus on core strengths and home-grownbusinesses, rather than squabbling with their neighbours in an effort to win a new car plant.

　　如此而來，人們都熱衷于援助新創(chuàng)企業(yè)。巴拉克?奧巴馬去年年初公布了一項新創(chuàng)公司動員計劃，并于上個月修改了該項提議。美國國會正考慮一項兩黨新創(chuàng)公司法案，該法案可以提供一些稅務(wù)減免和日常減免等等。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展團已經(jīng)采納了該理念，即經(jīng)濟型園林管理。這個層面上體現(xiàn)出的哲理是，地方上應(yīng)當(dāng)聚焦核心競爭力以及土生土長原汁原味的生意，而不是和他們的鄰里們?yōu)榱藸幰粋€新汽車工廠而喋喋不休。

　　This is mostly sensible. Many of the proposals mooted for start-upsexpanding thenumber of visas for highly skilled immigrants, for exampleare generally sound. And somestart-ups do turn out to be gazelles. Next month, for example, will mark five years sinceTwitter came to national attention at SXSW, Austins annual internet festival.

　　這大致是明智的。很多的建議書提出了對新創(chuàng)公司的討論，例如擴大高技能移民們的簽證數(shù)量，一般來說都很不錯。確實一些新創(chuàng)公司轉(zhuǎn)變成為了羚羊。例如，下個月將標(biāo)志著Twitter公司在奧斯汀年度網(wǎng)絡(luò)盛會西南偏南節(jié)上成為國民聚焦企業(yè)的五周年紀(jì)念日。

　　Still, there is cause for caution. For one thing, there is some ambiguity over what sort ofcompanies the policymakers are trying to promote. Mr Obama talks about start-ups andsmall businesses. Private-sector people, however, seem to have less interest in the latter.They would rather live in Silicon Valley than on Main Street. But high-tech concepts are notthe only viable business ideas. The Austin metro area, for example, is home to just twoFortune 500 companies, Dell and Whole Foods; both, oddly, were founded in the early 1980sby dropouts from the local university.

　　然而，還是需要小心謹(jǐn)慎。一方面來說，政策制定者們嘗試促進的那類公司仍有點含糊不清。奧巴馬先生高談新創(chuàng)企業(yè)和小生意。然而，私營企業(yè)業(yè)主他們更關(guān)注硅谷的高科產(chǎn)業(yè)，而對小型普通商業(yè)不太感興趣。但是，高科技理念不是唯一的可行商業(yè)理念。比如，奧斯汀地鐵站區(qū)域是財富五百強中兩大驕子Dell和Whole Foods的家鄉(xiāng)，奇怪的是，二者都是當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)退學(xué)學(xué)生在1980年早期辦起來的。

　　Another issue is that the effects of start-ups on employment may be modest. Perhaps as aresult of the recession, the number of new companies that actually employ people isdeclining. The cohort of companies born in 2009, according to Kauffman, created only 2.3million jobs.

　　另一個問題在于新創(chuàng)公司的影響力對于雇傭員工來說不是很大。也許由于經(jīng)濟不景氣的原因，新公司實際上雇傭的人數(shù)正在下降。據(jù)考夫曼基金會的報道，2009年誕生的一群公司僅僅提供了230萬工作崗位。

　　Last month the White House invited Mike Krieger, the co-founder of Instagram, to attend thestate-of-the-union message to show off Americas fastest-growing social mobile start-up. What began as a small, two-person start-up working out of a pier in San Francisco has grownto a dozen employees, Mr Krieger wrote. Even the bigger companies may not be labour-intensive. There is a danger that start-up jobs will be the next variant of green jobs:worthwhile, but slightly overhyped.

　　上個月，白宮邀請了Instagram公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Mike Krieger參加國情咨文，炫耀著美國增長速度最快的手機行業(yè)新創(chuàng)公司。 Krieger 先生寫道：剛開始，一個在舊金山碼頭運營的兩人合伙小公司，逐漸變成了十幾個員工的公司。雖然比這更大的公司都可能不是勞動密集型企業(yè)的。潛在的危機在于，新創(chuàng)公司提供的工作崗位將成為下一個變質(zhì)的綠色工作：很值，但稍稍有點浮夸了。

　　A MAN walks into a conference room at the Whotel in downtown Austin. The setting, sleek andhushed, says business. The trainersred, puffy,and paired with a sports coatadd a wink: newbusiness.

　　一名男士步入了奧斯汀市中心W酒店的會議室。那里的環(huán)境井然有序且安靜，一派職場氣象。但是男士腳穿的紅色蓬松運動鞋和身上的運動外套卻在這派氣象上加上了一種特殊意味：新型商務(wù)。

　　There are crazy awesome start-ups happening inevery nook and cranny in this country, says ScottCase, the man in question. He is the boss of the non-profit Start-up America Partnership,which means to help fledgling entrepreneurs by smoothing their access to private-sectormoney and mentoring. The idea is that as these young companies grow, they will create jobsnew jobs, good jobsand related economic activity that enriches the entire community.Some of the start-ups may even be gazelles, companies that grow by leaps and bounds.

　　在這個國度的每個角落里，每個縫隙間，都蘊藏著瘋狂驚人的新建公司創(chuàng)業(yè)事跡。斯科特凱斯說道。他是非盈利性新創(chuàng)企業(yè)美國合伙人公司的老板，這意味著他幫助剛剛起步的企業(yè)家們?nèi)谕ㄋ綘I企業(yè)資金，并進行相關(guān)指導(dǎo)。理念在于，當(dāng)這些年輕的公司逐步成長，它們將提供許多工作以及豐富整個社會的相關(guān)經(jīng)濟活動。新創(chuàng)公司中有一些甚至成了羚羊，這些公司的成長是跨越式的。

　　Last year the Kauffman Foundation, a think-tank focused on entrepreneurship , released a report explaining that newfirms typically create about 3m jobs in America each year. Between 1980 and 2005 theycontributed some 40m net new jobsas many as the countrys entire private sector managedover that time.

　　去年，一家專注于創(chuàng)業(yè)的智囊機構(gòu)考夫曼基金會發(fā)布了一份報告宣稱，新公司一般地為美國每年創(chuàng)造提供了300萬的崗位工作。1980年至2005年間，這些新創(chuàng)公司提供了將近4000萬新的崗位，與當(dāng)時的美國全部私有部門管理的職位數(shù)一樣多。

　　So people are keen to help. Barack Obama announced a start-up initiative at thebeginning of last year, and last month he renewed the call. Congress is considering abipartisan Start-up Act that could provide some tax credits, regulatory exemptions, and soon. Regional economic development groups have taken up the idea of economic gardening.The philosophy there is that regions should focus on core strengths and home-grownbusinesses, rather than squabbling with their neighbours in an effort to win a new car plant.

　　如此而來，人們都熱衷于援助新創(chuàng)企業(yè)。巴拉克?奧巴馬去年年初公布了一項新創(chuàng)公司動員計劃，并于上個月修改了該項提議。美國國會正考慮一項兩黨新創(chuàng)公司法案，該法案可以提供一些稅務(wù)減免和日常減免等等。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展團已經(jīng)采納了該理念，即經(jīng)濟型園林管理。這個層面上體現(xiàn)出的哲理是，地方上應(yīng)當(dāng)聚焦核心競爭力以及土生土長原汁原味的生意，而不是和他們的鄰里們?yōu)榱藸幰粋€新汽車工廠而喋喋不休。

　　This is mostly sensible. Many of the proposals mooted for start-upsexpanding thenumber of visas for highly skilled immigrants, for exampleare generally sound. And somestart-ups do turn out to be gazelles. Next month, for example, will mark five years sinceTwitter came to national attention at SXSW, Austins annual internet festival.

　　這大致是明智的。很多的建議書提出了對新創(chuàng)公司的討論，例如擴大高技能移民們的簽證數(shù)量，一般來說都很不錯。確實一些新創(chuàng)公司轉(zhuǎn)變成為了羚羊。例如，下個月將標(biāo)志著Twitter公司在奧斯汀年度網(wǎng)絡(luò)盛會西南偏南節(jié)上成為國民聚焦企業(yè)的五周年紀(jì)念日。

　　Still, there is cause for caution. For one thing, there is some ambiguity over what sort ofcompanies the policymakers are trying to promote. Mr Obama talks about start-ups andsmall businesses. Private-sector people, however, seem to have less interest in the latter.They would rather live in Silicon Valley than on Main Street. But high-tech concepts are notthe only viable business ideas. The Austin metro area, for example, is home to just twoFortune 500 companies, Dell and Whole Foods; both, oddly, were founded in the early 1980sby dropouts from the local university.

　　然而，還是需要小心謹(jǐn)慎。一方面來說，政策制定者們嘗試促進的那類公司仍有點含糊不清。奧巴馬先生高談新創(chuàng)企業(yè)和小生意。然而，私營企業(yè)業(yè)主他們更關(guān)注硅谷的高科產(chǎn)業(yè)，而對小型普通商業(yè)不太感興趣。但是，高科技理念不是唯一的可行商業(yè)理念。比如，奧斯汀地鐵站區(qū)域是財富五百強中兩大驕子Dell和Whole Foods的家鄉(xiāng)，奇怪的是，二者都是當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)退學(xué)學(xué)生在1980年早期辦起來的。

　　Another issue is that the effects of start-ups on employment may be modest. Perhaps as aresult of the recession, the number of new companies that actually employ people isdeclining. The cohort of companies born in 2009, according to Kauffman, created only 2.3million jobs.

　　另一個問題在于新創(chuàng)公司的影響力對于雇傭員工來說不是很大。也許由于經(jīng)濟不景氣的原因，新公司實際上雇傭的人數(shù)正在下降。據(jù)考夫曼基金會的報道，2009年誕生的一群公司僅僅提供了230萬工作崗位。

　　Last month the White House invited Mike Krieger, the co-founder of Instagram, to attend thestate-of-the-union message to show off Americas fastest-growing social mobile start-up. What began as a small, two-person start-up working out of a pier in San Francisco has grownto a dozen employees, Mr Krieger wrote. Even the bigger companies may not be labour-intensive. There is a danger that start-up jobs will be the next variant of green jobs:worthwhile, but slightly overhyped.

　　上個月，白宮邀請了Instagram公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Mike Krieger參加國情咨文，炫耀著美國增長速度最快的手機行業(yè)新創(chuàng)公司。 Krieger 先生寫道：剛開始，一個在舊金山碼頭運營的兩人合伙小公司，逐漸變成了十幾個員工的公司。雖然比這更大的公司都可能不是勞動密集型企業(yè)的。潛在的危機在于，新創(chuàng)公司提供的工作崗位將成為下一個變質(zhì)的綠色工作：很值，但稍稍有點浮夸了。