2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　South African cities 　　南非城市現狀 　　Still worlds apart 　　支離破碎 　　Urban communities remain divided along raciallines. Can that be changed? 　　城市社區依然按照種族劃分。這種狀況是否有所轉變? 　　DRIVING throughSouth Africacan be like taking adisheartening trip back in time. Twenty years after introducing full democracy, the racistgeography of the apartheid era is stubbornly unchanged. 　　在南非境內駕車，猶如一場時空倒退的旅行。二十年前，南非就倡導完全民主，二十年后，南非的種族歧視和種族隔離并未得到一絲一毫改變。 　　Most towns start with a collection of shacks, or perhaps rows of tiny matchbox houses,inevitably inhabited by blacks. A swathe of wasteland follows and then, further along,comes the town proper. Between the two, black people walk through fields or alongroadsthere are no proper pavementsor sometimes pile in and out of dilapidated minibustaxis en route from home to work. The effects of the Group Areas Act, which physicallypushed non-whites to the margins of towns in 1950at a distance, yet close enough toprovide cheap labourare still evident. 　　多數城鎮郊區都是成片破舊的、極其狹窄的房屋，這無疑是黑人的住所。周圍是一大片荒地，再遠處就是城區了。市區和郊區間并沒有人行道，出門工作時，黑人們只能穿過田地或者道路，有時候還要擠破爛不堪的面包車。1950年族群住區法將非白種人驅趕至城市邊緣地帶有一定距離，但這距離也足夠提供廉價勞動力這種狀況如今并無任何轉變。 　　In sprawlingJohannesburg, the biggest city inSouth Africaand its economic heartland,government officials are trying to break down this spatial apartheid. City planners haveembarked on an ambitious project to restitchJohannesburg, aiming to narrow the greatdistances between the black majority s homes and their places of work. Getting communitiesto live side by side with each other will be no easy task. Income inequality and fear ofviolent crime have the effect of keeping races apart. Government efforts to provideelectricity, water and housing to the poor have had the unintended consequence ofstrengthening apartheid geography by encouraging people to stay put. But the scheme canstill make a big difference to people s lives. 　　約翰尼斯堡被分割的七零八碎，卻是南非最大的城市和經濟中心，政府官員們正在努力打破這種種族隔離狀態。城市規劃者們已經著手實施一項偉大工程重新使約翰尼斯堡成為一個整體，縮短黑人住所和工作地點的距離。但是，讓人們挨著彼此近距離生活、挨著彼此并不容易。收入不均和對犯罪的擔憂也對種族隔離造成影響。政府努力給窮人們供應電力、水源和住房，鼓勵人們待在原地不動，這也造成了種族隔離的意外結果。但是這種體制也大大改變了人們的生活。 　　The flagship project inJohannesburgis a stylish pedestrian bridge that will link Alexandratownship, where Nelson Mandela once lived and where the slum-like conditions haven tchanged much since, with Sandton, the city s wealthiest suburb, where a statue of MrMandela is dwarfed by upscale shopping malls. These two areas are close as the crow flies,but cut off from each other by the country s busiest highway. The bridge should have greatpractical benefits. According to a traffic study, at least 10,000 people walk between Alexandraand Sandton every day. Construction is expected to start next month. 　　約翰尼斯堡大張旗鼓的工程就像個時尚的人行天橋，鏈接著曼德拉曾住過的亞歷山大小鎮，那兒的貧民窟什么的至今并未得到改變，該城鎮最富有的郊區桑頓屹立著曼德拉的雕像，但卻因一座座拔地而起的購物商場而顯的矮小。這兩個地方像兩條平行線，距離非常近，但卻被中間繁忙的高速公路隔離開來。該工程應該有些實際利益。根據一項交通調查，每天至少有10000人步行在亞歷山大和桑頓之間。預計下個月開始著手建設。 　　Johannesburg s Corridors of Freedom plan also includes a major expansion of the city s busnetwork and dedicated walking and cycling paths, linking areas slated formixed-usedevelopment. Low-income workers typically spend many hours and big chunks oftheir salaries on transport. 　　約翰尼斯堡的自由走廊計劃也包括擴寬城市的公交網，建設人行道和自行車道，發展共用空間。尤其是工作時間長的低收入人群，交通費用較大。 　　The mayor, Parks Tau, speaks of a comprehensive transformation of our spatial destinyand a break from our apartheid past. The city s promotional material has a more pragmaticpromise: Gone will be the days of being forced to rise at dawn to catch a train, bus or taxi toa place of work. Some residents in neighbourhoods along the planned corridors havecomplained of a lack of consultation from the city, and are fearful that crime may worsenas the masses pass by. But these changes are long overdue. A more efficient,people-friendlyJohannesburgwill be a far better city. 　　市長帕克斯在談到我們的生存空間將會全方位轉型，擺脫過去的種族隔離狀態。該城市的宣傳資料中有這么個務實的承諾：壓迫的日子將一去不復返了，早起趕火車、公交、出租車去工作的日子也不再有了。 自由走廊附近的居民都抱怨與城區缺乏溝通，每天有大量人群路過怕不安全，加大犯罪率。但其實這些擔憂都是沒必要的，約翰尼斯堡的人們將會過上美好的生活。 　　1.start with 從開始 　　What choices? So I start with leading what. 　　什么選擇?我以領導什么開始。 　　You can start with one of them and add the othersas you have time. 　　你現在就可以開始只用其中之一，如果你有時間的話，還可以加上其它的。 　　2.enough to 足以，足夠做 　　The sale of the house should fetch in enough to pay our debts. 　　出售這棟房子足以付清欠我們的債。 　　She was unlucky enough to draw kitchen cleanup twice in one week. 　　她夠倒霉的，在一周內兩次抽簽得下廚打掃。 　　3.break down 發生故障;失敗 　　The car broke down 　　汽車壞了。 　　The bridge broke down in last earthquake. 　　那座橋在上次地震中坍塌了。

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　South African cities 　　南非城市現狀 　　Still worlds apart 　　支離破碎 　　Urban communities remain divided along raciallines. Can that be changed? 　　城市社區依然按照種族劃分。這種狀況是否有所轉變? 　　DRIVING throughSouth Africacan be like taking adisheartening trip back in time. Twenty years after introducing full democracy, the racistgeography of the apartheid era is stubbornly unchanged. 　　在南非境內駕車，猶如一場時空倒退的旅行。二十年前，南非就倡導完全民主，二十年后，南非的種族歧視和種族隔離并未得到一絲一毫改變。 　　Most towns start with a collection of shacks, or perhaps rows of tiny matchbox houses,inevitably inhabited by blacks. A swathe of wasteland follows and then, further along,comes the town proper. Between the two, black people walk through fields or alongroadsthere are no proper pavementsor sometimes pile in and out of dilapidated minibustaxis en route from home to work. The effects of the Group Areas Act, which physicallypushed non-whites to the margins of towns in 1950at a distance, yet close enough toprovide cheap labourare still evident. 　　多數城鎮郊區都是成片破舊的、極其狹窄的房屋，這無疑是黑人的住所。周圍是一大片荒地，再遠處就是城區了。市區和郊區間并沒有人行道，出門工作時，黑人們只能穿過田地或者道路，有時候還要擠破爛不堪的面包車。1950年族群住區法將非白種人驅趕至城市邊緣地帶有一定距離，但這距離也足夠提供廉價勞動力這種狀況如今并無任何轉變。 　　In sprawlingJohannesburg, the biggest city inSouth Africaand its economic heartland,government officials are trying to break down this spatial apartheid. City planners haveembarked on an ambitious project to restitchJohannesburg, aiming to narrow the greatdistances between the black majority s homes and their places of work. Getting communitiesto live side by side with each other will be no easy task. Income inequality and fear ofviolent crime have the effect of keeping races apart. Government efforts to provideelectricity, water and housing to the poor have had the unintended consequence ofstrengthening apartheid geography by encouraging people to stay put. But the scheme canstill make a big difference to people s lives. 　　約翰尼斯堡被分割的七零八碎，卻是南非最大的城市和經濟中心，政府官員們正在努力打破這種種族隔離狀態。城市規劃者們已經著手實施一項偉大工程重新使約翰尼斯堡成為一個整體，縮短黑人住所和工作地點的距離。但是，讓人們挨著彼此近距離生活、挨著彼此并不容易。收入不均和對犯罪的擔憂也對種族隔離造成影響。政府努力給窮人們供應電力、水源和住房，鼓勵人們待在原地不動，這也造成了種族隔離的意外結果。但是這種體制也大大改變了人們的生活。 　　The flagship project inJohannesburgis a stylish pedestrian bridge that will link Alexandratownship, where Nelson Mandela once lived and where the slum-like conditions haven tchanged much since, with Sandton, the city s wealthiest suburb, where a statue of MrMandela is dwarfed by upscale shopping malls. These two areas are close as the crow flies,but cut off from each other by the country s busiest highway. The bridge should have greatpractical benefits. According to a traffic study, at least 10,000 people walk between Alexandraand Sandton every day. Construction is expected to start next month. 　　約翰尼斯堡大張旗鼓的工程就像個時尚的人行天橋，鏈接著曼德拉曾住過的亞歷山大小鎮，那兒的貧民窟什么的至今并未得到改變，該城鎮最富有的郊區桑頓屹立著曼德拉的雕像，但卻因一座座拔地而起的購物商場而顯的矮小。這兩個地方像兩條平行線，距離非常近，但卻被中間繁忙的高速公路隔離開來。該工程應該有些實際利益。根據一項交通調查，每天至少有10000人步行在亞歷山大和桑頓之間。預計下個月開始著手建設。 　　Johannesburg s Corridors of Freedom plan also includes a major expansion of the city s busnetwork and dedicated walking and cycling paths, linking areas slated formixed-usedevelopment. Low-income workers typically spend many hours and big chunks oftheir salaries on transport. 　　約翰尼斯堡的自由走廊計劃也包括擴寬城市的公交網，建設人行道和自行車道，發展共用空間。尤其是工作時間長的低收入人群，交通費用較大。 　　The mayor, Parks Tau, speaks of a comprehensive transformation of our spatial destinyand a break from our apartheid past. The city s promotional material has a more pragmaticpromise: Gone will be the days of being forced to rise at dawn to catch a train, bus or taxi toa place of work. Some residents in neighbourhoods along the planned corridors havecomplained of a lack of consultation from the city, and are fearful that crime may worsenas the masses pass by. But these changes are long overdue. A more efficient,people-friendlyJohannesburgwill be a far better city. 　　市長帕克斯在談到我們的生存空間將會全方位轉型，擺脫過去的種族隔離狀態。該城市的宣傳資料中有這么個務實的承諾：壓迫的日子將一去不復返了，早起趕火車、公交、出租車去工作的日子也不再有了。 自由走廊附近的居民都抱怨與城區缺乏溝通，每天有大量人群路過怕不安全，加大犯罪率。但其實這些擔憂都是沒必要的，約翰尼斯堡的人們將會過上美好的生活。 　　1.start with 從開始 　　What choices? So I start with leading what. 　　什么選擇?我以領導什么開始。 　　You can start with one of them and add the othersas you have time. 　　你現在就可以開始只用其中之一，如果你有時間的話，還可以加上其它的。 　　2.enough to 足以，足夠做 　　The sale of the house should fetch in enough to pay our debts. 　　出售這棟房子足以付清欠我們的債。 　　She was unlucky enough to draw kitchen cleanup twice in one week. 　　她夠倒霉的，在一周內兩次抽簽得下廚打掃。 　　3.break down 發生故障;失敗 　　The car broke down 　　汽車壞了。 　　The bridge broke down in last earthquake. 　　那座橋在上次地震中坍塌了。